...Teacher Salaries, State Collective Bargaining Laws, and Union Coverage Barry T. Hirsch, Georgia State University David A. Macpherson, Trinity University John V. Winters, University of Cincinnati Initial draft, June 2010 Current draft, December 2012 Abstract What are the causal effects of collective bargaining (CB) on teacher salaries? This seemingly simple question is difficult to answer because (a) national data measuring school district salaries and collective bargaining is limited in scope, while individual teacher data from the CPS mismeasure CB coverage; (b) union wage effects depend not only on coverage but also on an array of CB law provisions difficult to quantify; (c) union coverage and state CB laws are endogenous since each has been influenced by union sentiment among workers and voters; and (d) OLS estimates of the wage effect of CB coverage and laws may be biased by measurement error and endogeneity. We attempt to address these issues using measures of historical labor sentiment, by creating indices of CB law strength, and by using alternative national data sets containing information on teacher salaries and coverage. As in prior studies, we find modest union salary effects for teachers using standard methods, albeit smaller than found for the private sector. A union benefits premium estimated from SASS substantially exceeds the salary premium. Estimates of CB law and coverage effects using IV (with historical data measuring labor sentiment...
Words: 14690 - Pages: 59
...And Then There Were None by AGATHA CHRISTIE CHAPTER 1 IN THE CORNER of a first-class smoking carriage, Mr. Justice Wargrave, lately retired from the bench, puffed at a cigar and ran an interested eye through the political news in the Times. He laid the paper down and glanced out of the window. They were running now through Somerset. He glanced at his watch-another two hours to go. He went over in his mind all that had appeared in the papers about Indian Island. There had been its original purchase by an American millionaire who was crazy about yachting-and an account of the luxurious modern house he had built on this little island off the Devon coast. The unfortunate fact that the new third wife of the American millionaire was a bad sailor had led to the subsequent putting up of the house and island for sale. Various glowing advertisements of it had appeared in the papers. Then came the first bald statement that it had been bought-by a Mr. Owen. After that the rurnours of the gossip writers had started. Indian Island had really been bought by Miss Gabrielle Turl, the Hollywood film star! She wanted to spend some months there free from all publicity! Busy Bee had hinted delicately that it was to be an abode for Royalty??! Mr. Merryweather had had it whispered to him that it had been bought for a honeymoon-Young Lord L-- had surrendered to Cupid at last! Jonas knew for a fact that it had been purchased by the Admiralty with a view to carrying out some very hush hush experiments...
Words: 53558 - Pages: 215
..."It is perfectly clear. Mr. Owen is one of us….” (Christie 150). These famous words from Agatha Christie’s novel, And Then There Were None, would define the murder mystery genre for generations to come. Her use of many literary devices, such as foreshadowing, symbolism, and similes, allowed her to truly express herself. Agatha Christie utilized the gramophone as foreshadowing for the identity of the killer, the 10 solider boys as a motif for the characters’ deaths, and the seaweed as a symbol of guilt and regret all to add suspense to her novel, And Then There Were None. The gramophone in Agatha Christie’s novel, And Then There Were None, foreshadowed who among them was Mr. Owen, thus adding suspense to the story. Near the beginning of the book, all of the characters gather to eat dinner, when suddenly a...
Words: 850 - Pages: 4
...And Then There Were None Agatha Christie ← Plot Overview → Eight people, all strangers to each other, are invited to Indian Island, off the English coast. Vera Claythorne, a former governess, thinks she has been hired as a secretary; Philip Lombard, an adventurer, and William Blore, an ex-detective, think they have been hired to look out for trouble over the weekend; Dr. Armstrong thinks he has been hired to look after the wife of the island’s owner. Emily Brent, General Macarthur, Tony Marston, and Judge Wargrave think they are going to visit old friends. When they arrive on the island, the guests are greeted by Mr. and Mrs. Rogers, the butler and housekeeper, who report that the host, someone they call Mr. Owen, will not arrive until the next day. That evening, as all the guests gather in the drawing room after an excellent dinner, they hear a recorded voice accusing each of them of a specific murder committed in the past and never uncovered. They compare notes and realize that none of them, including the servants, knows “Mr. Owen,” which suggests that they were brought here according to someone’s strange plan. As they discuss what to do, Tony Marston chokes on poisoned whiskey and dies. Frightened, the party retreats to bed, where almost everyone is plagued by guilt and memories of their crimes. Vera Claythorne notices the similarity between the death of Marston and the first verse of a nursery rhyme, “Ten Little Indians,” that hangs in each bedroom. The next morning...
Words: 4161 - Pages: 17
...Dhabi as the UAE’s most dynamic forward-thinking real estate market by creating unique and prestigious developments that can be used as a benchmark of quality, whilst adhering to the cultural and natural heritage of the city. Aldar’s Portfolio of Projects and Properties • Aldar owns over 50 million square metres of land in strategic locations through the Emirate • Diverse development portfolio of residential, office, retail and entertainment projects • The current property portfolio includes major developments and re-developments within the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. • The projects included in Aldar strategic Partnership Programme are those that will be finished before Q2 2011: • Ferrari World Abu Dhabi • Yas Links Golf Course • Al Raha Beach (Al Zeina, Al Bandar, Al Muneera) • The Yas Hotel • Aldar Academies (The...
Words: 1805 - Pages: 8
...Toast Box is a company related to Bread Talk which sells Singapore style of breakfast like kaya butter toast and traditional Nanyang coffee. This company was established in December as a food stall unit of Food Republic Wisma Atria in Singapore. After that, Toast Box has fast expanded with more than 30 stores to provide the best service and products to their customers. Now, this Singapore local company has been well received in other places, expanding its foothold in Malaysia, Thailand, Philippines, Hong Kong and China. As we known, environment forces can affect companies’ ability to serve its customers. Environment can be divided into two parts: macroenvironment and microenvironment. The two parts have its different effects. Toast Box, one of the most popular Singapore style breakfast sellers, also affected by macro environment and microenvironment. As for macro environment, in my opinion, cultural will be the most important part of macro environment to affect Toast Box efficiently. It is often said that when a place start to have their own breakfast “culture ", there will no longer be a sleazy city. Several years ago, many hainanese worked on British ships as cooking helpers. When they arrived in the British colonies now constituting Singapore and Malaysia, they started selling the foods which they prepared for the British, including coffee and French toast, to the local populations. They replaced the Western jams by the British with native coconut jams. This native coconut...
Words: 1383 - Pages: 6
...for a draw, let him know When I see him, I'm gonna spin his jaw Take man's Twix by force, send man shop by force Your girl knows I've got the sauce, no ketchup Just sauce, raw sauce Boom, yo, gah The ting goes skrrrahh, pap, pap, ka-ka-ka Skibiki-pap-pap, and a pu-pu-pudrrrr-boom Skya, du-du-ku-ku-dun-dun Poom, poom You dun know, Big Shaq, ha, yo, yeah-yeah Alright, fire-fire-fire in the booth You get me, man's not hot I tell her man's not hot, hah, cot I tell her man's not hot The girl told me, "Take off your jacket" I said, "Babes, man's not hot" Yo, man can never be hot Perspiration ting, Lynx effect [Outro: Roadman Shaq & Charlie Sloth] Yo, you dun know Dun know, y-you You look a bit shook, Charlie You look a bit hot What's that? Y-y-ya sweating and that again Brudda, man don't make jokes with me, Charlie Aight, aight, aight, cool, yeah Yeah, man, listen, you're-you're cool and that Yeah, yeah, dun know Do you understand what I'm saying? You're cool and that (yeah, yeah) but I know how you look ennit, (yeah) do you understand what I'm saying? (yeah) I don't wanna set the, you know, the goons on you Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah-yeah-yeah-yeah You know like that? Aight, cool, don't take me for one of these boys and that, do you know what I'm sayin'? Man's really about it...
Words: 480 - Pages: 2
...In Chapter three titled “Cyanides (HCN, KCN, NaCN)” of The Poisoner’s Handbook by Deborah Blum, Fremont Jackson and Annie were found dead in their bathroom at the, The Hotel Margaret, police immediately guessed that it could have been a double suicide though investigators didn’t find anything that could have been used to kill themselves. A medical examiner later did an autopsy and found out that cyanide could have been the cause of there death. Cyanide is an element, which is in groups, hydrogen cyanide made up of hydrogen, carbon, and nitrogen atoms, potassium cyanide is a white poisonous salt, and sodium cyanide which can also be the white poisonous salt. This element is related to Mr. and Mrs. Jackson death because cyanide poisoned them...
Words: 288 - Pages: 2
...Introduction + Tone/Meaning The song, written by rapper Tupac Shakur, Keep Ya Head is a song dedicated to black woman. It's a self-love feminist anthem, that showed that Tupac care about the woman in his community. The message of the song is conveyed clearly and concisely, and although it uses similes, metaphors, symbolism, and other literary devices to get the point across, the message is very clear. The song is very upbeat and positive, like it is a song to uplift people, particularly the black woman. It meant to say, life is gonna get better, and no matter what happens you just gotta keep your head up. Song Interpretation The first verse tackles the abuse black woman face from black men, questioning their actions. For example, he says, in the song, “I wonder why we take from our women, Why we rape our women, do we hate our women?, think it’s time to kill for our women, Time to heal our women, be real to our...
Words: 964 - Pages: 4
...the only 1, that’s easy mathematics Girl you’re the only 1, im updating my status Got those body guard arms for ya baby Look at these abs Don’t stop, jump on top, make it pop If you wanna kill the body You gotta start will good head Lay it on you, call me fred ima bout to break your bed Cause I luh yo pussy I didn’t know it but I know it now Think I need you and I need you now Aint had none like you in a while I Luh Ya Pussy, I Luh Ya Pussy I Luh Ya, Luh Ya, Luh Ya, Luh Ya Pussy 3x Yeah That’s My Coochie I luh ya, luh ya, luh ya, luh ya pussy I lay it down for bitch like you Give it to you passionately aggressive, like the notebook Since our first kiss im in need of some of this, that’s you And you’re loving roger all real and true All day, 24 hour I still want you even when it’s crowded Make The neighbors know my name, shout it Girl, you the bae, go ahead and pave the way, ayy And trust it just me and you, don’t dare doubt it You can twerk it how you want I ain’t gunna call you Miley Im loving me some you Started from the bottom baby Then you went and blossomed Cause I luh ya pussy I didn’t know it but I know it now Think I need you and I need you now Aint had none like you in a while I Luh Ya Pussy, I Luh Ya Pussy I Luh Ya, Luh Ya, Luh Ya, Luh Ya Pussy 3x Yeah That’s My Coochie I luh ya, luh ya, luh ya, luh ya pussy [French Montana:] I love you, mami, I-I love you, mami Baby, you the shit, I-I love you, mami Shorty got...
Words: 588 - Pages: 3
...------------------------------------------------- SOME WORDS OF ADVICE EBCTT Assignment Submitted By: Paul Mathews 221087 Submitted By: Paul Mathews 221087 IN A SUBWAY STATION - DAY A WOMAN WITH A BOOK who is waiting for the train sits in the middle of a bench reading a brainy, yet hot current best seller. There are empty seats on either side of her. The other seats are taken. A garbled train announcement comes over the public address system. ALL THE PEOPLE WAITING for the train strain their ears to make sense of the announcement, but it's just gibberish. They all look at each other as if to say, "Wha?" Nobody gives it much further thought. They continue reading, chatting, listening to Walkmans. Somewhat down the platform, JOEY and FREDDY are going through the turnstiles. Their conversation is well in progress. They make their way down the platform toward the bench. We don't hear what they're saying because...
Words: 1241 - Pages: 5
...message, half dez niggas like pause cause they question they sexuality. Don’t seem like that hard of a question. Soldier Imma Soldier, to my enemies I always been a menace, if tupac was alive he coulda used my presence. I take you to that next level and charge you an arm and a leg, but then I might just ta ya money instead, Im probly the hungriest young nigga you met if we met, we probly have. We probly done bad, they probly got us so we take everything they got that’s got to do with math, I got weed inside my bag, Imma bermy boy no triangle, dats all niggas needa be reppin, maybe a real nigga should step in, the bible right, glock my left hand, I used to wanna nigga to act bad, but now its just whatever, that’s the hash talkin |but that| |hash just| |settled in| I aint gon tolerate none of that smack talkin, I got |weapons| |on top| of |weapons| Amen. Verse Sometimes I loose my way, I don’t know the words to say, but cant never maintain, roll shru den I dip out now you stained, why settle for less when we can take a trip to spain, I came from some wolves, I don had my first taste. I land on my feet without a trace, im smoother than ya momma when she all over ya neighbor, I cant trust these hoes, but God loves so hard He give um favor, what these hoes don’t know that my favor got some flavor. I think I’m above the average man it and you should feel the same. Yea you think with how you feel and I think wit my brain, half these hoes think wit they pussy and end up...
Words: 388 - Pages: 2
...His boney hands. Do. Not. Belong. There. You whip your hand around to smack the pervert across the face, only to be met with your hand stopping near inches from his face. No hand stopped you, no other physical entity stopping it from reaching his skull. It just kind of...hovered there in a slightly red light. Your face contorted to that of confusion and struggled. It was no use. You couldn’t wiggle free. Your eyes caught the skeleton’s. That ass was smiling. “Let...me...go!” You try to struggle again. “*no can do, toots.” “TOOTS?!” Of course this version of Sans was going be be worse than the other guy. The other guy was carrying, an annoying caring guy, but caring none-the-less. This asswhipe on the other hand has already...
Words: 1624 - Pages: 7
...Spades Kingdom. The two girls approached the kingdom walls cautiously, uncertain of what beast would try to jump them. They couldn't take any chances. "Hey there, ladies~" greeted a young man as he walked up to the two of them. "What're ya gals doing here? Gonna try out the ferris wheel?" Jade eyed the young man carefully and stood between the stranger and Summer. "What? I just finished finished it," he said with a pout. "So what're ya gals here for?" "Black onyx," Jade said without hesitation. "We're giving our weapons a personal touch," Summer explained. "What? You're just gonna grab and go? That ain't any fun!" the man whined. Summer looked around the kingdom. There was a variety of attractions there like the ferris wheel the young man had mentioned, but there was also the merry-go-round and the rollercoaster that seems to span across the kingdom itself. Her eyes seemed to sparkle with excitement. "It wouldn't hurt to have some fun here," Jade said after seeing the look in Summer's eyes. "Shweet!" the young man said with a big grin on his face. "What d'ya gals wanna start with first? The merry-go-round? The games?" "How about your name?" Jade said curtly. "What? Ya don't know of Spades Kingdoms' Guardians?" Jade just stared at the young man, he certainly bared a great resemblance to the one that gave the local news. "It's Letto, right?" Summer asked, wondering if the young man had a guise when giving...
Words: 1644 - Pages: 7
...Among the ten generally accepted auditing standards is the standard that requires an auditor to have independence in mental attitude. As with so many rules and guidelines set forth by the government and numerous other organizations, the interpretations of many of these rules can be vastly subjective. During the case against Health Management’s founder Clifford Hotte, his co conspirators and the auditors at BDO Seidman the defendant’s attorney Michael Young brought forth the idea that according to the generally accepted auditing standards that requires an independence of mental attitude it never formally states that a friendship between an auditor and the client is be completely prohibited. The dilemma with deciphering the interpretation of the standard is determining where the line should be drawn between these relationships and the auditor’s ability to maintain these relationships and the independence considered necessary to give an unbiased opinion when it comes time to write a report that is unprejudiced and reliable to the public and investors at large. Let us begin with Health Management’s CEO Clifford Hotte and CFO Drew Bergman’s 1995 inventory fraud scandal by which author Michael C. Knapp’s assertion could be considered as one of the least ingenious corporate fraud scams to date. The objective was to increase inventory as well as make minor adjustments to a small number of other accounts in order to reach the companies target earnings as reported by analysts previously...
Words: 1813 - Pages: 8
