...except the Himalayas in South Asia. Some of the Andes’ snowcapped peaks tower more than 20,000 feet (6,000 m) above sea level. The Andes have shaped not only the physical geography of the Andean nations, but also the economies and lifestyles of the people who make their homes in this region. The Andes stretch some 5,500 miles (8,850 km) all the way from the Caribbean Sea to the southernmost tip of South America. At places in Peru and Bolivia the mountain range is nearly 500 miles (800 km) wide. Its rocky walls divide the Andean nations into three distinct environments: coastal plain, highlands, and forest. Coastal Plain Between the mountains and the sea, a narrow plain stretches along the entire Pacific coast from Colombia to the southern end of Chile. At some points it is no more than a sandy beach at the foot of the mountains; in other places it reaches inland for 100 miles (160 km). The Atacama Desert, the driest and one of the most lifeless places on earth, occupies the coastal plain in northern Chile. Because ocean winds lose their moisture blowing across the cold waters of the Peru Current, only dry air ever reaches the land, creating a desolate wasteland. The Atacama is so dry that archaeologists have found perfectly preserved relics from ancient times. These include colored textiles woven hundreds of years ago, ancient mud-brick dwellings, and even human mummies. The desert is rich in minerals, however. Coastal plains north and south of the Atacama get more rainfall...
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...the sea where it divides the Indian Ocean into the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal. India is the 7th largest country in the world, with a geographically diverse land mass that exceeds 2.9 million sq. km. The southern portion is covered by the Deccan plateau while in the northern area the Indo-Gangetic plain reaches from the west coast across to the east and bordered in the north by the Himalayas. The population of India is spread across the Indo-Gangetic plain and along the areas bordering the Arabian Sea. India experiences a selection of differing climates that range from tropical in the south, arid deserts in the west, sub-tropical monsoon climate in the east, and temperate in the north. India has the fourth largest coal reserves in the world, along with an abundance of other valuable resources such as iron ore, manganese and bauxite. 2. The economy of India is developing into and open-market economy, which in recent years has been accelerated by a reduction in government control of foreign trade and investment. Due to a large educated English-speaking population, India has developed a growing export market for IT services and software developers. The remainder of the labour force works in agricultural and manufacturing sectors. In 2010, India’s economy rebounded from the global financial crisis due to strong domestic demand; however high inflation and interest rates, coupled with low export demand, stalled growth in 2011. Recent projections by the Indian finance ministry...
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...macroeconomic growth, India has become one of the fastest-growing markets for packaged food in the world. India’s packaged food retail sales grew an average of 11.5% annually during the past five years, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 12.93% between 2004 and 2009. While only 30% of the population resides in urban areas, urbanization has become a trend in recent years and has changed how and when consumers eat their meals. This migration of consumers has resulted in new products boasting ethnic and or region-specific flavours, appearing on store shelves. The search for functional food items paired with the desire for instant gratification has caused solid growth in ready-meals, noodles and soup sales. With the growth of modern retailing and the shopping revolution in India, there has been a radical shift in the Indian food industry. In addition, with the arrival of international fast food outlets in India, the food industry has experienced steady growth. It is difficult for most regional packaged food companies in India to expand nationally, due to the country’s underdeveloped infrastructure. Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation Ltd (GCMMF) was the leader in the packaged food market, with an 8% share in 2009. INSIDE THIS ISSUE Executive Summary Consumer Trends Economic Trends Regional Trends Urban and Rural Trends Packaged Food Table Key Market Segments Market Share Breakdown 2 2 3 4 5 6 6-7 8 CONSUMER TRENDS Higher income Indians prefer to shop...
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...Equatorial Guinea, India is placed in the “medium development” category. There has been steady improvement in its HDI value, which was 0.345 in 1980. In 1950, Brazil, China and India together represented 10 per cent of the world economy, while the six traditional economic leaders of the North accounted for more than half. According to projections in the report, by 2050, Brazil, China and India will together account for 40 per cent of global output, far surpassing the projected combined production of today’s Group of Seven bloc. | | | HDI is a composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and income indices used to rank countries in four tiers of human development. Since 2011, the UNDP report has included an inequality adjusted HDI, also known as IHDI, which attempts to include the effects of inequality on human development. The IHDI for India this year is 0.392. High gender inequality The country fails miserably on the front of gender equality. On the gender equality index, with a value of 0.610, India has one of the worst indicators in the medium human development category. For example, the country has only 10.9 per cent of seats in Parliament occupied by women. Countries like South Africa (41.1 per cent, HDI – 121), Timor-Leste (38.5 per cent, 134), Iraq (25.2 per cent, 131) and China (21.3 per cent, 101) are much ahead of India when it comes to the representation of women in decision making. India’s HDI progress...
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... the world has moved on from there to a wider set of dynamic emerging countries, including a number of fast-growing African nations, as more developing countries find their own way to catch up on growth, resisting world recessionary tendencies (O’Neill 2001 2011). The investor’s world of emerging markets has thus expanded beyond the BRICs, even as questions are raised about the sustainability of growth in the BRICs themselves, with their structural and political challenges and their vulnerability to the uncertainties of global monetary developments. (http://mobile.opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/123456789/3599#.VemUOn2MgQ0) The grouping was originally known as "BRIC" before the inclusion of South Africa in 2010. The BRICS members are all developing or newly industrialised countries, but they are distinguished by their large, fast-growing economies and significant influence on regional and global affairs; all five are G-20 members. Since 2010, the BRICS nations have met annually at formal summits. Russia currently holds the chair of the BRICS group, and hosted the group's seventh summit in July 2015. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BRIC) Summary The BRICS New Development Bank (NDB) was created in mid-2014 by the governments of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South...
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...Promoting Exports in the Short and Medium Terms Mainstream India has emerged victorious in the recent recession, which started in the US and engulfed the whole world in a short span of time. India could be able to secure respectable rates of growth even post-crisis years (except last two years 2012-13 and 2013-14), which were the second highest in world after China. The recent revision has improved the GDP growth rates of the last three years as well, though it raises the suspicion about its accuracy owing to opposite evidences at other fronts. This was mainly because of the domestic-led demand of the Indian economy and stimulus measures initiated by the government at the fiscal and monetary policy levels. However, the exports of India suffered a great deal as a result of the sagging demand in the world economy in general and its main trading partners’ economies in particular. During 2015-16, India's exports of goods shrank by nearly a quarter in September from a year ago, falling for a 10th straight month and threatening Prime Minister Narendra Modi's goal of boosting economic growth through manufacturing. "We see no signs of revival in exports in the near future," said Ajay Sahai, director general of the Federation of Indian Export Organisations. "We will be lucky if exports could even touch $265 billion to $270 billion for the whole year." This is in-spite of the slew of measures to boost up the exports. The last measure to promote the exports included the concession...
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...product strategy followed by Hector Beverages in beverages category to achieve a position of dominance in the target market. Group 2 Beverage Industry : An overview Beverages is a $230 million industry in India Industry is further classified as carbonated drinks, fruit drinks and energy drinks Indian soft drink market is expected to be the fastest growing global market Coca-Cola and PepsiCo are leaders in the soft drink segment Red Bull dominant in the energy drinks segment Beverage Industry : An overview Consumers have started to be more inclined towards healthier options Fruit Drinks segment expected to grow in the future Industry giants customizing products by focusing more on nutritional values Porter’s 5 Forces : Beverage Industry Porter’s 5 Forces : Beverage Industry Hector Beverages : An overview FMCG company in the functional beverages industry Launched by former Coca Cola executives Neeraj Biyani, Neeraj Kakkar, Suhas Mishra and James Nutall Launched its first energy drink Tzinga in 2011 Entered the non energy drink segment with Paperboat Market Offering Product Features and Quality Features Sells classic Indian drinks in hygienic and attractive plastic pouches, and also the energy drink Tzinga Wide range of drinks such as chilled rasam, aamras, jaljeera Quality Marketing campaigns equate the brand with childhood memories thus creating a sense of nostalgia Strong brand perception of Paperboat as pure and...
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...people don’t have enough time to sit had have food for a long time. A fast food firm takes into consideration TIME factor and provides food in quick time. Why MM Mithaiwala as a Fast Food firm??? MM Mithaiwala is one of the oldest fast food firm operating in Mumbai which has all the ingredients of becoming an international brand. MM Mithaiwala works on the principle of developing profit centers whereby all the work is handled by professionally qualified people responsible for their respective departments. There Philosophy has always been customer satisfaction and they believe that a satisfied customer is a customer for life. [pic][pic] .....At Mumbai About MM Mithaiwala… at Mumbai (Malad) M.M.Mithaiwala is a producer of Indian sweets, snacks and is also into retailing outlets, restaurant business, and fast food and lassi centers. M.M.Mithaiwala supplies to Industrial Canteens, Hospitals, Flight Kitchens, and Hotels. They also supply to caterers organizing marriages and other social functions in the city. They have established high quality performance standards like Punctuality, Great Service, Good Quality Food, Hygiene and Commitment to the customer. This is the essence of their success. Unique Selling Point (USP): The best product with traditional taste and service sold at the best prices with best ingredients in the most hygienic condition. History of MM Mithaiwala M.M.Mithaiwala was started as a Joint Family Catering Business in 1946. (A pioneering family...
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...influence of Islamic peoples, northern and western Africans began to use the camel to transport goods across this forbidding terrain. c. Camels do several things exceptionally well: they can carry unbelievably heavy loads for impossibly long distances and they can keep their footing on sandy terrain. It was as if someone had invented sand ships and its effect on western African culture was just as profound as if they were sand ships. d. The most important developments occurred in the Sahel area just south of the Sahara; the Sahel provided southern terminal points for the goods being shipped across the Sahara. The Sahel is a dry, hot area with fertile areas and grasslands; all of the major north African kingdoms grew up in this area: Ghana, Mali, Songhay, and Kanem-Bornu: the Sahelian kingdoms. SLIDE: African Empire Chronology SLIDE: Key terms SLIDE: Map of Africa II. Sahelian kingdoms a. The largest African cities and kingdoms were located in the Sahel, a desert and savannah region south of the Sahara. After 750 AD, these cities and kingdoms arose because they served as waystations and terminus points for the trade routes across northern Africa. b. The power vacuum that by the retreat of the Romans was filled by desert Berbers, an indigenous African people (Saint Augustine, born in Carthage, may have been part Berber). The Berbers were primarily a nomadic people and would...
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...ASSESSMENT OF COMPETITION IN CEMENT INDUSTRY IN INDIA RESEARCH PROJECT REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE COMPETITION COMMISSION OF INDIA SUBMITTED BY: SUMIT PAL SINGH MBA (2011-2013) VINOD GUPTA SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT, IIT KHARAGPUR i ACKNOWLEDGMENT I extend my sincere gratitude to The Competition Commission of India, for giving me an opportunity to intern at the commission. In specific, I thank Mr. Rakesh Kumar, Joint Director (Eco) for being a guiding force throughout this submission and being instrumental in the successful completion of this project. Without him every effort of mine would have been in vain. He has been kind and patient throughout, to share with me his precious time, thoughts and insights. Sumit Pal Singh Vinod Gupta School of Management, IIT Kharagpur ii DISCLAIMER This project report/dissertation has been prepared by the author as an intern under the Internship Programme of the Competition Commission of India for academic purposes only. The views expressed in the report are personal to the intern and do not reflect the view of the Commission or any of its staff or personnel and do not bind the Commission in any manner. This report is the intellectual property of the Competition Commission of India and the same or any part thereof may not be used in any manner whatsoever, without express permission of the Competition Commission of India in writing. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ..........................................................
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...Mobile Value Added Services (MVAS) A vehicle to usher in inclusive growth and bridge the digital divide January 2011 www.deloitte.com/in 2 Contents Message from Chairman, TRAI Message from President, ASSOCHAM Message from Secretary General, ASSOCHAM Message from Deloitte Objective & Methodology Executive Summary Introduction What is MVAS? What is Utility MVAS? Key categories in Utility MVAS A Framework for Utility MVAS Drivers for Utility MVAS Categories in focus Category 1 : M-Commerce Category 2 : M-Education Category 3 : M-Health Category 4 : M-Governance Current state of Utility MVAS in India Utility MVAS: Challenges Utility MVAS: Potential solutions Utility MVAS: Suggested implementation approach Acknowledgements Notes Authors 4 5 6 7 8 9 12 15 18 18 20 21 26 27 33 40 46 51 54 56 62 64 65 68 Mobile Value Added Services (MVAS) - A vehicle to usher in inclusive growth and bridge the digital divide 3 Message from Chairman, TRAI I would like to compliment the ASSOCHAM for bringing out a Study Report on Mobile Value Added Services – A Vehicle to Usher in Inclusive Growth and Bridge the Digital Divide in India. Mobile Value Added Services (MVAS) have assumed significant importance in recent times due to the rapid growth in wireless subscriber base. They have enhanced the utility of mobile phone as a powerful medium to deliver information viz., News, Entertainment, Advertisement, Music, Games, Commerce, Education and Health. Simultaneously, they help...
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...Minnesota is the northernmost U.S. state apart from Alaska; its isolated Northwest Angle in Lake of the Woods is the only part of the 48 contiguous states lying north of the 49th Parallel. The state is part of the U.S. region known as the Upper Midwest. The state shares a Lake Superior water border with Michigan and Wisconsin on the northeast; the remainder of the eastern border is with Wisconsin. Iowa is to the south, North Dakota and South Dakota to the west, and the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Manitoba to the north. With 86,943 square miles (225,181 km²) or approximately 2.25% of the United States, Minnesota is the twelfth-largest state. Minnesota contains some of the oldest rocks found on earth, gneisses some 3.6 billion years old or 80% as old as the planet. About 2.7 billion years ago, basaltic lava poured out of cracks in the floor of the primordial ocean; the remains of this volcanic rock formed the Canadian Shield in northeast Minnesota. The roots of these volcanic mountains and the action of Precambrian seas formed the Iron Range of northern Minnesota. Following a period of volcanism 1.1 billion years ago, Minnesota's geological activity has been more subdued, with no volcanism or mountain formation, but with repeated incursions of the sea, which left behind multiple strata of sedimentary rock. In more recent times, massive ice sheets at least one kilometer thick ravaged the landscape of the state and sculpted its current terrain. The Wisconsin glaciation left...
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...Submitted to: Submitted by: Prof. Murali Murti Chandan Kumar Chand (1PI11MBA41) CONTENT 1. Introduction to the Company: a. History b. Present status in industry c. Summary of business areas and products / services d. Organization structure e. Marketing & Sales Organizational Structure 2. Structure of the industry: f. Size and growth rates g. Major players 3. Buyer behavior in the industry: h. Typical buying centre and characteristics for the industry i. Zinc Users around the world 4. Market segments and positioning: j. Market segments in the industry k. Segments addressed by the subject company l. Positioning adopted in each segment 5. Products / Services strategies 6. Channel and Distribution strategies 7. Pricing Strategies: m. Pricing determinants for industry n. Pricing strategies of company 8. Place 9. Consolidated SWOT analysis of company’s marketing operations 10. Financial Scorecard 11. Operational Scorecard 12. Recommendations for the future 1. Introduction to the Company History * An integrated mining and resources producer of zinc, lead, silver and cadmium. * Hindustan Zinc (HZL) was incorporated from the erstwhile Metal Corporation of India on January 10, 1966 as a Public Sector Undertaking. * A subsidiary of Vedanta Resources PLC. The world's...
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...CoNTE j\:\PORA.R'f Contents Foreword Preface iii v Chapter 1 The Cold War Era 1 Chapter 2 The End of Bipolarity 17 Chapter 3 US Hegemony in World Politics 31 Chapter 4 Alternative Centres of Power 51 Chapter 5 Contemporary South Asia 65 Chapter 6 International Organisations 81 Chapter 7 Security in the Contemporary World 99 Chapter 8 Environment and Natural Resources 117 Chapter 9 Globalisation 135 Chapter 1 The Cold War Era OVERVIEW This chapter provides a backdrop to the entire book. The end of the Cold War is usually seen as the beginning of the contemporary era in world politics which is the subject matter of this book. It is, therefore, appropriate that we begin the story with a discussion of the Cold War. The chapter shows how the dominance of two superpowers, the United States of America and the Soviet Union, was central to the Cold War. It tracks the various arenas of the Cold War in different parts of the world. The chapter views the NonAligned Movement (NAM) as a challenge to the dominance of the two superpowers and describes the attempts by the non-aligned countries to establish a New International Economic Order (NIEO) as a means of attaining economic development and political independence. It concludes with an assessment of India’s role in NAM and asks how successful the policy of nonalignment has been in protecting India’s interests. The end of the Second...
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...tiers of human development) and thus moving further along the development continuum. With expert leg-growth has been the main approach to development, trade may not be the only panacea for development. Other approaches to development such as aid and political avenues also have to be explored. However, the main process to development is industrialisation (manufactured goods create more income than raw materials/primary products) with this we see countries moving through the Clark Fisher model; moving from primary through to tertiary sectors. This increased revenue would promote wealth and improving living standards. In turn, this would make way for the 'trickling down' effect, the increased wealth means surplus money would be available for new industry to be established. Furthermore, this surplus of money may be reinvested into vital infrastructure and increasing the indices needed to value the HDI. Exploring and analysing approaches to development will form the basis of my conclusion. Over the last three decades China has experienced a remarkable transformation, going from being a poor and largely agricultural economy to becoming the world’s industrial powerhouse. Much of China’s remarkable growth between 1978 and 2000 can be explained by the reform. China’s rise as a major global economy was boosted by its WTO membership in 2001 opened its economy through export led growth. By...
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