...Grace Lee 105 Korea The Political Philosophy of Juche Grace Lee Introduction The political philosophy known as juche became the official autarkic state ideology of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) in 1972.1 Although foreign scholars often describe juche as “self-reliance,” the true meaning of the term is much more nuanced. Kim Il Sung explained: Establishing juche means, in a nutshell, being the master of revolution and reconstruction in one’s own country. This means holding fast to an independent position, rejecting dependence on others, using one’s own brains, believing in one’s own strength, displaying the revolutionary spirit of self-reliance, and thus solving one’s own problems for oneself on one’s own responsibility under all circumstances. The DPRK claims that juche is Kim Il Sung’s creative application of Marxist-Leninist principles to the modern political realities in North Korea.2 Kim Il Sung and his son Kim Jong Il have successfully wielded the juche idea as a political shibboleth to evoke a fiercely nationalistic drive for North Korean independence and to justify policies of self-reliance and self-denial in the face of famine and economic stagnation in North Korea. Kim Il Sung envisioned three specific applications of juche philosophy: political and ideological independence, especially from the Soviet Union and China; economic self-reliance and self-sufficiency; and a viable national defense system.3 This paper begins with a discussion of the three...
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...Mr. Ban’s diligence, sincerity and warm-heartedness also contributed greatly to his rise, along with high performance capability. With such recognition, Mr. Ban successfully expanded his political network (both in Korea and in the organization of US) with apparent sincerity, great communication skill and sharp sociopolitical awareness. During the course of this paper, our group (“We”) will analyze and discuss how Mr. Ki-moon Ban used various situational conflicts as an opportunity to display and utilize his array of great characteristics to become the powerful leader. Prior to his political career, Mr. Ban’s childhood was deeply affected by the Korean War, which caused his family to migrate to different parts of Korea. Despite of such instability and uncertainty, Mr. Ban started to grow his intellectual curiosity of English. Even as a child, he liked to ask and speak with American soldiers, showing great resiliency. Such interactions and intellectual curiosity allowed Mr. Ban to be a star student in secondary school (especially in English), earning him an opportunity to meet John F. Kennedy as a winner of the Red Cross Competition for international students with proven academic excellence. Meeting the late John F. Kennedy also provided career motivation for Mr. Ban, pursuing the political career as a diplomat. It is worthy to look more closely into the economic and financial difficulties that Mr. Ban’s family faced when Mr. Ban was preparing for his college admission. As...
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...0305-750X/$ - see front matter www.elsevier.com/locate/worlddev http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2012.06.012 Gender in Transition: The Case of North Korea STEPHAN HAGGARD University of California, San Diego, USA and MARCUS NOLAND * Peterson Institute for International Economics, USA East-West Center, USA Summary. — This paper uses survey data to examine the experience of women in North Korea’s economic transition. Women have been shed from state-affiliated employment and thrust into a market environment characterized by weak institutions and corruption. More than one-third of men indicate that criminality and corruption is the best way to make money, and 95% of female traders report paying bribes. The increasingly male-dominated state preys on the increasingly female-dominated market. Energies are directed toward survival and this population appears to lack the tools to act collectively to improve their status. Ó 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Key words — gender, transition, refugees, North Korea 1. INTRODUCTION emphasis on the dramatic shifts that occurred as the state socialist system broke down during the famine of the mid-1990s and the country experienced “marketization from below.” We then turn to an examination of the sample, household economics and the implications of the fact that North Korean women have been disproportionately involved in marketization that the state has sought to limit, control and even criminalize. Women are not...
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...Economic Reform in South Korea: An Unfinished Legacy by Marcus Noland, Peterson Institute for International Economics Paper prepared for the conference "Korea as a 21st Century Power" University of Cambridge April 3-6, 2002 © Peterson Institute for International Economics Introduction Since 1997 South Korea has been on an economic and political roller coaster. Between 1997 and 1998 forecasts of annual economic growth swung from +7 percent to -7 percent, and the country elected Kim Dae-jung, former dissident, future Nobel Peace Prize winner (and University of Cambridge honoree), and avowed economic reformer, president. However President Kim's weak electoral position—he was with only a plurality of support and forced to form a governing coalition with an ideologically dissimilar conservative party—and the continuing regional nature of South Korean politics have impeded the formation of a stable political coalition in favor of reform. Today, despite the enormous political power granted to the executive under the South Korea constitution, Kim is effectively a lame duck. Constitutionally limited to a single term, he confronts a hostile national assembly controlled by the political opposition, his personal popularity has fallen below 30 percent, and his party is trailing in public opinion polls in the run-up to December's presidential elections. Yet in spite of these challenges, a hundred other countries would envy the forecast of 5 percent growth and five percent unemployment...
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...The Foreign Exchange Market of South Korea Brief Introduction of currency Won The currency used in South Korea is the Won, (sign: ₩; code: KRW), it can be further divided in 100 jeons, the subunit. Won has been existed for thousands of years in South Korean History. After the world war two, the Korea continent was divided into North Korea and South Korea. Both of the two countries have been using won as their currencies. The foreign exchange policy of won followed a pegging method to dollars before 1980. From 1980 to 1997 South Korea had initiated a series of actions towards floating exchange rate. During the East Asian financial crisis, the won was devalued at almost half of its original value. The monetary system The monetary system is basically consisting of four major government entities; “the Ministry of Finance and Economy (MOFE), the Bank of Korea (BOK), the Financial Supervisory Service (FSS), and the Korea Customs Service (KSS)” (Korea, South-Money). The bank of Korea, according to Savada and Shaw in their country paper on South Korea, is established as the central bank of South Korea and supervised all the financial transactions of diversified financial institutions. Its major functions also includes the issuance of currency, the determination on the monetary and credit policies, the collection and record of the statistics of overall economy, and the regulation of all private banks. It also closely partners with the central government for raising funds for public...
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...proliferation of technology infused into all aspects of work and life. Companies were seeking to integrate advanced technology with their business processes and operations, not only to reduce costs, but to enable innovation and growth. o IBM remixed their businesses in order to move to the emerging higher- value spaces by focusing on software and IT industry. IBM Strategies 5. IBM Strategies Hardware And Services Software IBM sold the personal computing department To Lenovo 6. PESTEL Analysis for Macro environment factors Social Political Technological Environmental Economic Legislative 7. Iraq War in 2003, affected world economy, and IBM stock fell down. Technology affects directly to computer technology industry because computer technology can be used as a tool to invent many technological products An illness like bird flue, in 2004 effect to all businesses that operate especially in China. IBM has many suppliers in china and Asia countries. Technological Political Environmental PESTEL Analysis 8. Oil price, increase the price of energy and reduce the worth of...
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...Unit 1: The Seeds of Conflict, 1917-1944 The differences between capitalism and communism Capitalism advocated private enterprise, land owned by individuals with minimum government interference. Liberal democracy was a political system where each person has freedom to vote, to elect, of speech and of worship. Communism advocated state-owned property, an economy where all industries and agriculture were owned by the government on behalf of the people. A one-party state was a political system with one political party to represent the people. In the USSR, all political parties other than the Communist Party were banned and elections were contested between individuals of this party. The tensions that existed between the USSR and the USA in the 1920s and 30s Communism was viewed as an unstable force that threatened social and political order and Lenin, leader of the Bolshevik Revolution, was to represent this. Allied countries Britain, France, USA and Japan had sent help to Bolshevik enemies during the Civil War therefore there were some hostile feelings towards them even after the war. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (March 1918) was a result of Russia withdrawing from the war, leading to a feeling of betrayal amongst the allies who were left to fight Germany alone. Communist groups in Spain and France grew in strength in the 1930s in response to the hardships of the Great Depression which placed strains on the USA. Britain’s appeasement policy towards Germany under Hitler’s...
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...partner and audit managers. Your report must address the following issues. 1. In relation to Australian Agricultural Company, provide a description of the following: * What are the principal sources of AAC’s revenue? * What does AAC produce and how does it conduct its operations? * Who are its primary competitors and what is AAC’s market share? * Which particular regulations affect its operations? Revenue Principal sources of revenue from Finished & Store cattle sales which made up 50% of its revenue in 2012, this is equivalent to $236,812,000. page 94. Meat sales is the second largest source as it reaped $140,376 in revenue in 2012. Out of beef sales, Wagyu beef makes up 62% of total sales revenue from beef. North Asia is the biggest importer of this company’s product, purchasing 43% of produce and this is closely followed by Australia Pacific which takes 25%. Operations and Produce They produce different types of cattles which yield revenue from various uses. Their cattle produce consists of Grassed Finished, Grain Finished (non Wagyu), Wagyu, Breeder & Feeder and Live Export. Operations: - Herd Developments - Breeding Herds and Genetics - Live Exports - Meat processing facility - Beef Groups sales to restaurants, hotels, airlines and supermarkets. - Cropping (like wool) Farming Operations Farming yields continued to perform and farmgate prices were within budget expectation. The table below sets out the areas harvested, yields...
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...e-Health in South Korea e-Health: Strategy and Best Practices In contrast to its e-government and general e-service strategies, Korea’s e-health program was regarded by the WHO as only moderately effective in 2006. Despite starting in 2003 the Korean Program has only now beginning to gain momentum. Up until 2008 the e-Health Association has developed led by the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy have focused on developing on what it sees as the five core pillars for a successful u-Health industry by 2013. These areas are: Standardization Law and policy planning and reform Human resource development, e.g. access to medical knowledgeR&D for e-health products International collaboration Despite some work by the various Ministries on defining their domestic requirements in terms of electronic health records , e-prescriptions, etc., there has been little real progress on e-health in Korea and many healthcare facilities lack appropriate ICT based information tools. According to a consumer survey in 2007 the poor level of informatization in healthcare this apparent lack of progress can be attributed to the fact that e–health was not seen as part of the overall e-government strategy and the structure and parlous state of the health sector in Korea following the rapid introduction of universal health insurance. Following the reorganization of government ministries in 2008 (under the new government administration); e-health attention has begun to focus on...
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...Regional Strategy Final Exam Professor Robles Jin Won Jeong Dec 12, 2014 1. Regional Strategy: According to the readings for session #1, a very few multinationals are truly global. a. What are the bases for the claim that most multinationals are regional? The primary bases for the claim that most multinationals are regional are first the extraction of revenue by many “global” multinationals is confined to a region as opposed to the entire world, and second the similar market environment within certain region makes regionalization much more practical than globalization. First, Revenue generation in terms of geographic location is limited to specific regions or area, oftentimes geographically proximate regions. Rugman’s research uses the term home country to refer to the phenomenon that the home country diamond among countries in the same region is more similar to one another than the diamonds between a country in home country region and foreign country region. Therefore, adjacent markets are more likely to be similar to one another in in terms of business environment than home and foreign markets. More specifically, referring to the table 1 in the Rugman’s research, amongst fortune 500 firms, many have much higher intra-regional sales than foreign sales. This means that truly global, having penetrated the global market, multinationals are not common. Second, similar market environment within certain regions makes the exchange of products and services take...
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...Submitted To: Submitted By: Prof. Sukhjinder Baring Sahil Goyal Course Instructor MBA-2B IHRM Contents * About LG * Global Presence * HR policies of Different Countries * PCN Strategies * Studies About LG: LG Electronics was founded in 1958 at Seoul, South Korea. This multinational company is the 2nd largest electronic products maker of South Korea and third largest appliance maker in the world. Yong Nam is the CEO & Vice Chairman of the company who is making it possible to spread the network of LG throughout the world. Headquarter of LG Electronics is in LG Twin Towers at Seoul, South Korea. LG Electronics is the owner of Zenith Electronics and has a joint venture with Philips Electronics under the name of LG Display. Both the companies are putting their effort in manufacturing and developing the quality of their products. Some important subsidiaries of LG Group are LG Electronics, LG Telecom, LG Chem. and Zenith Electronics in more than 80 countries. LG Electronics was established in 1958 as GoldStar. LG Group is the merger of Lucky and GoldStar, two Korean companies. L is taken from Lucky and G from GoldStar which formed LG Group. "Life's Good"...
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...of Diamond [1997] or McNeil [1963]. Like those books, this book is exceptionally fun to read and full of interesting historical examples and provocative ideas. The basic theme of the book is that what matters most in why some nations fail – and others succeed, for the book is as much about success as failure – are not – as earlier authors have argued - economic policies, geography, culture, or value systems – but rather institutions, more precisely the political institutions that determine economic institutions. Acemoglu and Robinson theorize that political institutions can be divided into two kinds - “extractive” institutions in which a “small” group of individuals do their best to exploit - in the sense of Marx - the rest of the population, and “inclusive” institutions in which “many” people are included in the process of governing hence the exploitation process is either attenuated or absent. Needless to say Acemoglu and Robinson’s theory is more subtle than this simple summary. They argue that for any economic success political institutions must be sufficiently centralized to provide basic public services including justice, the enforcement of contracts, and education. Given that these functions are carried out, inclusive institutions enable innovative energies to emerge and lead to continuing growth as exemplified by the Industrial Revolution. Extractive institutions can also deliver growth but only when the economy is distant from the technological frontier. These extractive...
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... Personality plays a huge role in shaping the social, as well as, the political behavior of leaders around the world. This has been highly demonstrated through recent events around the world such as the 9/11 twin bombing attacks, the soviet demise, and the war in Iraq. For an individual to understand how and why certain events occur in the country, it is essential to assess mannerisms of prominent world leaders. At the moment, everyone around the world feels the need to understand and find out the underlying motivation of the admirable and not so admirable leaders. This analysis receives support from the evaluation of the downfall in political positions and failures of leaders, who not only destroy the political position of their country, but also destroy the lives of their people. The presence of high –tech industries and weapons of all kinds have given many people dynamic power and, therefore, bringing the focus of why it is important to understand the behaviors of leaders based on their personalities. This essay will evaluate the psychology of leaders using examples from three different books, and drawing examples from a variety of prominent leaders. Post, for instance, presents psychological theories that surround the lives of leaders and some terrorists. He focuses on discussing essential issue such as the effects of age and illness on some of the leaders and how such factors affect their political reign. He also analyses the association that is present between a leader...
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...Examiners’ Report June 2013 GCE Geography 6GE03 01 Edexcel and BTEC Qualifications Edexcel and BTEC qualifications come from Pearson, the UK’s largest awarding body. We provide a wide range of qualifications including academic, vocational, occupational and specific programmes for employers. For further information visit our qualifications websites at www.edexcel.com or www.btec.co.uk. Alternatively, you can get in touch with us using the details on our contact us page at www.edexcel.com/contactus. Giving you insight to inform next steps ResultsPlus is Pearson’s free online service giving instant and detailed analysis of your students’ exam results. • See students’ scores for every exam question. • Understand how your students’ performance compares with class and national averages. • Identify potential topics, skills and types of question where students may need to develop their learning further. For more information on ResultsPlus, or to log in, visit www.edexcel.com/resultsplus. Your exams officer will be able to set up your ResultsPlus account in minutes via Edexcel Online. Pearson: helping people progress, everywhere Pearson aspires to be the world’s leading learning company. Our aim is to help everyone progress in their lives through education. We believe in every kind of learning, for all kinds of people, wherever they are in the world. We’ve been involved in education for over 150 years, and by working across 70 countries, in 100 languages, we have built an international...
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...Running Head: INTERNATIONAL MARKETING International Expansion at Tesco Introduction Tesco plc is a well-known international grocery and general merchandising retailer. The company headquarter is situated in United Kingdom. Tesco is the fourth-largest retailer in the world on the basis of its revenues subsequent to Wal-Mart, Carrefour and Metro. The company operates with its stores in almost 14 countries throughout Asia, Europe and North America. It is a leader in the UK grocery market with 30% market share (Channer & Hope 2001). The company employs approximately half a million staff worldwide, 250,000 of which are in the UK. It operates with 2,500 stores in the UK. Tesco sells more or less 40,000 food products all over the world and 65% of its sales are attained outside the UK. This evidence, the company high concern with its international operations that will be discussed in this report along with the evaluations of some other international operations related aspects to make some final recommendations. Driving Forces behind Tesco’s Sales outside to UK Retail environment of the world is changing significantly in almost all of its aspects and domains. Nowadays customers does not prefer to purchase different grocery items from different grocery stores as they feel comfortable to purchase it from some retail stores in which every grocery item is present at single place (Burt, Sparks & Teller 2010). Changing customer buying patterns and market trends are the major...
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