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1.The begin of EMU, EMU convergence criteria.

Purpose:
The main purpose of European Monetary Union(EMU) is to establish a single European currency called the Euro to substitute for the currency of the member countries. At present, the member countries include Germany, France, Belgium, Luxembourg, Austria, Finland, Ireland, the Netherlands, Italy, Spain, and Portugal.
Process:
European monetary system came from the European Monetary Union.OEEC-Organization for European Economic Cooperation established The European Payments Union in 1950 ,which was replaced by European Monetary Agreement in 1958. Although it did not have concrete ideas of monetary integration, it started the process of European monetary union. December 1969, the EC formally proposed the establishment of the European Economic and Monetary Union and designed the schedule, But the first 10 years of progress is not smooth. July 1978, in order to fight against the dependence on the U.S. dollar, they established the European Monetary System formally.
In March 1979, European communities began to execute the construction plan of the European Monetary system. In December 1991, the 12 member countries of the European communities signed a treaty named Economic and monetary union treaty, which regulate that the EMU should be established no later than January 1st, 1999.
At that time, a unified currency, a unified central bank and a unified monetary policy will be achieved. After the Maastricht Treaty was approved by the parliaments of the member countries, it became effective on November 1st 1993, while the European communities renamed European Union. They established European Monetary Institute in 1994 and named the European single currency as Euro in December 1995.
On July 1st 1998, European Central Bank was set up, Euro launched officially on January 1st 1999. 1999 to 2001 was the transition period of

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