5/28/2015

Test 4 essay questions revised

China’s government has sponsored a mass migrations of its people from rural areas to urban areas. The government of the Chinese wants to move away from agriculture due to its poor contribution to the nation’s national revenue. Due to the poor agriculture depends on the weather for rice needs water and wheat in time of dry climates. Since the migration of people into the urban areas has begun to turn into an exodus from the juggles and country side to the urbanized parts of China.

A fifth of China’s population lived in the urbanized parts before the migrations started to be mandated and only 1.3 billion lived in the cities. In the last two or three decades the world’s most populated country has seen the largest migration in human kind history. The once agriculture first economy is now being shaped into an industrialization based economy. The migration hit a milestone when in 2011, 51% of the population lived in urbanized areas with 7 billion at least that have all moved away from the outskirts. This new migration makes up double the population of the United States of America.

The salaries of the people who work in urbanized areas is triple to those who work in rural areas. The reason for the migration is the Chinese government attempt to boost rural economies in order to balance the wealth in the country. Urbanization has shifted the population by about 70 to 80 percent of its old rural inhabitants. The urbanization allows citizens to have access to jobs, education, healthcare and other goods and services for millions of people in China.

California especially among many states in the United States of America rely heavily on ground water. Ground water comes from the surface water supplies of natural landscape recharge and water irrigation for agriculture. When aquifers become depleted, it must recharge and by doing so it depletes storages of water. According to the California water blog “Due to decreasing groundwater levels, land subsidence is recurring and remains a threat in these regions. While physically remarkable, there has been insufficient analysis of the occurrence and implications of subsidence and little accounting of the long-term economic costs. However, regional subsidence can incur potentially large costs from flooding and insufficient slopes on canal and drainage systems.”

Land subsidence is commonly associated with local collapse of sub surface cavities known as sinkhole. The cause of sinkholes are from ground water pumping and by over drafting the water supply. Certain rocks tend to be specifically vulnerable to land subsidence and the effects. The dissolution in the water with the formations of cavities made of salt, gypsum, and limestone these rocks are most associated with catastrophic sinkhole activity.

Land subsidence is as obvious of the occurrence of sinkholes and mine collapse. Where the pumping or drainage of organic soil happens land subsidence is often found nearby. Once land subsidence has been discovered program can be implemented to ensure safety for residence. New methods can be created to ensure land subsidence will no longer cause harm to people by water supplies, sinkholes, and other possible disasters due to water being over drafted from aquifers.

Work Cited

"California's Groundwater Problems and Prospects." California WaterBlog. World Press, 31 Jan. 2013. Web. 28 May 2015.

"China Transformed by Urban Migration." Open Knowledge. Allianz, 22 Jan. 2012. Web. 28 May 2015.

"Land Subsidence in the United States." USGS Groundwater Information: Land Subsidence in the U.S. (USGS Fact Sheet 165-00). USGS03, 03 Jan. 2013. Web. 28 May 2015.