...2006 KM Loi & Associates 3 EU – Single Market EU Policy and Regulation EU Policy and Regulation EU Directives Essential Requirements Manufacturer Manufacturer or or Representative Representative Product and Services January 2006 KM Loi & Associates 4 Directive 98/34/EC A single market - December 31, 1992. • • • • Harmonization is limited to Essential Requirements. Only products fulfilling ER can be placed on the market and put into services. Published Harmonized standards are presumed to conform to corresponding essential requirements. Harmonized standards and technical specifications are voluntary and manufacturers are free to choose any route to meet compliance with ER. Manufacturers may choose between different conformity assessment procedures. KM Loi & Associates 5 Global Approach Free Movement of Goods. • New Approach Directives apply to products which are intended to be placed (or put into service) in the European Union. It is the responsibility of manufacturer to verify whether the product is...
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...How can we explain conformity? Draw on at least two examples Scott and Marshall (2005) explain conformity with people’s attempts on complying with other’s norms and rules in order to fulfill their expectations. But is it really that simple? Conformity is one of these terms in sociology that have too much different tones and shades, and thus requires deep examination. This essay looks at in detail at a number of classical studies on the subject of conformity as well as it analyzes a particular type of conformity, i.e. gender conformity. Examples and case studies given from both academic experiments and everyday life help this essay in arguing that conformity is a complex process happening to all of us most of the time even without our knowledge. Moreover, this essay provides information about why people actually conform. Every person is an individual. However, every person belongs to a group. The nationality of a person, their sex, their age, the colour of their skin, and even their hobbies are all different kinds of groups to which this person belongs to. Group membership helps building a type of social identity, while applying its norms and rules upon the individual (Brown 2000). Moreover, even in cases in which a clear hierarchy and roles are absent because of the instant development of the group, social influence remains existent. Social influence definition given by Allport (1968) is as it follows, ‘an attempt to understand and explain how the thought, feeling, and...
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...Outline and explain the meaning of the term deviancy (15 marks) Deviance is a sociological term that literally means to stray or digress from the normal. Sociologists tend to view deviant behaviour as acts, which provoke a sense of public disapproval. Deviant behaviour is also frequently subject to some form of sanction that serves to promote conformity. The definition of deviance varies from sociologist as deviancy is a complex concept. Clinard and Meier (2001) developed four definitions of deviance including statistical, absolutist, reactivist and normative. Anthony Giddens (1993) defines deviance as “non-conformity to a given norm, or set of norms, which are acceptable by a significant number of people in a community or society.” Whereas Downs and Rock (1998) claim that deviancy is “banned or controlled behaviour which is likely to attract punishment or approval” and finally, Wickmen (1991) states that “behaviour that violates the standards of conduct or expectations of a group or society” is deviant. Ken Plummer defines where there is a broad consensus that an act is wrong as normative deviance, where deviancy is an act which violates prevailing norms, or cultural standards prescribing how humans ought to behave normally. Plummer also defines situational deviance as occurring when deviant behaviour is understandable in its context, such as running naked from a burning building. The rules of each society vary; this is a basic sociological and anthropological concept known...
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...ANTHROPOLOGY 101 Introduction to Cultural Anthropology Queens College / CUNY, Spring 2015 TuTh 12:15-1:30PM, Kiely 150 Professor: Ramona Lee Pérez, PhD Email: ramona.perez@qc.cuny.edu Office hours: Th 2-3 PM, PH 315H COURSE DESCRIPTION This course is an introduction to the range of human diversity through an exploration of the peoples of the world. We will cover the basic concepts, theories, and methods that anthropologists use to study variations in cultural norms and social practices, economic systems and rules of law, social organization and patterns of inequality, identity and worldview, and patterns of social and cultural change. Focusing on the culture concept and the method of ethnography, we begin with the historical foundations of anthropology and then follow its attempts to understand contemporary human cultures. Comparative analysis of multiple ethnographic case studies and major theoretical approaches illuminates the range of human diversity, the forces that shape cultures, and how people adapt to a rapidly changing modern world. The central objectives of this course are to develop your intellectual skills, your cross-cultural fluency, and your sense of civic and moral engagement in global society. I hope that this course inspires many of you to become anthropology majors or minors, and grants each of you an anthropological perspective on your own life. REQUIREMENTS This is an intensive course that requires full participation from every student...
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...disagreement within academia over whether and to what extent the existing legal framework for outer space activity can adequately deal with private and commercial spaceflight. The drafting of fundamental principles for the use of outer space was therefore conducted with the basic assumption that spaceflight would be public, not private. However, for all intents and purposes, Article VI of the OST means in part that, as a State party to the OST, the governmental has continuing jurisdiction over its private citizens performing space activities, and is responsible for authorising space activities carried out by them. The government furthermore has an obligation to continually supervise their activities to ensure that they are carried out in conformity with the OST and international law in general. Additionally, Article VIII of the OST provides that a State party to the treaty will retain jurisdiction and control over their registered objects and personnel while in outer space or on a celestial body. The language of Article VIII leads into another issue; the matters of registration, jurisdiction and...
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...“A” Level Sociology A Resource-Based Learning Approach Deviance and Social Control Unit M4: Functionalism Introduction In these Teachers’ Notes we’re going to review a number of theories of crime and deviance from a Structural Functionalist perspective. In case this sociological perspective is not clear to you, the first part of these Notes is given over to a brief overview of this perspective. If you are familiar with this perspective, then this overview will serve as revision material... The second part of these Notes will provide an overview of some of the basic themes and theories put forward by writers working within this general perspective to explain crime. Functionalism: An Overview The Functionalist perspective is a form of Structuralist sociology and, as such, we can initially characterise it as a form of macro sociological theorising. In this respect, the main theoretical question addressed by sociologists working within the Functionalist perspective is that of: * How do social systems ("societies") hold together? In their attempts to provide an answer to this question, Functionalists have initially concentrated upon two ideas that are closely related to the above: 1. How is order maintained in any society? 2. What are the main sources of stability in any society? As you might imagine - given that the theoretical emphasis seems to be placed on rather grand questions...
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...MGMT2200 PROJECT PROPOSAL Students undertaking tertiary education in this day and age are often seen exhaustingly conducting the futile exercise of dividing and budgeting their scarce funds across a variety of spending platforms in order to support and satisfy their university needs and wants. In this project, we attempt to analyse specific spending behaviours of the young university student demographic and define the reasoning behind specific consumption patterns, supported by the findings of primary and secondary research. The primary research conducted by our group will primarily focus on behavioural factors that influence different aspects of students’ consumption, and will predominately be in the form of questionnaires and surveys from a large sample. The primary research steps our group undertakes to will be two-fold: 1. Identify what the target audience is purchasing and the proportion of income spent on particular categories. Clear defined categories will be provided, with examples given Eg. Food, recreation, entertainment, going out, other etc. 2. Examine reasons why money is proportioned in this way, explanations as to what leads students to spend on particular categories, rather than others. Eg. Those who spend more on food have less to eat at home, those spending a lot on clothes/music/magazines/etc. why? Do students have a tendency to save? For what reason? In surveys, open-ended questions may be asked eg. “Your money is proportioned so that 60% is spent...
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...Centre Number Surname Other Names Candidate Signature Candidate Number For Examiner’s Use Examiner’s Initials Question Mark General Certificate of Education Advanced Subsidiary Examination June 2010 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Psychology (Specification A) Unit 2 PSYA2 Biological Psychology, Social Psychology and Individual Differences 9.00 am to 10.30 am Thursday 10 June 2010 You will need no other materials. 10 11 TOTAL Time allowed 1 hour 30 minutes Instructions Use black ink or black ball-point pen. Fill in the boxes at the top of this page. Answer all questions. You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Do not write outside the box around each page or on blank pages. Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked. If you need extra space for your answer(s), use the lined pages at the end of this book. Write the question number against your answer(s). Information The marks for questions are shown in brackets. The maximum mark for this paper is 72. Question 3 should be answered in continuous prose. You may use the space provided to plan your answer. In Question 3, you will be marked on your ability to: – use good English – organise information clearly – use specialist vocabulary where appropriate. (Jun10psya201) G/T52601 6/6/6/ PSYA2 2 Section A Biological Psychology Answer all questions in the spaces provided. Do not write outside the box Total for this question: 6 marks 1 The following data show...
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...unfavorable situations. His reasoning lies in the complexity of his struggle, because if he concedes in every situation, he is not disparate from ‘normal people’. For example, when he wants to avoid talking to Ackley he turns the hat around to get out of the conversation. Moreover, Holden likes to boast his non-conformity through his hatred of mainstream culture....
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...SERVICE SPECIFICATION DNVGL-SE-0074 Edition December 2014 Type and component certification of wind turbines according to IEC 61400-22 The electronic pdf version of this document found through http://www.dnvgl.com is the officially binding version. The documents are available free of charge in PDF format. DNV GL AS FOREWORD DNV GL service specifications contain procedural requirements for obtaining and retaining certificates and other conformity statements to the objects, personnel, organisations and/or operations in question. © DNV GL AS Any comments may be sent by e-mail to rules@dnvgl.com This service document has been prepared based on available knowledge, technology and/or information at the time of issuance of this document, and is believed to reflect the best of contemporary technology. The use of this document by others than DNV GL is at the user's sole risk. DNV GL does not accept any liability or responsibility for loss or damages resulting from any use of this document. Changes – current CHANGES – CURRENT General This service specification supersedes and replaces the January 2014 edition of DNV-DSS-904. Service specification DNVGL-SE-0074 – Edition December 2014 DNV GL AS Page 3 CHANGES – CURRENT .................................................................................................. 3 Sec.1 Introduction .....................................................................................................
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...Agreement on the Establishment of South Asian Regional Standards Organisation (SARSO) Preamble The Governments of SAARC Member States Desiring to achieve and enhance coordination and cooperation among themselves in the fields of standardization and conformity assessment; and Aiming to develop harmonised standards for the region to facilitate intra-regional trade and to have access in the global market. Have agreed as follows: Definitions: South Asian RSO: South Asian Regional Standards Organization (SARSO) SAARC Standard: Standard that is developed or adopted by SARSO and made available to the SAARC Member States. Article 1 Establishment of the South Asian Regional Standards Organisation i. There is hereby established a body to be known as the South Asian Regional Standards Organisation (hereafter referred to as the ‘Organisation’). ii. The Organisation shall have full legal personality. iii. The legal capacity of the Organisation shall include: (a) the capacity to contract; (b) to sue and be sued in its name; and (c) to acquire, hold and dispose of properties. iv. The location of the Organisation shall be in Dhaka, Bangladesh. v. The Organisation shall be a regional organisation which will conduct its affairs under the provisions of this Agreement, its Statutes, Rules of Procedure and bye laws. vi. Adoption of the Organisation’s decisions shall be by consensus. Article 2 Objectives and Functions ...
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...relation to individual differences • Skills of analysis, evaluation and application in relation to individual differences • Knowledge and understanding of research methods associated with this area of psychology • Knowledge and understanding of ethical issues associated with this area of psychology. |Content outline | |Social influence |Conformity (majority influence) and explanations of why people conform, including informational | | |social influence and normative social influence | | | | | |Types of conformity, including internalisation and compliance | | | | | |Obedience to authority, including Milgram’s work and explanations of why people obey | |Social...
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...resource dependence to predicting the strategic responses for institutional processes. Purpose or goal statement The purpose of the article is to identify the various strategic responses that organizations can apply in light of increased institutional pressures towards conformity and to develop a preliminary conceptual framework that can predict the emergence of alternative strategies (Oliver, 2009). Research questions 1. Which factors influence organizational strategy in response to the institutional processes? 2. What is the degree of organizational conformity or resistance to institutional pressure? 3. Is there convergence in institutional and resource dependence insights to institutional process? Research hypothesis Organizational theory is able to accommodate interest-seeking and other pertinent and active organizational behavior where the institution’s response to organizational pressures and expectations are not presumed as almost passive and conforming across all organizational conditions. Key variables 1. Institutional factors or framework 2. Resource factors How they are operationally defined The operational definition of these key variables is based on assumptions about two critical elements within the organizational process i.e., the context and motive of organizational behavior. These assumptions were on the ability and willingness of the aforementioned elements to predict strategic organizational...
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...Introduction: Beximco Textiles Ltd. (the “Company”) was incorporated in Bangladesh as a Public Limited Company with limited liability on 8 March 1994 and commenced commercial operation in 1995 and also went into the public issue of shares and debentures in the same year. The shares of the Company are listed in the Dhaka and Chittagong Stock Exchanges of Bangladesh. Bextex Ltd. is the most modern composite mill in the region. Bextex Ltd. has an installed capacity of 299 high-speed air-jet looms in its weaving section and a high-tech dyeing and finishing section with a capacity of 100,000 yards of finished fabric per day. This company is located at the BeximcoIndustrial Park. Strong business ethics, excellences in business, creating a productive work environment, continuous improvement through sound corporate governance and dynamic employee Engagement have been at the function of the organization to become the leading composite factory in Bangladesh. General Information about the factory: FACTORY NAME: BEXIMCO TEXTILES LIMITED LOCATION: Beximco Industrial Park, Chokroborty, (5 km north from DEPZ ) Address : Operational HQ Beximco Textiles Limited, BeximcoIndustrial Park, Sarabo, Kashimpur, Gazipur. Corporate HQ 17 Dhanmondi R/A, Road No. 2 Dhaka -1205, Bangladesh Phone: 880-2-8611891-5, 8618220-7 9677701-5, 7701165 E-mail: beximchq@bextex.net Web Site: www.bextex.net ...
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...Duties of the seller in a C.I.F contract and its counterpart: the right of rejection of the buyer ‘A C.I.F. contract ... is a type of contract which is more widely and more frequently in use than any other contract used for the purposes of sea-borne commerce’ . Nowadays, it is necessary to ensure the international trade throughout the world and in so doing, a seller and a buyer coming from different countries and entering into a contract of sale can have various interpretations about trading practices. Moreover, such contracts expose the both parties to a lot of risks and more than in a purely domestic sale because for instance of the physical risks associated with transport of goods, financial risks, political risks and also legal risks if a foreign system of law is involved Thus, in order to avoid those risks and to make it simply, the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) has established from 1936, but subsequently revised, a set of rules for the interpretation of trade terms, also known as incoterms or international commercial terms, which are used to divide transaction costs and responsibilities between buyer and seller and reflect transportation practices. Therefore, the different interpretations of such terms can be avoided or at least reduced considerably. Amongst those incoterms, there exists the C.I.F (Cost, Insurance and Freight) contract. This latter trade term is not defined by English law but rather its terms have been worked out judicially...
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