...Nonparametric Hypothesis Testing RES/342 Nonparametric Hypothesis Testing During the course of the last three weeks, the team explored the hypothesis testing segment of statistics research. The first part of this assignment was the one sample hypothesis testing. The second was the two or more sample hypothesis testing, and finally in this third week, we will look at nonparametric hypothesis testing. This week’s project is a continuation of the previous projects and entails to build on the identical research question that we will frame a research hypothesis from the same provided data sets (Wage and Wage Earners) using ratio or interval numerical data; however, this week we will use a nonparametric hypothesis test to find our answer. In the next following paragraphs, the team will clearly affirm a hypothesis statement that will provide the base for our survey, perform a five-step hypothesis test on information concerning our choice and apply the concepts of nonparametric testing learned in this course, and describe how the results of our findings answer our research question. Finally, we will conclude this study with a brief summary that will examine the main points, the purpose, and conclusions of this final third week’s study on nonparametric testing. Perform the five-step hypothesis test on the data Nonparametric tests are statistical tests that analyze data that does not require assumptions about the distribution of shape of the population from which...
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...empec, Vol. 13, 1988, page 223-249 Nonparametric Estimation and Hypothesis Testing in Econometric Models By A. Ullah ~ Abstract: In this paper we systematically review and develop nonparametric estimation and testing techniques in the context of econometric models. The results are discussed under the settings of regression model and kernel estimation, although as indicated in the paper these results can go through for other econometric models and for the nearest neighbor estimation. A nontechnical survey of the asymptotic properties of kernel regression estimation is also presented. The technique described in the paper are useful for the empirical analysis of the economic relations whose true functional forms are usually unknown. 1 Introduction Consider an economic model y =R(x)+u where y is a dependent variable, x is a vector o f regressors, u is the disturbance and R(x) = E ( y l x ) . Often, in practice, the estimation o f the derivatives o f R(x)are o f interest. For example, the first derivative indicates the response coefficient (regression coefficient) o f y with respect to x, and the second derivauve indicates the curvature o f R(x). In the parametric econometrics the estimation o f these derivatives and testing 1 Aman Ullah, Department of Economics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5C2, Canada. I thank L Ahmad, A. Bera, A. Pagan, C. Robinson, A. Zellner, and the participants of the workshops at the Universities of Chicago...
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...|[pic] |Syllabus | | |College of Social Sciences | | |PSY/315 Version 2 | | |Statistical Reasoning in Psychology | Copyright © 2010, 2009, 2006 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This is an introductory course in applied statistics, with particular emphasis in psychology. Both descriptive and inferential statistics are included. In addition, this course provides the basic statistical background and understanding needed. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: • University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. • Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Policies may be slightly different depending on the modality in which you attend class. If you have recently...
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...Nonparametric Hypothesis Testing Paper Nonparametric Hypothesis Test:. Research can be focused in a number of ways, to help refine our topic to a point where we have clear hypotheses statements. If the housing industry was determined to be doing better than the rest of the economy, a hypothesis test might be in order, with mean prices greater than other housing industries. The test to determine the difference is the one sample run (Wald- Wolfowitz test to determine the mean prices to be equal to each home cost (Doane & Seward, 2007). However, March home sales were higher than expected. Our Presidents recent trip aboard has secured enough raw material and additional energy products to secure the USA zone of growth for 100 years. We believe America remains at the top of the economic world and by far the most secure in the housing industry recovery (Dohrmann B, 2011). More often than not, homeowners has maximize their time and search for the best sales for homes by searching information about homes sales and choices(Rosales L. 2011). The housing industry can also find the best buyer’s options that are available to him or her in a similar way that real estate agencies can seek the best sales on homes. However, the homes of the homeowners in the housing industry are set by the regional, state, and local expectations of the buyers and not so much by differences in qualifications of the homeowners. There are still a bright light in our housing futures across the nation (Rosales L...
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...|[pic] |Course Syllabus | | |College of Natural Sciences | | |MTH/233 Version 2 | | |Statistics | Copyright © 2010, 2006 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course surveys descriptive and inferential statistics with an emphasis on practical applications of statistical analysis. The principles of collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data are covered. It examines the role of statistical analysis, statistical terminology, the appropriate use of statistical techniques and interpretation of statistical findings through applications and functions of statistical methods. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: • University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. • Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to...
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...Course Description This course prepares students to apply statistics and probability concepts to business decisions. Students learn important criterion for developing effective research questions, including the creation of appropriate sampling populations and instruments. Other topics include descriptive statistics, probability concepts, confidence intervals, sampling designs, data collection, and data analysis – including parametric and nonparametric tests of hypothesis and regression analysis. Cooper, D.R., & Schindler, P.S. (2006). Business research methods (9th ed.). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Lind, D. A., Marchal, W. G., & Wathen, S. A. (2008). Statistical techniques in business and economics (13th ed.). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. All electronic materials are available on the student website. |Week One: Descriptive Statistics and Probability Distributions | | |Details |Due |Points | |Objectives |Compute descriptive statistics for given data sets. | | | | |Apply probability concepts related to discrete and continuous probability. | | | |Readings ...
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...form of chi-square test which compares the goodness of-fit of two models where one model is a part of (i.e. nested or a subset of) the other model. The chi-square is the difference in the –2 log likelihood values for the two models. A priori test: A test of the difference between two groups of scores when this comparison has been planned ignorant of the actual data. This contrasts with a post hoc test which is carried out after the data have been collected and which has no particularly strong expectations about the outcome. Adjusted mean: A mean score when the influence of one or more covariates has been removed especially in analysis of covariance. Alpha level: The level of risk that the researcher is prepared to mistakenly accept the hypothesis on the basis of the available data. Typically this is set at a maximum of 5% or .05 and is, of course, otherwise referred to as the level of significance. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA): A variant of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) in which scores on the dependent variable are adjusted to take into account (control) a covariate(s). For example, differences between conditions of an experiment at pre-test can be controlled for. Analysis of variance (ANOVA): An extensive group of tests of significance which compare means on a dependent variable. There may be one or more independent (grouping) variables or factors. ANOVA is essential in the analysis of most laboratory experiments. Association: A relationship between two variables. Bar...
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...4. 2. Problem statement................................................................................................ 3 Definitions and clarifications ............................................................................... 3 Delimitations ....................................................................................................... 4 Evaluation of sources ........................................................................................... 4 Literature review ........................................................................................................ 5 2.1. 2.2. 2.3. Mergers and acquisitions activity in recent years .................................................. 5 Overview of efficient market hypothesis .............................................................. 7 Abnormal operating performance ......................................................................... 9 3. Event study approach ............................................................................................... 12 3.1. 3.2. Event study technique ........................................................................................ 12 Test statistics ..................................................................................................... 14 Parametric tests...
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...A Stochastic Approach to Indian Banking Sector : Technical Analysis of Private Sector Banks Dr. Rahul Rajan Abhilasha Srivastava Abstract The objective of this paper is to present a method for estimating the cost efficiency of Indian banks in order to study the degree of technical and cost performance of the Indian banking sector and to analyze how the banking sector has been affected by technical efficiency and cost efficiency. Initially, the evolution in the technical front in the banks between 2005 to 2012 is measured. For this analysis purpose a sample of 101 Indian banks including 28 public ,29 private and 44 foreign banks operating in India is taken for the period 2005-2012. For analysis purpose both the parametric method of productive efficiency frontier (Stochastic Frontier Analysis ) and nonparametric method (Data Envelopment Analysis) are taken. Introduction The financial system is the lifeline of the economy. The changes in the economy get mirrored in the performance of the financial system, more so of the banking industry. The banking system in India is significantly different from that of other Asian nations because of the country’s unique geographic, social, and economic characteristics. India has a large population and land size, a diverse culture, and extreme disparities in income, which are marked among its regions. There are high levels of illiteracy among a large percentage of its population but, at the same time, the country has a large reservoir...
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...This article was downloaded by: [University of Southampton Highfield] On: 15 March 2013, At: 09:07 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Post-Communist Economies Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/cpce20 Debt sustainability in the EU New Member States: empirical evidence from a panel of eight Central and East European countries Matthieu Llorca & Srdjan Redzepagic a b a b LEG/FARGO, University of Dijon, France CEMAFI, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France Version of record first published: 16 May 2008. To cite this article: Matthieu Llorca & Srdjan Redzepagic (2008): Debt sustainability in the EU New Member States: empirical evidence from a panel of eight Central and East European countries, Post-Communist Economies, 20:2, 159-172 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14631370802018882 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.tandfonline.com/page/terms-and-conditions This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation...
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...SCHOOL OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS POSTGRADUATE STUDIES AN INVESTIGATION OF THE FISHER EFFECT IN ZAMBIA (1992-2011) A Research Proposal for the Dissertation in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of The Degree of Master of Arts RESEARCHER: MEBELO MUTEMWA COMPUTER NO.: 531004482 SUPERVISORS: DR. C. NG’ANDWE DR. C. MPHUKA DATE: AUGUST, 2012. * ABSTRACT This study seeks to investigate the extent to which the Fisher Hypothesis holds in Zambia. The Fisher hypothesis states that nominal interest rates move one-for-one with expected inflation, leaving the real rate of interest unaffected. Interest rate is an important variable for macroeconomists because it links the economy of today and the economy of the future through its effects on saving and investment decisions. The validity of the Fisher effect also has important implications for monetary policy and needs to be considered by central banks. Despite the importance of the Fisher Hypothesis, very few studies have been carried out in developing countries compared to developed countries. The study will utilize time series data for the period 1992 to 2011, this corresponds to the period in which interest rates were liberalized, and also the period in which Zambia was using monetary targeting as the monetary policy framework. The analysis will use the commercial bank lending rate as proxy measure of nominal interest rates and the Bank of Zambia (BOZ) inflation forecasts...
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...presented below. |Values for the Course Assignments |Percent | |Individual | |Participation (All Weeks - 2% each) |10 | |DQ’s (All Weeks – 2% each) |10 | |Weekly Summaries (All Weeks - 1% each) |5 | |Business Research Paper (week One) |4 | |Survey (Week Two) |6 | |Assignments from the Text - – Section Exercises (Week Two) |6 | |Statistical Symbols and Definitions Matching Assignment – It is included in this syllabus (NOT the one in the |4 | |e-source) after weekly individual assignments below - (Week Three) | | |Assignments from the Text – Section Exercises (Week Three)...
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...selected aggregate populations. (PO 1) (CO#7) Detail graphs and numerical summaries as descriptive statistical aids in determining a course of action relative to selected aggregate populations. (PO 7) (CO#8) Define probability concepts and standard probability distributions to formulate a course of action relative to selected aggregate populations. (PO 4) (CO#11) Generate hypotheses, equate appropriate statistical tests, assess the validity of the tests, and use test results to decide on a course of action relative to selected aggregate populations. (PO 7) (CO#12) Differentiate parametric and nonparametric techniques for the analysis of data and relate the results of the analysis to selected aggregate populations. (PO 9) Due Date Submit to the Dropbox by Sunday 11:59 p.m. MT at the end of Week 6 Total Points Possible: 350 points Requirements Assignment Criteria for the Paper: 1. Read the following article: Stotmeyer, E.S., Arnold, A. M., Boudreau, R. M.,...
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...Journal of Economic Literature Vol. XXXIV (March 1996), pp. 97-114 The Standard Error of Regressions By D E I R D R E N . M C C L O S K E Y and STEPHEN T. ZILIAK University of Iowa Suggestions by two anonymous and patient referees greatly improved the paper. Our thanks also to seminars at Clark, Iowa State, Harvard, Houston, Indiana, and Kansas State universities, at Williatns College, and at the universities of Virginia and Iowa. A colleague at Iowa, Calvin Siehert, was materially helpful. T cant for science or policy and yet be insignificant statistically, ignored by the less thoughtful researchers. In the 1930s Jerzy Neyman and Egon S. Pearson, and then more explicitly Abraham Wald, argued that actual investigations should depend on substantive not merely statistical significance. In 1933 Neyman and Pearson wrote of type I and type II errors: HE IDEA OF Statistical significance is old, as old as Cicero writing on forecasts (Cicero, De Divinatione, 1. xiii. 23). In 1773 Laplace used it to test whether comets came from outside the solar system (Elizabeth Scott 1953, p. 20). The first use of the very word "significance" in a statistical context seems to be John Venn's, in 1888, speaking of differences expressed in units of probable error; Is it more serious to convict an innocent man or to acquit a guilty? That will depend on the consequences of the error; is the punishment death or fine; what is the danger to the community of released...
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...Deterrence and the Behavior of Pharmaceutical Incumbents Prior to Patent Expiration† By Glenn Ellison and Sara Fisher Ellison* This paper develops a new approach to testing for strategic entry deterrence and applies it to the behavior of pharmaceutical incumbents before patent expiration. It examines a cross section of markets, determining whether behavior is nonmonotonic in market size. Under some conditions, investment levels will be monotone in market size if firms do not invest to deter entry. Strategic investments to deter entry, however, may result in nonmonotonic investment because they are unnecessary in small markets, and impossible in large ones. Consistent with an entry-deterrence motivation is the finding that incumbents in medium-sized markets advertise less prior to patent expiration. (JEL D92, G31, L11, L21, L65) T he insight that firms may make “strategic investments” to alter future competitive conditions is one of the most fundamental ideas in industrial organization. Jean Tirole’s (1988) chapter reviewing arguments about how excess capacity, capital structure, advertising, contractual practices, learning-by-doing, and other actions can be used to deter entry is easily the longest in the text.1 Strategic investment models are difficult to test directly, however, and the vast majority of this literature is theoretical. In this paper, we propose a new empirical approach for examining strategic entry deterrence. Our applied focus is on the pharmaceutical industry...
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