...The long history of standardized testing began in the 7th Century Imperial China where the test was administered to people seeking jobs in the government (Mathews). The tested used by the Chinese tested the applicants' knowledge of Confucian philosophy and were used up until 1898 (Crozier). For the Western world, the Industrial Revolution brought about the movement to bring school aged kids working in factories and on farms to the classroom. Standardized testing allowed the newly expanded student body to be tested efficiently (Jehlen). The use of standardized testing exponentially rose after the passing of the No Child Left Behind Act in 2002 which mandated annual testing in all 50 states (Coulson). The use of standardized testing is now split into a like or dislike because of the amount of achievement, the reliability, and the amount of discrimination they bring. Achievement brings about the sense of accomplishment and opponents of standardized testing believe that standardized testing does not bring about a sense of accomplishment because standardized testing has not improved student achievement. After the No Child Left Behind Act passed in 2002, the United States decreased from 18th in the world in math on the Programme for International Student Assessment to 31st place in 2009 and with a lesser decrease in science but no change in the ranking for reading (Walker). Opponents of standardized testing use a National Research Council report from 2011 that found no evidence that...
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...Guam Unified Court System Research Paper for Judicial Process Instructor: Doctor Elberg By Donna Halbrook Guam Unified Court System The Judiciary of Guam is pleased to join the United States of America as the fifty-first state. The newest chapter of our judiciary journey begins with some major objectives in mind. One of these objectives is to increase access to justice for every member of our community. Another major objective is to ensure the Judiciary serves as a model of good governance. We will promote accountability, performance, and transparency (Torres 2010). The new court will be a unified court system, very serving and strong at the foundation levels where we meet the people at. We will start at the foundation and build to the highest court, the State Supreme Court of Guam. Supreme Court Court of Appeals [Problem Solving Courts] Foundation Courts Foundation Courts: Problem Solving Courts | Village Court | Trial Court | Family Court | Village Courts The Village Courts will play a vital role in the Guam State Unified Court System. These courts have broad jurisdiction and they hear both civil and criminal matters (New York State Office of Court Administration 1996-2011). In Guam, this will be for the smaller but very numerous legal affairs of our citizens. There will be a Village Court associated with each of the four police precincts, thus embracing the entire population of Guam. The offices and chambers for these courts will be in close...
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...Minimum Wage Intermediate Microeconomics In the 2014 State of the Union address, President Obama called on Congress to raise the minimum wage from $7.25 to $10.10 per hour (The White House, n.d.). Many arguments stand both for and against the $2.85 per hour raise, all of which cite the affects it may have on employer costs, household income, and the economy as a whole. The majority of the arguments, however, point toward the major economic benefits that are capable if such a raise occurs. The federal government put into place a minimum wage in 1938. Nominal minimum wage values have increased intermittently ever since, starting at $0.25/hr, growing until it reached its current $7.25/hr. It has increased the most recently in three $0.70 increments, from $5.15 to $5.85 in July 2007, to $6.55 in July 2008, and to $7.25 in July 2009, where it has stayed for the past six years. In more recent years, various cities and states have made their own decisions to raise their minimum wages. For example, in 2015, San Francisco raised its minimum wage to $12.25 per hour, with plans to raise it further, to $15 per hour in 2018. In 2016, California will raise its state-wide minimum wage to $10 per hour, making it the highest state’s minimum wage (Smith, 2015). There are four major arguments against the raise of minimum wage – job loss, less job availability for low-skilled workers, lack of poverty reduction, and higher prices for consumers. In the Southern Economic Journal, experts stated that...
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...Health Care Reform By: Tamika Williams August 2, 2014 HCS/235 In the United States, health care reform is a major topic that many people are talking about and how the sources available will help Americans with health care. During the presidential election in 2008, health care reform was a great deal for them to promote the ideas to helping health care but no one actually can explain how it was going to become resolved. America was to the final point, where we as people, thought that the biggest controversy would become resolved and a new era of transparency would be developing. In these years that have come many of the changes that has been promised to America, has yet to occur and is still the same as before. The most recent health care reform is The Affordable Care Act which has expanded access to health care which was created and signed to make sure that all Americans in the United States have affordable health care available to them and to monitor the rising of the health care costs. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) is the most comprehensive reform of the United States medical system in at least 45 years. The ACA transforms the non-group insurance market in the United States and mandates that most residents have health insurance, significantly expands public insurance and subsidizes private insurance coverage, raises revenues from a variety of new taxes, and reduces and reorganizes spending under the nation’s largest health insurance plan, Medicare. Projecting the impacts...
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...allocate money for 5.6-7 million Americans with medical conditions that are pre-existing and have high risk insurance pools. The insurance plans carried out by the Government are a stopgap until 2014 after which the insurers cannot deny from providing total medical coverage to people. But according to a study by a nonpartisan research group, the Center for Studying Health System Change, $5 billion will only cover 200,000 people in a year. As a result, there would be a huge number of people having serious medical problems but the amount allocated for health care won’t cover them. Also, prompted officials of the 20 states would decline to establish their own financial pools which would put the burden of the task to Washington. In these states, the officials and the Republicans fear the intense pressure that they will have to face in case they are short of money. High risk pools will be established in some of the states by July1. The existing pools charge high rates which make them unaffordable to many; the new pools should have standard charges. Even then we won’t know how many uninsured won’t be able to afford those standard rates. Another analysis in this week concludes the states should be satisfied with new amendment and expansion of law. The Medicaid is a shared expense of state and federation, the federal government will take 95 percent of the expansion cost between 2014, when it is effective to 2019. The Medicaid enrollment is planned to increase by 15.9 million...
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...Jury Trial Analysis When an individual is charged with a crime, he or she becomes a criminal defendant. The United States Constitution provides these criminal defendants a number of rights that limit the fashion in which the government can investigate, prosecute, and penalize criminal behavior. These include, but are not limited to, the right to a speedy trial, the right to an impartial judge, and the right to an impartial jury. Criminal defendants have the right to a public trial. This ensures that the government will not carry out any hearings in secret that may violate the individual’s constitutional rights. There are times when the court will hold a closed hearing to protect the identity of a victim, such as a minor. A criminal defendant also has the right to be tried by a jury of his or her peers. The type of jury varies from state to states but these juries are made up of members of the community that have been randomly designated by the court and chosen by attorney for both the prosecution and the defense. This leads the criminal defendant into the right to ask for a swift trial. The most intricate premises of the criminal justice system are that when justice is delayed, it is denied. The right to a swift and speedy trial is essential in a structure that places equality and integrity above all else (FindLaw, n.d.). Diligent trials promote civility within the criminal justice system. A speedy trial is one that is without any postponements. The Sixth Amendment...
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...UNIVERSITI TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN CENTRE FOR FOUNDATION STUDIES FHEL1012 ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC STUDY FOUNDATION IN SCIENCE ISSUE ANALYSIS Name | | Student ID | | Theme | | Title | | Lecture Group | | Tutorial Group | | Lecturer’s Name | | TITLE TITLE Should Smoking Be Banned in Public Restaurants? Justify your essay the essay Justify your essay the essay In the perfect situation, smoking policy would be set by bar or restaurant owners, and customers would patronize the establishments with the policy they prefer. Customers would decide—without the government’s help—if they want to avoid smoke-filled rooms or enter them. They might even choose to sit in an area sectioned off for smokers or non-smokers, but the ultimate issue is choice ( Ruwart 1). When the government starts telling restaurant owners what their customers can and cannot do, the government is overstepping its boundaries. page number the essay page number the essay Our government aims to protect us—to save us from society’s evils. However, in an attempt to protect the public from the effects of passive smoking (second hand smoke)—of which, according to the nonpartisan Congressional Research Service in 1994, “the statistical evidence does not . . . support a conclusion that there are substantive health effects . . .” (Krauthammer)—the feds have failed to protect a vital part of the U.S. economic population: business owners. Many people who drink also tend to smoke; banning drinkers...
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...[pic] UNIVERSITI TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN CENTRE FOR FOUNDATION STUDIES FHEL1012 ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC STUDY FOUNDATION IN SCIENCE ISSUE ANALYSIS |Theme | | |Title | | |Names: |1. | | |2. | | |3. | | |4. | | |5. | |Lecture Group | | |Lecturer’s Name | | Should Smoking Be Banned...
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...European Fiscal Policy: Coordination of fiscal policy in Eurozone Wibowo Suhaidi (1235036) Tilburg University Course: Financial Economics Professor: S.C.W. Eijffinger October 2011 ABSTRACT The Stability and Growth pack has been discussed extensively in determining whether it is sufficient to undermine fiscal policy coordination in the Eurozone. Even before the recent sovereign debt crisis hitting the Eurozone the SGP has been in much of critics and the current situation calls for deeper analysis on the SGP and whether more coordinated fiscal policy in Eurozone is necessary in strengthening fiscal policy framework. This paper analyzes the implementation of fiscal policy in Eurozone with the SGP as the guideline and found out that despite effectively maintain the budgetary balances of Eurozone countries, the SGP failed to deliver overall fiscal stability. Therefore, a more coordinated form of fiscal policy is required in order to achieve the goal of fiscal stability in Eurozone. 1 I. Introduction The formation of European Monetary Union and the adoption of Euro as the single currency have the consequence that member countries are losing their monetary policy independence at the national scope. Therefore, one possible solution is to use fiscal policy in order to mitigate the asymmetric shocks, as fiscal policy is still on the hand of the national government of each member countries. However, from the Monetary Union point of view it is not desirable to...
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...Audience Analysis My Targeted audience I want to center around for this would be men and women who are interested in knowing and understanding more about poverty, food stamps, etc. Who either are in poverty or are not, and with high school education and up. When it comes to poverty, I feel each year more and more families are in crisis and in need. However I also feel some people are getting government funding help who, in reality, do not need it. I am not saying everyone who is receiving help does not actually need it, but there are people out there who if they put in more effort, they wouldn’t have to depend on government assisted help nor would be struggling day to day. I have not been in a situation where I myself needed help, however I do know some people who are truly needed help and received yet, as well as others who honestly did not need the help but did not want to work hard. I am hoping my paper shows both the good and bad of today’s situation with people struggling, and hopefully some readers will have changed opinions on this whether it be good or bad. My Paper is written in APA format. Ending Poverty One Meal at a Time After reading the article “On the Edge of Poverty” by Sheryl Gay Stolberg[->0], it’s realized that it was written from a point of view that shows the many down falls of a situation where a SNAP card is needed yet doesn’t point much at improving it. In many ways it supports the food stamp system, or Supplemental Nutrition Assistance...
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...IMPORTANT VOTER INFORMATION VOTER REGISTRATION • WHEN TO RE-REGISTER: If you have moved since you last registered to vote, wish to change your party registration, or have changed your name, you need to re-register as soon as possible. You must register by October 22, 2012 to be able to vote in the November 6, 2012 Presidential General Election. WHERE TO OBTAIN A VOTER REGISTRATION FORM: Anyone who is eligible to register to vote in California can use the new California Online Voter Registration system. You can find the online process at the Registrar of Voters website at www.sdvote.com. Click on Register to Vote and follow the instructions. Voter registration cards are also available and can be found at Post Offices, Department of Motor Vehicles offices, Library buildings, various City Clerk offices, and the Registrar of Voters office. NOTE: You can check the status of your registration by visiting www.sdvote.com. Follow the prompts to verify your voter registration. VOTE BY MAIL BALLOT • • PERMANENT VOTE BY MAIL VOTER: If you are currently a vote by mail voter, you will automatically receive your mail ballot. To confirm your voting status and see your polling location, review the colored mailing label on the back cover of this pamphlet. If the label indicates you are a permanent mail ballot voter, please do not reapply --- we begin mailing the vote by mail ballots on October 9, 2012. If you do not receive th your ballot by October 18 , please call the Registrar...
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...Did the Stimulus Work? Mehrdad Namazi Angela Agboli Ph.D Pad520 Apr 9, 2012 The Stimulus Analysis In this research I am trying to explain why the stimulus packages did not stimulate the economy that much, where the money is gone and also evaluate some alternatives. Congress has enacted two huge stimulus programs since the recent recession started in 2008. The first one was under President Bush for $152 billion and the second one was under President Obama totaled $863 billion. After more than three years since the recession emerged, still the unemployment is through the roof and the economic growth is sluggish. Why? In order to shed a light on this problem, first we have to know where the billions have gone and how they have been used. There are three kinds of Keynesian stimulus packages (1) the government gives money to people directly, in hopes that they would buy more stuffs and services. (2) The government directly buys goods and services (3) the government sends the check to state and local governments to spend it. In either one, the philosophy is that the increase in buying would result more activity and eventually will boost the economy. The 2008 stimulus was the first kind and the 2009 was almost a mix of all three. In 2008 the U.S Treasury started sending checks to households in the summer. It was supposed to put more money into the hands of people to buy additional goods and services and thereby stimulate production...
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...economic activity plummeted at the start of 2009 and only started moving up during the second half of the year. Apparently things are moving in that direction still. In the first quarter of this year, the economy again expanded, this time by an annual rate of about 3.2 percent. All the same, it has been a difficult few years for G.D.P. For decades, academics and gadflies have been critical of the measure, suggesting that it is an inaccurate and misleading gauge of prosperity. What has changed more recently is that G.D.P. has been actively challenged by a variety of world leaders, especially in Europe, as well as by a number of international groups, like the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. The G.D.P., according to arguments I heard from economists as far afield as Italy, France and Canada, has not only failed to capture the well-being of a 21st-century society but has also skewed global political objectives toward the single-minded pursuit of economic growth. “The economists messed everything up,” Alex Michalos, a former chancellor at the University of Northern British...
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...accepting Romania and Bulgaria as full members. The union now counts 27 member states, incorporating an enormous number of more than half a billion inhabitants. Obviously, each member largely effects and is affected by the European Union. The research interest of this paper is therefore to shed light on the construct European Union, by exploring the relationship between the European Union, its member states and constituents. The topic will be approached by first examining the varieties and interrelations of political and economic systems in major European countries. In a second step, the organizations and the governance of the European Union will be discussed, leading to the analysis of the EU impact on its member states. The third part is an analysis of the expression of interest in the EU. Finally, main arguments will be summarized to arrive at a conclusion. 2. The variety of economic and political systems in Europe The legitimation of a community like the European Union is inevitably linked to the existence and reliance of all member states on certain common grounds, shared by all members. On the dimension of political and economic systems, these commonalities are general visions of sustained peace between nations and economic relationships between the members, fostering wealth and prosperity (Calleo 2009, p.4). On a closer examination though, member countries of the European Union show...
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...Unit I - The Uneasy Constitutional Location of Agencies in the Executive Branch Unit One in a nutshell: Types of Agencies: - Departments - Independent (article I courts) - Other (mistretta, sentencing guideline commission, etc.) Presidential power - Removal (Meyers, Humphreys) Separation of powers - Mistretta at pg. 19 Non-delegation - J.W. Hampton, Mistretta at 15. APA design; three functions of agencies: 1. make rules 2. adjudicate 3. gather information There are not very many legal issues with information gathering, so the class will not focus on it. Rule making and adjudication is done formally and informally | |Rule Making |Adjudication | |Formal |§ 553 |§ 554 | |Informal |§ 553 |§ 554 | Rulemaking = making little laws. Same effect as anything congress passes. Adjudication = making an order Introduction to Administrative Law - F&S pp. 1-22 The Administrative Procedure Act - Act, Chart and Sample Rule The Grouper Handout and the APA §553 §553 doesn’t say where the rule comes from (i.e. employee of the U.S. or anything), but does say publish in the federal register. §553(b) §553(b)(1) - time/place/etc/nature. The grouper rule - March 4, 1992, to the mailroom, by mail = time, place, nature. Does this constitute...
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