...NO ELECTRONIC THEFT ACT (NET) Within the Internet culture of unlicensed use, theft of intellectual property is growing. Pirating works online is the same as shoplifting a video tape, book, or computer program from a department store. Through a loophole in the law, however, copyright infringers who intentionally pirate works, as long as they do not do so for profit, are outside the reach of our nation's law enforcement officials. In 1997 President Bill Clinton introduced the No Electronic Theft Act (NET), which allows criminal enforcement against people who have no profit motive in the infringement. HR 2265 was viewed as a closing a loophole in the criminal law. Under the old statutory scheme, people who intentionally distributed copied software over the Internet did not face criminal penalties as long as they did not profit from their actions. The act was strongly backed by the software and entertainment industries but opposed by library and academic groups. The No Electronic Theft Act, as its name suggests, was enacted to criminalize the violation of copyrights through the posting of copyrighted materials on the Internet. The posting of a work on the Internet makes it extremely easy to access, read and copy that work. Because of the popularity of the Internet, moreover, any single copy of a work that is posted on the Internet could be read and copied many times over each month. Copyright law establishes rights for both copyright holders and for purchasers of copyrighted...
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...Information Technology Acts J Lacy Parson BIS/220 4 Oct 2014 Lisa Paulson Information Technology Acts There were many different acts to choose from. Throughout the years so much as changed in terms of information technology, it seems that every year there are new issues. The most interesting to me were the No Electronic Theft (NET) Act, enacted in 1997 and the Federal Information Security Management Act of 2002. The No Electronic Theft Act protects copyright owners against infringement. According to Indiana University it makes copyrighted material “federal crime to reproduce, distribute, or share copies of electronic copyrighted works such as songs, movies, games, or software programs, even if the person copying or distributing the material acts without commercial purpose and/or receives no private financial gain.” (What is the No Electronic Theft Act 2014) This came from the progression that the internet made. The internet made is so easy to share information or download songs. It was a necessary act in my opinion. With blogs being such a big thing it also protected against someone claiming information as their own. The next very interesting act is the Federal Information Management Security Act of 2002. The act states that; “The Department of Homeland Security activities will include (but will not be limited to): overseeing the government-wide and agency-specific implementation of and reporting on cyber security policies and guidance; overseeing...
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...changed from breaking-and-entering and robbery at gunpoint, to complete identity theft, fraud, and robbery without lifting a finger via electronic manipulation of banking systems. To help battle these new criminal activities caused by advancements in technology, Congress passed the “Electronic Funds Transfer Act of 1978”, which establish consumer rights and protections when transferring funds via electronic systems. According to "Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation" (n.d.), “the purpose of this title to provide a basic framework establishing the rights, liabilities, and responsibilities of participants in electronic fund and remittance transfer systems. The primary objective of this title, however, is the provision of individual consumer rights” (Electronic Funds Transfer Act). With the establishment of the Electronic Funds Transfer Act of 1978, a new standard was established to protect consumers from theft and illegal monetary transfers from accounts. The act established accountability and liabilities for both consumers and banking institutions to hold parties accountable for funds transfers and illegal accounting activities. Further measures were taken to restrict criminal activities with the establishment of the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act of 1986. The act establish guidance and identified misuse of electronic systems and computers for criminal activities. According to 99 Congress (1986), “the act governs knowingly and with intent to defraud, accesses a Federal interest computer...
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...The Children’s Internet Protection Act of 1999 and the No Electronic Theft Act of 1997 are two forms of legislation that have been enacted in the last 20 years that are aimed to protect individuals from potential abuse on the internet. The Children’s Internet Protection Act of 1999 (CIPA) was developed in response to concerns about children accessing harmful or obscene internet content such as pornography and other obscene content. (Federal Communications Commission, n.d.) In the mid and late 1990’s the adoption of the internet was moving along an alarming pace. Many children, however, still relied on their school for access to the internet as. As allowed by the Schools and Libraries Program, certain education and library establishments are permitted to get internet access and very discounted rates in order to make it affordable for these establishments. This program, usually known as “E-Rate”, helps many low budget rural and urban community schools afford internet access for their students. (U.S. Department of Education, 2013) What CIPA did was require these schools and libraries to abide by certain rules to protect the children accessing the internet through their portals in order to receive the benefits provided through the E-Rate program. (Federal Communications Commission, n.d.) Another form of legislation known as the No Electronic Theft Act of 1997 (NET) changed the rules in regards to copyright violations. Before the NET Act copyright infringement could only...
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...Our personal information is always at risk and goes through unimaginable ways of getting it. No matter what advances technology makes there are ways around it. Hackers can be ruthless at cracking codes, finding backdoors, and tactics in fooling secure systems. Google is the largest and most powerful search engine and surprisingly in addition to the information it shares about you on the Internet there is a lot of information that not shared. When using the Google search engine your search history reveals a lot about you like your beliefs, associations and other personal information. Anytime that you are visiting websites cached copies of those sites are saved and your activities links to they call “Internet identity” and remains the Google database for a very long time. Bluetooths have proved to be a helpful device for cell phones and hackers now have found ways to them in stealing people’s information. Many of the new cell phones have Bluetooth by for uses like wireless headsets, in-car connectivity, and syncing for your computer. This device allows hackers to do many things with this automated process being so simple in just walking around for as long periods of time collecting as much data as possible and then manipulate it. After the software hackers use searches and connect to a susceptible Bluetooth capable cell phone and began to download things like information from your address book, daily agendas and information off SIM card by phone calls using hacked device and bug...
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...distributed to others free of charge. The Video Privacy Protection Act of 1988 (VPPA) was enacted to protect a person privacy, the act was brought up after supreme court nominee Robert Bork’s video rental records were released to the public ("Video Privacy Protection Act Of 1988 (vppa)", 2002-2006). VPPA now helps protect people’s personal information by limiting its release only to the consumer him- or herself; to any other person, with the written consent of the consumer; to any other person, if the disclosure is simply of names and addresses, and the consumer has been provided with an opportunity to opt-out; and the disclosure does not identify title, description or subject matter (though subject matter may be disclosed if "for the exclusive use of marketing goods and services to the consumer"); to any other person, if in the ordinary course of business; to a law enforcement agency, pursuant to a federal or state warrant, a grand jury subpoena, or a court order, provided that the consumer is provided with prior notice, and there is a showing of probable cause to believe that the records are relevant to a legitimate law enforcement enquiry; or pursuant to a court order in a civil proceeding, upon showing of a compelling need, provided the consumer is given reasonable notice; and afforded the opportunity to contest the request ("Video Privacy Protection Act Of 1988 (vppa)", 2002-2006). The No Electronic Theft Act was created in 1997 to facilitate prosecution of copyright violation...
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...Information Technology Acts BIS/220 4/02/2014 E Forrest (Skip) Boyd Information Technology Acts (Andreno, 1999) No Electronic Theft (NET) Act, 1997 In the past most of us would go to the library to seek out information, since the internet and .com age just about everybody is using a computer over the internet whether looking for products or a job. Electronic theft is a growing issue, as more people use the internet for personal and business matters, the criminals are adapting there methods to obtain your information online. Phishing is the act of sending an email message looking like a familiar organization in the attempt to get you to click on the link that they provide, attempting to trick you into giving your personal information. Advantage of the No Electronic Theft Act, congress has taken steps to make it easier to prosecute for electronic fraud. The main reason for this congressional activity is the increasing commercial importance of computers and electronic transactions. Andreano, F. P. (1999) According to one market research firm, “global internet commerce revenues will grow in to the billions of dollars. And with these growing revenues, sophisticated criminals have recognized, and sought to take advantage of, the opportunity for ill-gotten gains. As one author quipped, hackers are no longer youthful pranksters, but have become a sort of net mafia.” Andreano, F. P. (1999) Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), 1996 HIPPA was...
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...Information Technology Acts BIS 220 Information Technology Acts There are two acts that seem to work the hardest for the consumer. With the rise in ATM’s and other electronic forms of banking, the Electronic Funds Transfer Act of 1978 provides the consumer with the confidence they once gave solely to the checking system. The Fair Credit Reporting Act, 1970, provided the consumer with protection from unfair reporting and also provided a means to correct false information. These are not the only two things the act provides or protects. The list is long and very helpful for the consumer. The Electronic Funds Transfer Act was signed by President Jimmy Carter in 1978. This act was designed to govern electronic funds transfers (EFT), which are more common today than the use of cash. The EFT act covers the rights and responsibilities of all parties involved in the transfer of funds. Types of EFT’s commonly used are as follows: * Point of Sale (POS) * Debit Cards * Automated Teller Machine (ATM) * Wire Transfers / online bill pay * Electronic Check Processing Although these forms of payment are more convenient than checks, they do carry substantially more risk. Thankfully, the EFT act offers the customer protections and ways to dispute fraudulent activities. The Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA), 1970 was initially drafted to help standardize the reporting of credit and also ease the availability to creditors. Capaldi asserts in his presentation that...
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...and institutions, but it also damages the consumer confidence of valid Internet businesses and e-commerce. There are many forms of Internet fraud which Internet patrons need to be aware of and cognizant of. This paper will explore major classifications of Internet fraud, provide information on how to deal with Internet fraud, relay actions taken by the government to thwart Internet fraud and prosecution thereof, and also take a detailed look into one type of Internet fraud especially, identity theft. According to the Department of Justice (http://www.usdoj.gov/criminal/fraud/text/Internet.htm), Internet fraud is any type of criminal scheme that uses one or more components of the Internet to present fraudulent solicitations to prospective victims, to conduct fraudulent transactions or to transmit the proceeds of fraud to financial institutions. Major types include; online action and retail scams, business opportunities or work-at-home scams, investment schemes, phishing, and identity theft and fraud. Seventy-five percent of fraudulent parties contact their victims via web-sites, while the remaining twenty-five percent contact their victims via e-mail correspondence as reported by the National Consumers League’s National Fraud Information Center/Internet Fraud Watch program, Internet Scam Fraud Trends...
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...Information Technology Acts Sherwoska Smith BIS/220 July 3, 2013 Information Technology Acts Although some people still take pleasure in writing checks, checks are a thing of former times. Some people also still carry out most of their banking necessities inside a local branch however majority of their needs can be handle online from the convince of their home. The advancements in information technology have been the basis for the creation of the Electronic Funds Transfer Act, 1978 and the No Electronic Theft (NET) Act, 1997. According to "Consumer Affairs Laws And Regulations" (2010), " The Electronic Fund Transfer Act (EFTA) (15 USC 1693 et seq.) of 1978 is intended to protect individual consumers engaging in electronic fund transfers (EFTs). EFT services include transfers through automated teller machines, point-of-sale terminals, automated clearinghouse systems, telephone bill-payment plans in which periodic or recurring transfers are contemplated, and remote banking programs.” (Electronic Funds Transfer Act). According to "University Information Technology Services" (2005-2013), Congress enacted the No Electronic Theft (NET) Act in 1997 to facilitate prosecution of copyright violation on the Internet. The NET Act makes it a federal crime to reproduce, distribute, or share copies of electronic copyrighted works such as songs, movies, games, or software programs, even if the person copying or distributing the material acts without commercial purpose and/or...
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...2012 Charles Waller Information Technology at a Glance The electronic fund transfer act was voted in by congress in 1978. The act was signed by the then president Jimmy Carter. The purpose of the act was to establish the rights accorded to consumers and the liabilities they face in conducting electronic transactions ("Electronic fund transfer," 2011). The act also set out to outline the responsibilities of all those who participated in activities involving the transfer of electronic funds. The main function of the electronic fund transfer act is the clarification of the rights and liabilities of consumers. The act was necessitated because the consumer protection legislation of the time was not clear enough. In light of recent technological advancements legislation needed to be modified to include new mediums of transaction, namely electronic fund transfers. Although the act gives consideration to those who participate in the transfer of electronic funds its primary focus remains the protection of individual consumers (Emerson, 2009). The act eliminates the need for most transactions that originate through paper instruments. Examples of such instruments include a check or a draft. The focal point of focus is electronic transactions. Electronic transactions in the act include an electronic terminal, a telephonic device, a computer, or even magnetic tape. Automated teller machines are covered by the act, as are direct deposits or withdrawals, point of sale transfers, and...
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...Technology Acts Dionne Grace BIS/220 October 7, 2013 Bardwell White Technology Acts Ethics in short is moral; it is the principles that dictate a group’s or individual’s behavior. It is not only used in the personal lives of people, but it is also used in the life of business. This paper will give a brief description of advances in information technology as it relates to ethical issues and the development of two acts: Children’s Internet Protection Act- 2000, and No Electronic Theft (NET) Act- 1997. Children’s Internet Protection Act The internet has become a very critical tool for children’s learning and success. It has become a threshold to a variety of expression and skills; however, while positive avenues are available to children via internet so are negative. Children are exposed to inappropriate material and materials that can be potentially harmful: promotion of violence, hate sites, pornography, etc… According to Department of Commerce (2003), “In October 2000, Congress passed the Children’s Internet Protection Act (CIPA), which requires schools and libraries that receive federal funds for discounted telecommunications, internet access, or internal connections services to adopt an internet safety policy and employ technological protections that block or filter certain visual depictions deemed obscene, pornographic, or harmful to minors” (para. 3). This implementation was successful after previous Congressional attempts to protect children...
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...Information Technology Acts Paper Christy Little BIS-220 May 19, 2014 Eileen Buckholtz Information Technology Acts Paper The creation of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) and the Electronic Funds Transfer Act were designed to protect individual’s personal information. These two acts aim at protecting important personal information that can make an individual vulnerable to identity theft and other crimes. In the growing world of technology, individuals need protection and privacy from potential criminals. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) was passed on August 21, 1996 with a goal to provide safe electronic transfers of personal health information ("American Academy Of Pediatrics ", 2005). With the development of the Electronic Health Record (EHR), an individual’s personal health information could be easily shared in-house or by outside networks. These types of electronic files can be shared between physicians, clinics, insurance companies to the individuals themselves. EHR’s are taking the place of paper files that take up valuable space in offices and endless fees for supplies. EHR’s contain information such as age, weight, diseases, immunization status, or complete medical histories. Whether the breach of privacy is intentional or unintentional, vital information can be at the finger- tips of criminals enabling crimes such as identity theft or publically humiliating famous people. One of the main goals...
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...Evaluate the obligation Flayton Electronics has to its customers to protect their private data. Flayton Electronics does have a moral and legal obligation to its customers to protect their private data. Section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act, prohibits deceptive and unfair trade practices. Under the FTC Act, businesses must handle consumer information in a way that is consistent with their promises to their customers such as what they say in their online privacy policy, and avoid data security practices that create an unreasonable risk of harm to consumer data. Other federal laws may affect a company’s data security requirements, including the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), which applied to health data; the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA), which apply to student records; and the Driver’s Privacy Protection Act (DPPA), which applies to information maintained by state departments of motor vehicles. As concerns over identity theft and data security have increased, many states have passed laws or regulations to protect their citizens. In addition to complying with federal laws, businesses should look to state laws to make sure they are in compliance (Kappler 2007). The Federal Trade Commission Act has tried to develop a single basic standard for data security that strikes the balance between providing concrete guidance, and allowing flexibility for different businesses’ needs. The standard is straightforward: Companies...
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...2013 7/15/2013 ORGANISATIONAL PROFILE History New India Assurance India Limited, incorporated on July 23rd 1919 was founded Sir Dorab Tata who was a founding member of The House of Tata’s. I got further nationalized in the year 1973 with merger of Indian companies. Present Position New India Assurance India Limited has vast presence all over the country and it is also doing remarkably high business. The company’s gross premium (in India) has increased tremendously over the years 2010-2012. It was Rs. 8542.86 crores in the year 2011-2012, as against Rs. 7097.14 crores in the year 2010-2011. Also, the company’s total assets are as high as Rs. 42162.74 crores as on 31st March 2012. The company has an extensive network of offices covering each and every state and other regions of India as shown in Figure1. . Figure 1.New India Assurance India Limited presence all over the country. Such large and extensive network makes NIA Rank No. 1 in the Indian market. Not only this, the company is also the largest Non-Life insurer in Afro-Asia excluding Japan. It is infact also the first Indian non-life company to reach Rs. 10073.88 crores Gross Premium. International Presence NIA also provides global Re-insurance facilities. It has its over-seas presence in countries like Japan, U.K, Middle East, Fiji and Australia. Overseas operations commenced in 1920. The company has operations in 20 countries in the year 2011-12 which spans through a...
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