...Minimum Wage Debate Sarah Campbell May 8, 2013 Abstract In 1938 the Fair Labor Standards Act established a federal minimum wage. Minimum wage has continuously increased throughout the years due to interest rates and the value of a dollar. Since its introduction the minimum wage has risen from 25 cents an hour to 7.25 dollars per hour in 2009. In President Obama’s recent State of the Union Address he states, “Working folks shouldn’t have to wait year after year for the minimum wage to go up while CEO pay has never been higher.” He hopes to raise the minimum wage by 2014 to 9 dollars per hour. Following the President’s support on minimum wage increase Sen. Tom Harkin (Democrat-Iowa) and Rep. George Miller (Democrat-California) formalized a proposal known as S.460, the Fair Minimum Wage Act of 2013 to increase the minimum wage by 2015 to $10.10. This proposal includes increasing the minimum wage (in three incremental increases of $.95) and then indexing it to inflation (“as prices rise, so would the minimum wage” (Cooper, Hall 2013)). Also, the tipped minimum wage (the minimum wage paid to workers who earn a portion of their wages in tips) would be increased in $0.85 increments from its current value of $2.13 per hour, where it has languished since 1991, until it reaches 70 percent of the regular minimum wage (Cooper, Hall 2013). However, in the current tough economic times many people argue that an increased minimum wage will only hurt and that the minimum wage should...
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...society, “women generally don’t find themselves having to choose just one role for themselves. A woman can be wife, mother, entrepreneur, professional, career-minded, and any number of other things all at the same time…” (Amos, 2010) The man’s role in society has also changed vastly in the past thirty years from sole-earner to primary-earner in most cases, as well as fathers who are more involved in raising the family and assisting in domestic chores. Even with these shifts traditional gender roles are just below the surface. Ms. Wingo, with whom I chose to compare the change of gender roles, grew up being taught that women had to date and marry a man, and that he would take care of her. That was the role of the woman; find and marry a man who will take care of her financially while she looked after the home and raised the children. There was no allowance for wanting a life of her own, or to allow for a partner of the same gender. It was against social culture at the time for a woman be single or to have a relationship with another woman. Thanks to organised feminist groups, this is no longer the case today; at least it isn’t the case on the surface of society. Women are free to remain single to focus on their own lives and careers, choose their partner regardless of gender and if they decide to marry, they have the right to keep working and have their own...
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..._______________ is an individual on the payroll who does not actually work for the organization. a. Falsified employee b. Phantom employee c. Ghost employee d. Shell employee 2. Which of the following is not a type of payroll scheme? a. Ghost employee scheme b. False deduction scheme c. Falsified hours and salary scheme d. Commission scheme 3. Marsha Wood added her one-year-old niece, Jackie, to the payroll at JNC Company and began issuing paychecks in Jackie’s name, even though Jackie did not work for the organization. Marsha’s niece is not considered a ghost employee because she is a real individual rather than a fictitious person. a. True b. False 4. Which of the following is not necessary for a ghost employee scheme to succeed? a. Timekeeping and wage rate information must be collected. b. The ghost must be added to the payroll. c. The perpetrator must have access to a bank account in the ghost employee’s name. d. A paycheck must be issued to the ghost. 5. To safeguard against ghost employee schemes, the person in charge of entering new employees in the payroll system should also distribute the paychecks so that he or she can look for payments to unauthorized employees. a. True b. False 6. If a fraudster fails to remove a terminated employee from the payroll and collects the former employee’s fraudulent paychecks, he or she is committing a: a. Payroll larceny scheme b. Falsified hours and salary scheme c. Forged endorsement scheme d. Ghost employee scheme 7. Salaried ghost employees are...
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...successful operation of organisations, problems can occur in both the public sector in healthcare through doctor-patient-pharmaceutical company relationships and also in government, whilst more commonly known in the private sector through labour and investor related problems. This report will evaluate the effects of the principal-agent problem within firms by considering real world examples of where they may have occurred and what methods organisations use to address the issue. Empirical Evidence Empirical evidenceThere is however considerable empirical evidence of a positive effect of compensation on performance (although the studies usually involve “simple” jobs where aggregate measures of performance are available, which is where piece rates should be most effective). In one study, Lazear (1996) saw productivity rising by 44% (and wages by 10%) in a change from salary to piece rates, with a half of the productivity gain due to worker selection effects. Research shows that pay for performance increases performance when the task at hand is more repetitive, and reduces performance when the task at hand requires more creative thinking.[2] Paarsch and Shearer (1996) also find evidence supportive of incentive and productivity effects from piece rates, as do Banker, Lee, and Potter (1996), although the latter do not distinguish between incentive and worker...
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...1.4 The macroeconomic impacts of oil price shocks 1.4.1 A short history of a controversial topic Since the 1973 OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) oil embargo, the role of rapid, unanticipated increases in oil prices has been a topic of intense interest, among both economists and the lay public. Considering the magnitude of widespread national recessions during the 1970s, the controversy surrounding research on the macroeconomics of oil price shocks may seem surprising: why would anyone doubt the capacity of oil price shocks to cause the major movements in GDP (Gross Domestic Product) which have been observed in so many countries? Possibly most important in fueling the controversy is the small share of GDP that oil and its close substitutes have comprised in most economies: 1.5% to 3% prior to the 1973 episode. Experienced macroeconomists doubted that even a sizeable shock to such a small part of the economy could have the observed effects. Second, the 1973 episode itself was not a clean experiment because a number of other major factors were emerging at the same time. The world economy was just getting off the post-Bretton Woods fixed exchange rate regime. A number of countries, including the United States, was teetering on the brink of recession at the time of the 1973 shock; in the United States in particular, monetary policy tightened right around the time of the 1973 shock. Separating these effects and deciding the role ...
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...Home › Social Awareness › Facts About Sweatshops Facts About Sweatshops BY ENDMODERNSLAVERY - PUBLISHED: 11/24/2013 - SECTION: SOCIAL AWARENESS One of the most galling things about Western culture at the moment is the sense of entitlement. Many of us have government funding for support or hold down full-time jobs. The majority of Western countries have modern human rights laws and will help anybody who is in trouble or distress, within reason. The sense of entitlement leads many of us who have perfectly healthy, enjoyable lives to feel that we are the ones on the end of a hard time from fate. However, have you ever considered the conditions in other parts of the world? You may think you are having a hard time, but when is the last time you were forced to work two or three days in a row? When was the last time you considered how lucky you are to be able to splurge on apair of expensive shoes? One thing you should be thinking about in this situation is where these expensive extras you have are actually coming from. Your clothes tend to be made, wrongly, by sweatshops owned by the huge corporations that you buy from. Those who work in sweatshops are desperately unlucky to have to do so – the rate of pay is pathetic, working conditions tend to be poor, and human rights violations are almost constant. Here are just some facts that you should understand about working in a sweatshop. It may help you create some gratitude for your own lifestyle, or realize just how hard some people...
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...A Level Playing Field By: Elaine Nescio PSL200 T-TH 11:00 The international bestselling book The World is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty First Century by Thomas L. Friedman analyzes globalization in the early 21st century. Throughout the book Friedman helps the reader view the world on a level playing field, where the traditional issues of historical and geographical divisions are becoming irrelevant and all competitors have an equal opportunity. Friedman examines the influences shaping businesses and competition in a technology fueled global environment. Supporting his ideas with interviews, case studies and statistics Friedman sends the message to his readers that they need to be prepared because the flattening world waits for no one. The flattening of the world however is not something that happens over night. In fact this process has been happening over a number of years but has become more noticeable after the turn of the century. Throughout “The World is Flat” you will find Friedman believes are the ten major factors causing the flattening of the world, how the United States should approach the flattening world, and how Friedman comes to his conclusions. Thomas Friedman’s trip to India is where he first notices that the playing field has been leveled and that global knowledge is available to a much larger audience. Friedman argues that the world is “going from size small to size tiny” (10). The flattening of the world entails that we are now connecting...
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...State terrorism is often a neglected phenomenon in terrorism studies. Discuss how terrorism has been used as a weapon by states over the past 50 years. Is state terrorism fundamentally different from non-state terrorism? Introduction Within this essay I will discuss how states have used terrorism as a weapon over the past 50 to achieve strategic goals. I will then go on to discuss whether it is fundamentally different from non-state terrorism. To start with we must understand what is meant by a weapon. Encyclopaedia Britannica defines a weapon as “An instrument used in combat for the purpose of killing, injuring, or defeating an enemy.” (Britannica 2013). The Oxford English dictionary defines weapon as “An instrument of any kind used in warfare or in combat to attack and overcome an enemy.” (OED 2013). It is clear from both definitions that a weapon is used in combat against an enemy to overcome them. The act is deliberate in such that it is intentional, not by accident. Therefore this essay will examine cases that terrorism is used by the state deliberately, there must be “mens rea” present. Some states can also be defined as a failed state “A state that is failing has several attributes. One of the most common is the loss of physical control of its territory or a monopoly on the legitimate use of force. Other attributes of state failure include the erosion of legitimate authority to make collective decisions, an inability to provide reasonable public services...
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...Table of Content RYANAIR THE COMPANY 3 Section A 4 Slow Growth 4 The impact of slow growth on the industry 4 Taxation 4 ECONOMIC FACTORS 5 Unemployment 5 GNP trends 5 Inflation 5 Exchange rates 5 Interest rates 6 Security Factors 6 The Threat of close substitutes and rivals 7 HIGH FIXED COSTS; 7 AIRPORTS 7 PORTER’S FIVE FORCES 9 Threat of new entrants 9 Suppliers: 9 Buyers: 9 Substitutes: 9 Competitive rivalry: 9 Section B 10 Firm Infrastructure 10 Human Resource Management 10 Technology Development 11 Procurement 12 Inbound logistics 12 Operations 12 Outbound logistics 13 Marketing and Sales 13 Service 13 Margin 14 Joint Venture 14 SECTION C 15 Ryanair Business Strategy 15 Low Fares: 15 Customer service: 15 Frequent Point-to-Point Flights on Short-Haul Routes: 15 Low Operating Costs: 15 Taking Advantage of the Internet: 16 Commitment to Safety and Quality Maintenance: 16 Enhancement of Operating Results through Ancillary Services: 16 Analysis of the airline business models 16 Ryanair’s strategy in future: 17 Focused Criteria for Growth: 17 New Aircraft-markers: 18 New design ‘standing seats’ 18 SWOT Analysis 19 Strengths 19 Weakness 19 Opportunities 19 Threats 19 BIBLIOGRAPHY 20 RYANAIR THE COMPANY The company was incorporated in 1995 and became Ryanair limited, and in 1996 it changed to a holding company for Ryanair limited. Registered...
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...This title is part of the IDH Case Study Series, published in December 2010. Another title in this IDH Case Study Series is: • nilever sustainable tea, Part II: U Reaching out to smallholders IDH also has a Best Practices Series, whose titles include: • Marketing sustainability • Sustainable sourcing among SME’s • Beyond auditing • Sustainable trading • Retailers and sustainability • Sustainable sourcing and procurement Case study Unilever sustainable tea Part I: Leapfrogging to mainstream y Tania Braga, B Aileen Ionescu-Somers and Ralf Seifert, IMD’s Center for Corporate Sustainability Management Dutch Sustainable Trade Initiative (Initiatief Duurzame Handel) Utrecht, The Netherlands www.dutchsustainabletrade.com office@dutchsustainabletrade.com Foreword A tipping point happens when a critical mass of people begin to shift their perception of an issue and take action in a new direction. As I look across the global landscape, I feel that we are approaching a tipping point concerning global sustainability. It is catalyzed by at least three important realizations by business, government, and civil society: The first is a realization that the world is finite and that a growing population with a higher ambition for living standards will inevitably lead to a world which will be resource and carbon constrained. The second is the realization that to solve the challenges for this future world we need systems solutions. We cannot solve individual...
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...This title is part of the IDH Case Study Series, published in December 2010. Another title in this IDH Case Study Series is: • nilever sustainable tea, Part II: U Reaching out to smallholders IDH also has a Best Practices Series, whose titles include: • Marketing sustainability • Sustainable sourcing among SME’s • Beyond auditing • Sustainable trading • Retailers and sustainability • Sustainable sourcing and procurement Case study Unilever sustainable tea Part I: Leapfrogging to mainstream Tania Braga, By Aileen Ionescu-Somers and Ralf Seifert, IMD’s Center for Corporate Sustainability Management Dutch Sustainable Trade Initiative (Initiatief Duurzame Handel) Utrecht, The Netherlands www.dutchsustainabletrade.com office@dutchsustainabletrade.com Foreword A tipping point happens when a critical mass of people begin to shift their perception of an issue and take action in a new direction. As I look across the global landscape, I feel that we are approaching a tipping point concerning global sustainability. It is catalyzed by at least three important realizations by business, government, and civil society: The first is a realization that the world is finite and that a growing population with a higher ambition for living standards will inevitably lead to a world which will be resource and carbon constrained. The second is the realization that to solve the challenges for this future world we need systems solutions. We cannot solve individual problems in silos. The...
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...This title is part of the IDH Case Study Series, published in December 2010. Another title in this IDH Case Study Series is: • nilever sustainable tea, Part II: U Reaching out to smallholders IDH also has a Best Practices Series, whose titles include: • Marketing sustainability • Sustainable sourcing among SME’s • Beyond auditing • Sustainable trading • Retailers and sustainability • Sustainable sourcing and procurement Case study Unilever sustainable tea Part I: Leapfrogging to mainstream Tania Braga, By Aileen Ionescu-Somers and Ralf Seifert, IMD’s Center for Corporate Sustainability Management Dutch Sustainable Trade Initiative (Initiatief Duurzame Handel) Utrecht, The Netherlands www.dutchsustainabletrade.com office@dutchsustainabletrade.com Foreword A tipping point happens when a critical mass of people begin to shift their perception of an issue and take action in a new direction. As I look across the global landscape, I feel that we are approaching a tipping point concerning global sustainability. It is catalyzed by at least three important realizations by business, government, and civil society: The first is a realization that the world is finite and that a growing population with a higher ambition for living standards will inevitably lead to a world which will be resource and carbon constrained. The second is the realization that to solve the challenges for this future world we need systems solutions....
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...MEDIA AND COMMUNICATION TABLE OF CONTENTS: INTRODUCTION/ OVERVIEW TRENDS AND OPPORTUNITIES SKILLS AND LICENCES REQUIRED ENTRY AND PROGRESSION TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT PROFESSIONAL BODIES INVOLVED SOURCES OF REFERENCE LINKS TO RESOURCES INTRODUCTION/ OVERVIEW The large and diverse media and communications industry assumes a central role within most economies. The industry covers a range of occupations and media, including: radio, television and film; print media; internet content development; advertising; public relations; speech writing; and design. The industry is highly concentrated and production is dominated by a small amount of large firms that are able to shape the industry’s direction and price levels The media and communications industry encompasses a wide variety of establishments. The media segment includes motion picture/video producers who create movies, television shows, and other videos to sell to broadcasters; publishers who produce and distribute items such as books, newspapers, magazines, and CDs, excluding software; and television and radio broadcasters. Telecommunications is another segment of the industry. It includes both equipment from cables to telephones to services such as wireless carriers or cable providers. Telecommunications is what makes voice, data, and video communication possible, resulting in the information age. A new, quickly rising segment is the use of the internet for new media...
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...Schuberth, Michael Mancini, and Hansjörg Hofrichter 1 Picture a breezy spring morning at the beach. White-tipped waves roll rhythmically up the sand, washing away footprints like a blackboard eraser on a classroom blackboard. A group of children on a school outing marches purposefully along the shore through the edge of the frothy waves. A couple of eager kids stride out in front. The teacher walking along with the main group of the class notices that one of the boys is lagging behind. The teacher slows her step to find out why this child is not keeping up with his class. There are several possibilities: 1. The child is unable to keep up with the group, due to some disability, physical or emotional, or simply exhaustion for lack of sleep or nourishment; 2. The child is unwilling to keep up with the group, due to a lack of interest or, perhaps, a surfeit of distractions along the way; or 3. The child does not know how to keep up with the group, possibly because he is new to this experience and has not been taught how to hold his balance against the waves. In each of these cases, the teacher will respond differently. In the first case, she may scoop up the boy and carry him, or ply him with a quick snack or a sip of water. In the second, she may draw his attention to something of interest up ahead or coax him with some gentle words of sympathy and encouragement. Or, in the final case, she may teach him how to high-step through the waves without losing his balance. In each of these three...
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.................................................................. 1 2. Will I be required to offer health insurance coverage to my employees? .......................... 1 3. When will this requirement be effective? .......................................................................... 1 4. We have between 50 and 99 full-time employees (including full-time equivalents). Will we have to do anything in order to qualify for the delay until 2016? ....................................... 1 5. Our plan is self-funded. Will we have to do anything as a result of this new law? ............ 2 6. We are a governmental entity. Do we have to comply with this legislation? ..................... 2 7. As a self funded non-Federal governmental plan, can we still opt out of the requirements of HIPAA including Mental Health Parity?......................................................................... 2...
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