...Experiment #5 NAND/NOR Logic ELEE 2130-01 Digital System 1 Lab By: Mark Alvarez Angel Aguilar Margil Garza Instructor: Wendy Hernandez Date: 3/3/2014 Objective: The objective foe this lab was to practice the design and implementation of simple combinational circuits using NAND and NOR logic gates. Problem: In this lab we had a Problem we had to solve before we start the preplab. The problems goes, a board of directors has four members: president, vice-president, secretary, treasurer. The following rules are put in place for voting procedures: * For a motion to carry, three “YES” votes are required. (“YES” = 1; “NO” = 0) * In order to avoid a tie, the president is awarded two votes. * No board member may abstain from voting. Prelab: The first part to the prelab was to create a truth table such that all possible outcomes from the problem stated above are included. President | Vice President | Secretary | Treasurer | Output | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ABB ABB From this truth table we can obtain the simplified Boolean expression in both (SOP) and (POS).Again before we can create the Simplified Boolean expression we need to make the K-MAP. CD CD 00 01 ...
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...Logic Gates In the following chapter, we assume a two input logic gate with inputs A and B. 1.1.1 Simple Gates i. AND Gate The symbol and truth table for an AND gate is shown below: A B A.B 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 Summary: If inputs A AND B are high then the output is high Abbreviations: often a ‘.’ (dot) is used to signify the AND operator when writing Boolean equations. ii. OR Gate (Sometimes referred to as an Inclusive OR) The symbol and truth table for an OR gate is shown below: A B A+B 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 Summary: If inputs A OR B are high (or both) then the output is high Abbreviations: often a ‘+’ is used to signify the OR operator when writing Boolean equations. iii. NOT Gate The symbol and truth table for an NOT gate is shown below: A 0 0 1 A 0 1 2 Summary: Output is NOT what the input is. They are also called 'inverters'. Abbreviations: Many. Sometimes a line above the thing that is being notted, sometimes a dash ‘'’ and sometimes an ‘!’ exclamation mark 1.1.2 Complex Gates i. NAND Gate Made by combining an AND gate and a NOT gate. The equivalent circuit is: The symbol and truth table for an NAND gate is shown below: A A .B 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 A B A+ B 0 0 1 1 ii. B 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 NOR Gate Made by combining an OR gate and a NOT gate. The...
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...The Railways are persistently following the steps to reduce unmanned level crossing accidents and no effort is made to dilute the gravity and the seriousness of accidents. In the control and scope of intervention in curbing unmanned level crossing accidents, the role of Railways is limited and highly constricted as most of them have been found occurring due to negligence on the part of road vehicle users. It is almost impossible for a train driver to stop and prevent the collision if he notices a road vehicle on the crossing from a distance of 500 to 600 meters nor is it possible to change the course of a train similar to that of road...
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...contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein). Notices Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary. Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury...
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...Write Endurance in Flash Drives: Measurements and Analysis Simona Boboila Northeastern University 360 Huntington Ave. Boston, MA 02115 simona@ccs.neu.edu Peter Desnoyers Northeastern University 360 Huntington Ave. Boston, MA 02115 pjd@ccs.neu.edu Abstract We examine the write endurance of USB flash drives using a range of approaches: chip-level measurements, reverse engineering, timing analysis, whole-device endurance testing, and simulation. The focus of our investigation is not only measured endurance, but underlying factors at the level of chips and algorithms—both typical and ideal—which determine the endurance of a device. Our chip-level measurements show endurance far in excess of nominal values quoted by manufacturers, by a factor of as much as 100. We reverse engineer specifics of the Flash Translation Layers (FTLs) used by several devices, and find a close correlation between measured whole-device endurance and predictions from reverse-engineered FTL parameters and measured chip endurance values. We present methods based on analysis of operation latency which provide a non-intrusive mechanism for determining FTL parameters. Finally we present Monte Carlo simulation results giving numerical bounds on endurance achievable by any on-line algorithm in the face of arbitrary or malicious access patterns. 1 Introduction In recent years flash memory has entered widespread use, in embedded media players, photography, portable drives, and solid-state disks (SSDs) for...
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...A GUIDE TO SQL Eighth Edition This page intentionally left blank A G U I D E TO S Q L Eighth Edition Philip J. Pratt Grand Valley State University Mary Z. Last University of Mary Hardin-Baylor Australia • Brazil • Japan • Korea • Mexico • Singapore • Spain • United Kingdom • United States A Guide to SQL, Eighth Edition Philip J. Pratt, Mary Z. Last Vice President, Publisher: Jack Calhoun Editor-in-Chief: Alex von Rosenberg Senior Acquisitions Editor: Charles McCormick, Jr. Product Manager: Kate Hennessy Development Editor: Jessica Evans Editorial Assistant: Bryn Lathrop Marketing Director: Brian Joyner Marketing Manager: Bryant Chrzan Marketing Communications Manager: Libby Shipp Marketing Coordinator: Suellen Ruttkay Content Project Manager: Matt Hutchinson Art Director: Stacy Jenkins Shirley, Marissa Falco Cover Designer: Joseph Sherman Cover Image: Getty Images/Taxi/Chris Bell Manufacturing Coordinator: Denise Powers © 2009 Course Technology, Cengage Learning ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced, transmitted, stored, or used in any form or by any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including but not limited to photocopying, recording, scanning, digitizing, taping, Web distribution, information networks, or information storage and retrieval systems, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without the prior written permission of the publisher....
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...Electronics FOR DUMmIES by Gordon McComb and Earl Boysen ‰ TEAM LinG - Live, Informative, Non-cost and Genuine ! Electronics For Dummies® Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc. 111 River Street Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774 Copyright © 2005 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 646-8600. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Legal Department, Wiley Publishing, Inc., 10475 Crosspoint Blvd., Indianapolis, IN 46256, (317) 572-3447, fax (317) 572-4355, e-mail: brandreview@wiley.com. Trademarks: Wiley, the Wiley Publishing logo, For Dummies, the Dummies Man logo, A Reference for the Rest of Us!, The Dummies Way, Dummies Daily, The Fun and Easy Way, Dummies.com, and related trade dress are trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and/or its affiliates in the United States and other countries, and may not be used without written...
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...-Aa posteriori distribution a priori distribution A.C. pulse abandoned connection abbreviated address calling abend aberration abnormal end abnormal reflection abnormal termination abort sequence abort, to aborted connection absolute code absolute delay absolute error absolute error of measurement absolute instruction absolute instrument absolute pressure absolute stability of a system absolute system of electrical units absolute-value device absolutely stable system absolutely summable absorb, to absorbant absorbing state absorption cross-section absorption loss absorption modulation absorption absorption spectrum absorption trap absorptive attenuator abstract abstract symbol abstract syntax tree abstraction AC AC/DC converter accelerate, to accelerated test accelerating relay acceleration of gravity sonsal dağılım önsel dağılım almaşık akım darbesi yarıda kalan bağlantı kısa numarayla arama olağandışı sonlanma sapınç olağandışı son olağandışı yansıma olağandışı son durdurma dizisi (bitirmeden) durdurmak yarıda kalan bağlantı makina dilindeki kod, mutlak kod mutlak gecikme mutlak hata mutlak ölçüm hatası makina dilindeki komut, mutlak komut mutlak ölçü aleti mutlak basınç bir dizgenin mutlak kararlılığı elektrik birimlerinin mutlak sistemi mutlak değer aygıtı mutlak kararlı dizge mutlak toplanır soğurmak soğurgan soğurucu durum etkin soğurma alanı soğurum yitimi enerji soğurum kiplenimi soğurulma, soğurum soğurum izgesi soğurum tuzağı soğurgan zayıflatıcı 1) öz; 2) soyut soyut...
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...Phil Storrs PC Hardware book The PC and Interrupts We are all confronted with interruptions from time to time. Some are pleasant, some are unpleasant and some are neutral. You can ignore some interruptions, for example a telephone or doorbell ringing, some must not be ignored, such as getting a flat tire on the freeway - you must deal with them as soon as possible. The alternative to a system with Interrupts is to use Polling, a system where we must look at each device periodically to see if our services are required. Imagine having a telephone without a bell, you would have to lift the receiver regularly to see if anyone was on the line. Whatever their cause, interrupts are essentially requests for attention. In the same way, peripherals in a computer system can request the attention of the processor. The event that makes a microprocessor stop executing one routine to perform some other routine to service a request, is called an INTERRUPT. Interrupts increase the overall efficiency of a computer system, because the external devices request the attention of the processor as needed. If a system had no interrupts, the processor would have to POLL every device in the system periodically, to see if any of them required attention. Many of the standard I/O provisions of the PC computer generate interrupts when they need the processor to process data being received by, or being sent by, those interfaces. The processor can process two kinds of interrupts, those it can ignore and...
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...CORE CONCEPTS OF Accounting Information Systems Twelfth Edition Mark G. Simkin, Ph.D. Professor Department of Accounting and Information Systems University of Nevada Jacob M. Rose, Ph.D. Professor Department of Accounting and Finance University of New Hampshire Carolyn Strand Norman, Ph.D., CPA Professor Department of Accounting Virginia Commonwealth University JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. VICE PRESIDENT & PUBLISHER SENIOR ACQUISITIONS EDITOR PROJECT EDITOR ASSOCIATE EDITOR SENIOR EDITORIAL ASSISTANT PRODUCTION MANAGER PRODUCTION EDITOR MARKETING MANAGER CREATIVE DIRECTOR SENIOR DESIGNER PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT SERVICES SENIOR ILLUSTRATION EDITOR PHOTO EDITOR MEDIA EDITOR COVER PHOTO George Hoffman Michael McDonald Brian Kamins Sarah Vernon Jacqueline Kepping Dorothy Sinclair Erin Bascom Karolina Zarychta Harry Nolan Wendy Lai Laserwords Maine Anna Melhorn Elle Wagner Greg Chaput Maciej Frolow/Brand X/Getty Images, Inc. This book was set in 10/12pt Garamond by Laserwords Private Limited, and printed and bound by RR Donnelley/Jefferson City. The cover was printed by RR Donnelley/Jefferson City. This book is printed on acid free paper. Founded in 1807, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. has been a valued source of knowledge and understanding for more than 200 years, helping people around the world meet their needs and fulfill their aspirations. Our company is built on a foundation of principles that include responsibility to the...
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...the EU Robotics Industry Authors: Simon Forge and Colin Blackman Editors: Marc Bogdanowicz and Paul Desruelle EUR 24600 EN - 2010 The The mission of the JRC-IPTS is to provide customer-driven support to the EU policymaking process by developing science-based responses to policy challenges that have both a socio-economic as well as a scientific/technological dimension. European Commission Joint Research Centre Institute for Prospective Technological Studies Contact information Address: Edificio Expo. c/ Inca Garcilaso, 3. E-41092 Seville (Spain) E-mail: jrc-ipts-secretariat@ec.europa.eu Tel.: +34 954488318 Fax: +34 954488300 http://ipts.jrc.ec.europa.eu http://www.jrc.ec.europa.eu Legal Notice Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which might be made of this publication. The report reflects the views of the authors and does not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union Freephone number (*): 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (*) Certain mobile telephone operators do not allow access to 00 800 numbers or these calls may be billed. A great deal of additional information on the European Union is available on the Internet. It can be accessed through the Europa server http://europa.eu/ JRC 61539 EUR 24600 EN ISBN 978-92-79-17657-9 ISSN 1018-5593 doi:10.2791/48951 Luxembourg: Publications Office of the...
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