Part Ⅰ Questions 1-- 15

You will now hear fifteen items, each made up of a single spoken statement followed by four spoken responses. Choose the most appropriate response to the statement.

1. (a) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (a) 5. (a) 6. (a) 7. (a) 8. (a)

(b) (b) (b) (b) (b) (b) (b) (b)

(c) (c) (c) (c) (c) (c) (c) (c)

(d) (d) (d) (d) (d) (d) (d) (d)

9. (a) 10. (a) 11. (a) 12. (a) 13. (a) 14. (a) 15. (a)

(b) (b) (b) (b) (b) (b) (b)

(c) (c) (c) (c) (c) (c) (c)

(d) (d) (d) (d) (d) (d) (d)

Part Ⅱ Questions 16-- 30

You will now hear fifteen conversation fragments, each made up of three spoken statements followed by four spoken responses. Choose the most appropriate response to complete the conversation.

16. (a) 17. (a) 18. (a) 19. (a) 20. (a) 21. (a) 22. (a) 23. (a)

(b) (b) (b) (b) (b) (b) (b) (b)

(c) (c) (c) (c) (c) (c) (c) (c)

(d) (d) (d) (d) (d) (d) (d) (d)

24. (a) 25. (a) 26. (a) 27. (a) 28. (a) 29. (a) 30. (a)

(b) (b) (b) (b) (b) (b) (b)

(c) (c) (c) (c) (c) (c) (c)

(d) (d) (d) (d) (d) (d) (d)

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Listening comprehension

Part Ⅲ Questions 31-- 40

You will now hear ten complete conversations. For each item, you will hear a conversation and its corresponding question which will be read twice. Then you will hear four options which will be read only once. Choose the option that best answers the question.

31. (a) 32. (a) 33. (a) 34. (a) 35. (a)

(b) (b) (b) (b) (b)

(c) (c) (c) (c) (c)

(d) (d) (d) (d) (d)

36. (a) 37. (a) 38. (a) 39. (a) 40. (a)

(b) (b) (b) (b) (b)

(c) (c) (c) (c) (c)

(d) (d) (d) (d) (d)

Part Ⅳ Questions 41-- 50

You will now hear ten spoken monologues. For each item, you will hear a monologue and its corresponding question which will be read twice. Then you will hear four options which will be read only once. Choose the option that best answers the question.

41. (a) 42. (a) 43. (a) 44. (a) 45. (a)

(b) (b) (b) (b) (b)

(c) (c) (c) (c) (c)

(d) (d) (d) (d) (d)

46. (a) 47. (a) 48. (a) 49. (a) 50. (a)

(b) (b) (b) (b) (b)

(c) (c) (c) (c) (c)

(d) (d) (d) (d) (d)

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Part Ⅰ Questions 1-- 3

Part

Ⅱ Questions 4-- 6

Choose the best answer for the blank.

Choose the best answer for the blank.

1. A: Give me _________! I can’t go any faster. B: Okay, fine. Sorry to have pressured you. (a) break (b) a break (c) the break (d) breaks 2. A: No one _________ back in the 1950s that South Korea would be the model of success that it is today. B: True. It is an Asian miracle. (a) would predict (b) should predict (c) would have predicted (d) should have predicted 3. A: People in charge of the Urban Renewal program in Boston _________ responsible for tearing down many of the beautiful brick buildings. B: Yes, they did a lot of destruction. (a) is (b) are (c) was (d) were

4. The cost of hard drives, used in computers for storing data in large quantities, _________ rapidly for many years. (a) were falling (b) was fallen (c) has been falling (d) have been fallen 5. Whitney Houston, considered by many fans to be _________ in the late 20th century, plans to sing at the Caudwell Children’s Legend Ball at Battersea Evolution. (a) one of the greatest singer (b) which is the greatest singer (c) the greatest singer (d) as a greatest singer 6. Had the late Ernest Hemingway not suffered from depression, he _________ a writer. (a) may have been (b) might not become (c) may not be (d) might not have become

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Grammar

Part Ⅲ Questions 7-- 8

Part

Ⅳ Questions 9-- 10

Identify the option that contains an awkward expression or an error in grammar.

Identify the option that contains an awkward expression or an error in grammar.

7. (a) A: How much your new job pays? (b) B: Eighty thousand a year. (c) A: That’s less than you made at your last job. (d) B: I know, but I really enjoy it, so it’s worth the pay cut. 8. (a) A: Do you think John still wants to go hiking tomorrow morning? (b) B: I haven’t seen him for a couple of days, but I’m sure he is. (c) A: Don’t you work in the same office together? (d) B: We do, but John’s been away on business for a couple of days.

9. (a) A painting, thinking to be by French impressionist Claude Monet, has been determined to be a forgery. (b) The painting, which is owned by the WallrafRichartz Museum in Cologne Germany, was being restored when the forgery was discovered. (c) The restorers noticed that the picture was covered with a transparent glaze used to simulate the aging process. (d) They also discovered that not only had the painting been signed twice, but the signatures were fraudulent as well. 10. (a) The May Fair Hotel in London is celebrating the fact that 2008 is a Leap Year. (b) From February 15 to March 15, guests can enjoy a one-night stay in a studio suite for the amazingly low price of £540, including taxes. (c) Guests who reserve the suite for the evening of February 29 will be treated to a complimentary bottle of champagne and chocolate-covered strawberries. (d) All guests, who participate in what the hotel is called a “Leap Year Proposal,” will receive a free breakfast.

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Part Ⅰ

Questions 1-- 5

Choose the best answer for the blank.

1. A: Who did this? Someone must be _________ accountable for the damages incurred. B: I’ll look into it right away. (a) taken (b) met (c) made (d) held 2. A: If this deal _________, it will represent a major breakthrough for the company. B: It could be the answer to all our prayers. (a) takes over (b) goes through (c) gets over (d) falls through 3. A: Do you think Mrs. Johnson will notice this _________ glass? B: Are you kidding? She’s got eyes like a hawk. (a) chipped (b) sheared (c) clipped (d) fenced

4. A: You really need to take a holiday before you crack under the _________. B: I know. I was just thinking the same thing. (a) amnesty (b) strain (c) debacle (d) circumlocution 5. A: We should do something to decrease emissions from cars. B: Right. How about buying an environmentally friendly vehicle for a(n) _________? (a) beginner (b) starter (c) interrupter (d) commencer

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Vocabulary

Part Ⅱ

Questions 6 -- 10

Choose the best answer for the blank.

6. George’s wife was so _________ that she used to go through his pockets every night. (a) gregarious (b) suspicious (c) introspective (d) outgoing 7. Two instructors were at _________ after having contrasting reactions to a study suggesting first-born males had higher IQ scores than their brothers. (a) large (b) ease (c) odds (d) stake 8. _________ booklets are piled up at the entrance, so please help yourself. (a) Complementary (b) Complimentary (c) Impetuous (d) Incessant

9. It says here it is free from _________ in material and workmanship during the warranty period. (a) detriments (b) decadence (c) defiances (d) defects 10. After Jason was found guilty and got a life _________, he appealed to the Supreme Court and won. (a) passage (b) phrase (c) sentence (d) excerpt

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Part

Ⅰ Questions 1--15

Read the passage. Then choose the option that best completes the passage.

1. Identity theft has unfortunately become an increasingly common problem. The police department’s commercial crime branch estimates that it costs the economy at least one million dollars a day. While it is already a crime to use someone’s personal data to commit fraud, it is currently legal to compile others’ personal information for a possible future unlawful purpose. Police can only charge someone with a crime after they’ve committed fraud and ____________________ if they discover that a person is collecting personal information or banking documents from others. (a) can do nothing (b) can hold them accountable (c) can arrest them (d) can bring them to justice

2. This discount applies only to train passes purchased outside of Europe, at any participating Travel Companion office. The train pass is valid over a period of 180 days from the date of activation, and can be used for unlimited travel within this time frame. The pass costs $675 per adult, a savings of over 40% compared with train passes ____________________. Please note: this offer is only valid while quantities last. Please call your nearest Travel Companion office to purchase your ticket early. (a) purchased outside of Europe (b) bought within Europe (c) used daily in Europe (d) sold outside of Europe

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Reading Comprehension

3. Increasingly, scientists are becoming concerned about preserving the world’s plant diversity. The threats to diversity include climate change, monoculture and genetically engineered seeds. Monoculture refers to extremely large farms where only one crop is grown. Increasingly, large farms run by corporations use only genetically engineered seeds that require very high-quality soils and increased use of chemicals. To ensure that seeds from a wide variety of plants ____________________, universities and research institutions are opening seed banks. The newest seed bank opened in February 2008. It is located in Svalbard, Norway and can store seeds from more than 4.5 million varieties of plants. (a) can be used as food sources (b) are not lost to future generations (c) can yield more food than ever (d) can be used as an alternative fuels

4. The California Condor is a large black vulture with flashes of white on the underside of the wings. The skin on its primarily bald head changes color from yellowish to bright red, depending on the bird’s mood. In the late 19th century, poaching, lead poisoning and habitat destruction threatened the survival of the species. At one time there were fewer than 25 birds in existence. In a dramatic attempt to save these birds, all of the wild condors were captured in 1987 and a breeding program was instituted at the San Diego Wild Animal Park and the Los Angeles Zoo. While ____________________, the program has been remarkably successful and California Condors are now breeding in the wild. (a) not many people are interested (b) too many condors are destroying habitat (c) condors are still not plentiful (d) the number of condors has increased too much

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5. The diet of the upper class in the Elizabethan period consisted of ____________________. Meals often included a variety of beef, pork, mutton, chicken and such exotic fare as woodcock, rabbit, venison and even crane. For large feasts, a wide selection of meats would be available, with guests ordering a sampling of the dish they most favored. In the 16th century, meat was usually slaughtered in the fall and, lacking refrigeration, had to be pickled or salted to be kept through the winter. Asian spices were in high demand because they hid the taste of salted meat or recently slaughtered meat that had passed its prime. (a) pickled or salted vegetables (b) wholesome organic produce (c) fresh meat all year round (d) large varieties of meat

6. With Excel Hi-Speed Internet, you have more control over your Internet. Our music service allows you to customize your own online radio station. It’ll be the only music station in the world that ____________________, because it’s yours. What’s more, Excel Hi-Speed Internet offers the fastest residential high speed Internet service in the country. There’s so much more to see, explore and do with Excel Hi-Speed Internet. Our e-mail service offers unlimited storage, security features, a customizable homepage and other premium services. See for yourself at www.excelinternet.com! (a) broadcasts live music (b) plays what you want (c) is the fastest in the country (d) offers cheaper rates

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Reading Comprehension

7. Given that we can neither manufacture nor store any considerable amount of vitamin C, eating it regularly in whole fruits and vegetables or taking supplements is an absolute necessity. Studies have shown that many individuals, especially those under chronic emotional, psychological and physical stress, have lowered levels of vitamin C. Chronic stress can dramatically increase vitamin C excretion in the urine. Research has also shown that vitamin C can prevent the formation of certain cancer-causing compounds since low blood levels of vitamin C are correlated to ____________________. (a) a lower risk of being struck with cancer (b) an increased risk of being depressed (c) a greater risk of having certain forms of cancer (d) prevention of all kinds of cancer

8.

Dear Mr. Lowden, On behalf of the budget committee of the Bridlewood Senior Center, I __________________, in the amount of $4,780 for installation and maintenance of three computers. We have decided to go with your Option C, which substitutes a lower-cost Celeron processor for the Pentium 4, and also includes three track balls, which you have convinced us are easier to use than mice. Please contact me at your earliest convenience to discuss a timetable for preparation of the recreation room and installation of the computers. Sincerely,

Jack Miller
(a) am pleased to accept your bid (b) want to clear the outstanding balance (c) would like to bid the contract (d) will generate funds

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9. Being on time for appointments, even casual social ones, is very important to all Germans. Germans are also more formal in ____________________ than Americans. Always address acquaintances as Herr (Mr.) or Frau (Mrs.) plus their last name; do not call them by their first name unless invited to do so. The German language has an informal and formal pronoun for “you” formal is “Sie,” and informal is “du.” Even if adults are on a first-name basis with one another, they may still keep the Sie form between them. (a) inviting someone to their house (b) addressing each other (c) being on time for appointments (d) making friends with each other

10. One of Central America’s greatest attractions is ____________________. As part of a trip to Central America, studying Spanish is a great way to absorb local culture, give a sense of purpose in a secondary town most travelers blaze through and actually learn something. Schools often work to help the disadvantaged in their communities. Many schools are excellent and prices throughout the region are very reasonable. It is possible to study for four hours a day with a private experienced teacher and stay with a local family for around US$220 per week. (a) the state of the art facilities (b) the exquisite local food (c) the friendly atmosphere (d) the language schools

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Reading Comprehension

11.

Dear Business Owner: The annual Shoreville High School job fair will be held on Friday, May 13th from 10 am until noon in the school gymnasium. Those of you who have been involved in the past know that this is a great opportunity for businesses in need of summer help to meet our very impressive group of students. Please notify Mrs. Ronald in my office that you will be joining us this year, and tell her what your space requirements will be for your booth. We will provide folding tables and chairs, and will try to ______________. We hope to see you at the fair. Sincerely,

Jonathan Normal , Principal
Shoreville High School (a) recruit more students than ever (b) accommodate any other special requests (c) renovate the school gymnasium (d) promote the annual job fair religiously

12. The Khmer Rouge revolution was in a sense a religious movement under which citizens were instructed that salvation could be found in _______________. People were requested to make sacrifices for the good of “Angkar” ― which basically means a higher collective community. Hence, Hinduism, Buddhism and animism were viewed as competing with this fundamental political ideology. In order to eradicate religion from the community, the Khumer Rouge assassinated monks, burned religious texts and defaced religious icons. More than half of the country’s temples were destroyed and those that were spared were converted into army barracks, forts and prisons to serve Angkar’s needs. (a) the power of the state (b) the religious enlightenment (c) the liberation from the monarchy (d) the punishment of sin

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13. Heraclitus was an ancient Greek philosopher whose theories were written in prose and riddles. In his writings, he announced that he would explain the nature of things according to Logos , the objective principle of order in the world. Although the Logos is available to all people, most mortals ignore it, living like sleepwalkers, in a dream world of their own. The philosopher’s task, according to Heraclitus, is to explain everyday truths in such a way that their underlying meaning ____________________. (a) can prompt people to realize how boring their lives are (b) can clearly show what a philosopher’s life is like (c) can be revealed to make people read more books (d) can leap to one’s attention, like the solution of a riddle

14. Carrots, along with sweet potatoes, pumpkins, mangoes, cantaloupes and apricots, contain beta-carotene, which is good for your eyes. Beta-carotene is a carotenoid pigment found in bright-orange fruits and vegetables. When ingested, it is converted into retinol, which is a type of vitamin A. Vitamin A is important for healthy eyes, because it prevents night blindness and helps maintain clear corneas (the outer membrane of the eye). ____________________, carrots contain lutein (an antioxidant) and zeaxanthin, two other strange-sounding carotenoids, which are also found in dark-green and leafy vegetables, such as spinach, collard greens and kale. (a) In addition (b) Nonetheless (c) Overall (d) In reality

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Reading Comprehension

15. The 20th century has brought new ideas and two internationally renowned authors from Peru. Easily the most famous ― and most notorious ― is a Peruvian writer Mario Vargas Llosa. His first novel, La Ciudad y los Perros (1963), commented indirectly on political injustice. Many of his works, such as La Casa Verde (1969) have been stylistically experimental as well as controversial. In 1990 Llosa unsuccessfully ran against Alberto Fujimori for the presidency of Peru. ____________________, the lost election has not affected the quality of his writing ― one of his newer works Lituma en los Andes (1993), is regarded as one of his best. (a) Additionally (c) In contrast (b) For example (d) However

Part Ⅱ Questions 16 -- 30

Read the passage and the question. Then choose the option that best answers the question.

16.

Dear Mr. President, I am greatly disturbed by your reported plan to promote the development of offshore oil drilling sites on the California coast, the Gulf of Mexico, and the New Jersey shore. I strongly urge you to consider the environmental hazards in drilling near these heavily populated areas. The devastating effects of the Prince William Sound spill in 1988 would be multiplied many times over should such an accident occur in these waters. It is time to institute conservation measures that provide long-term solutions to our energy needs without jeopardizing our environment. I urge you and your government to explore other options and stop the expansion of offshore drilling efforts. Sincerely,

R. T. Ritter
Q: What is the main idea of the letter? (a) To promote environmentally friendly energy sources (b) To urge the president to reconsider his plans (c) To endorse the technology used in offshore drilling (d) To inform the president of the energy crisis
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17. In the minds of many Americans, cowboys and the Wild West are quintessentially American institutions, but from the very beginning, the culture and language of the United States have featured a complex mixture to which many different groups have contributed. A number of “typically American” words associated with cowboys were borrowed from American Spanish. These borrowings include buckaroo, corral , lasso, mustang, ranch, rodeo and stampede . Buckaroo, interestingly, is an example of a word borrowed twice: it is an Americanized form of the Spanish vaquero , which also made it into English as vaquero , “cowboy.” The Spanish word is derived from vaca , “cow.” Q: Which of the following best summarizes this passage? (a) Languages are highly influenced by other languages. (b) Spanish is closely related to American English. (c) The history of the cowboy originated in Spain. (d) Americans consider themselves to be the only true cowboys.

18. A recent study has shown that the average vocabulary of a grade five student today is 20% less than the average vocabulary of the same level student 10 years ago. These findings are specific to North America and are the result of a test designed to draw out the number of words a student understands and is able to define. This study suggests a failure of the public school system. Don Redmond, a spokesman for the Federal Department of Education, has responded by requesting an in-depth look into the public elementary school curriculum. Q: What is this passage about? (a) The number of languages an average grade five student speaks (b) A drop in the average vocabulary of grade five students (c) A 20% failure rate amongst grade five students in North America (d) An overview of the revised public elementary school curriculum

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Reading Comprehension

19. Multiple Sclerosis is caused by a gradual breakdown of the fat which surrounds each nerve. Under normal circumstances, this fatty tissue helps to speed up the movement of a neural impulse. If, for example, a person wants to raise their arm, the brain sends a signal to the arm to move upwards. A healthy nerve, which is covered in fatty tissue, will send the signal faster than the nerve of a person with multiple sclerosis. People with multiple sclerosis gradually lose control of their muscles. Q: According to the passage, what is the primary function of the fatty tissue? (a) It causes the arms to move upwards. (b) It helps a neural signal travel more quickly. (c) It inhibits nerve impulses. (d) It controls multiple muscles in the body.

20.

Dear Martha, I watch your show religiously and your recipes have been a success at every potluck I’ve been to this year. I’ve just found this easy appetizer recipe and thought that I’d share it with you and your viewers. All it takes is a pound of grapes, a hundred grams of goat’s cheese, and a cup of crushed pistachio nuts. First, place half a teaspoon of the cheese on a piece of saran wrap. Place a grape in the center and wrap the cheese around it. Remove the wrap, dip the cheese-ball in the pistachio nuts, and presto ― grape and cheese delight! Enjoy!

Wendy Winehouse
Q: According to this letter, how does Wendy know Martha? (a) Wendy and Martha are in a cooking group. (b) Martha is the instructor of Wendy’s cooking class. (c) Wendy watches Martha’s cooking program. (d) Wendy and Martha go to potlucks together.

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21. In 2001, the US State Department reported child slavery on Ivory Coast cocoa farms, the origin of 43% of the world’s cocoa. Hundreds of thousands of children complete dangerous tasks on cocoa farms. At least 12,000 child cocoa workers have come to their present situation through trafficking. Most child cocoa workers in the Ivory Coast do not have the opportunity to go to school. The same investigation identified poverty as the cause ― West African cocoa revenues average only $30—$108 per year per household member. These impoverished producers have no choice but to keep their kids out of school to work on cocoa farms, or even use child slaves. Q: What is to blame for the high number of child workers in the cocoa industry? (a) The lack of skilled workers (b) The number of children in West Africa (c) The high cost of living on the Ivory Coast (d) The poor wages in the cocoa industry

22. Cosmetic surgery has been gaining popularity on an international level, especially across Asia. Cosmetic surgery refers to the enhancement of appearance through surgery and/or medical techniques. As these types of surgeries and treatments become more prominent, it is important that the risks are understood as well. Of course, there are risks associated with any type of surgery, be it cosmetic or otherwise. However, the risks associated with cosmetic surgeries are far less publicized, and many people are unaware of them. Anyone going in for surgery of any kind should carefully research the risks involved. Q: According to the passage, which of the following is correct? (a) The dangers of cosmetic surgery are not well-known by the public. (b) Cosmetic surgeries have more risks than other procedures. (c) Patients should depend on cosmetic surgeons to research surgery risks. (d) Cosmetic enhancements have been losing popularity.

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Reading Comprehension

23. Work conditions in shrimp processing plants leave much to be desired. The owners reportedly hold many female workers in Indian shrimp-peeling factories virtual captives. They may sleep above the processing units, where the inhalation of odors and ammonia refrigerants is unavoidable. Common complaints include skin problems and backache from standing for prolonged periods. Urinary tract infections are linked to inadequate toilet facilities. Handling ice-cold food for long hours has also been linked to arthritis. In 2000, there were widespread reports of processing plant workers having half their $30 monthly salary deducted to pay for a daily meal of thin watery soup. Q: Which is correct about shrimp processing plants according to the passage? (a) Employees make too little money to escape the poor conditions. (b) Employees are compensated for poor working conditions. (c) Chemicals have been found to leak into the food products. (d) Food and lodging offered to the workers are superb.

24. Thomas De Quincy was an English writer and intellectual, best known for his

autobiographical novel, Confessions of an English Opium-Eater . The book was originally published in 1821 and was extremely controversial. Open discussion of addiction was not acceptable. The conservative Victorian establishment found De Quincy to be reprehensible and morally corrupt. De Quincy seemed oblivious to the furor his book generated. He published a second edition in which he freely named famous poets, notably Samuel Taylor Coleridge, who had since passed away but who had shared his affection for opium.
Q: Why was De Quincy’s first autobiographical novel controversial? (a) It included gossip about famous English poets. (b) It offended the sensibilities of conventional Victorians. (c) It condoned the use of addictive substances. (d) It insulted Queen Victoria and the English aristocracy.

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25. There are two types of casting materials: plaster and fiberglass. Until a cast is completely dry, it is soft and can be easily dented or cracked. Plaster casts take 48 hours to dry and fiberglass casts take 20 minutes. While the cast is drying, leave it uncovered. Air is needed to dry it. You can also support the cast on a soft pillow. Avoid resting the cast on hard surfaces or sharp edges to prevent pressure on the skin underneath the cast. Also, do not walk or put weight on the cast, even if it is a walking cast, until it is fully dry. Q: Which of the following is important to remember while the cast is drying? (a) Resting the cast on hard surfaces will cause discomfort. (b) Do not put pressure on the cast, unless it is a walking cast. (c) Cover the cast if there is a chance it will get wet. (d) Elevate the cast by resting it on a wooden stool or table to aid circulation.

26. The promotion of milk as a good source of calcium and an important factor in maintaining strong bones is a highly deceptive marketing tactic. Dairy products offer a false sense of security to those concerned about osteoporosis. In countries where diary products are not generally consumed, there is actually less incidence of osteoporosis than in the US and Canada. Studies have shown that dairy products have little effect on osteoporosis. One study followed 78,000 women for a 12-year period and found that milk did not protect against bone fractures. Indeed, those who drank three glasses of milk per day had more fractures than those who rarely drank milk. Q: What surprising results did the study show? (a) Broken and fractured bones are usually a result of osteoporosis. (b) Increased milk consumption does not prevent fragile bones. (c) Dairy consumption and obesity are closely related. (d) Thousands of women break their bones each year.

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Reading Comprehension

27. October is Food Safety Education Month and this is a great time to remember the importance of not transferring harmful bacteria that cause food borne illness, from foods to other foods, cutting boards or utensils. In order to keep your food safe and to prevent you from getting sick, always wash your hands, cutting boards, dishes and utensils with hot, soapy water after handling raw meat, poultry, seafood, eggs or fresh fruits and vegetables. You should also avoid putting raw meats and the juices from raw meats close to other foods in your shopping cart, on your kitchen counter or in your refrigerator. This way, you will avoid cross-contaminating your foods. Q: Which is correct according to the announcement? (a) Washing in hot water completely eliminates harmful bacteria. (b) Raw eggs do not contain bacteria that can cross-contaminate other foods. (c) Cross-contamination can be reduced by washing your hands frequently. (d) All raw foods should be kept together so other foods do not get contaminated.

28. Please be informed that effective December 4, 2008, we will no longer be residing at this mailing address. Please send all mail to the following address: 789-5th Street NE, NYC, NY, 10098. Any mail sent between the dates of December 4 and January 4 will be redirected to the new address. However, beyond this date, mail sent to the old address will be returned to the sender. Please update your address books accordingly. Further, please note that our home phone number will remain the same following the move. Q: What can be inferred from the passage? (a) This letter was given to the tenant as notice of eviction. (b) Telephone numbers are transferable to a new address. (c) Mail received at the new address will be redirected. (d) The address given will only be valid until December 4th.

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29. We all know that animals communicate with each other in different ways, however the developing field of “animal communications” delves much deeper than many people might think. Referred to as zoosemiotics, the study of animal communication looks at how the behavior of one animal has an effect on the future behavior of another animal. Although not well-known, the understanding of animal communication is a quickly burgeoning field, branching off into the study of animal emotions, animal culture, and even social conduct. It is expected that within the next 25 years the field will have doubled in size. Q: What can be inferred from the passage? (a) The study of animal communications is a relatively new discipline. (b) Animals communicate with each other in similar ways to people. (c) In the next quarter century the field of zoosemiotics will be at capacity. (d) It is impossible to analyze how animals communicate with each other.

30. Once you have committed yourself to working out regularly, you must decide what you want to do for your weekly workout. Do you want to take an aerobics class four or five times per week? Or would you rather take a dance exercise class three times per week, while walking and doing strengthening and flexibility exercises at home twice a week? Whatever you decide, you must stick to it to gain the benefits of exercising. Exercising regularly must be as habitual as brushing your teeth. Your mind and body will become accustomed to exercising at a certain time on particular days and will miss it if you skip your regular routine. Q: What can be inferred from the passage? (a) Finding an exercise that you enjoy makes the time go faster. (b) It is most beneficial to exercise at least six days per week. (c) Exercising should be incorporated into your daily routine. (d) Aerobics is the most effective exercise.

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정답 & 해설

Listening Comprehension
1. (c) M: How would you like your tea? (a) Whatever is the least expensive. (b) The more, the better. (c) However you’re having it, thanks. (d) It’s not my cup of tea.
차를 어떻게 해 줄 지 묻고 있으므로 ‘당신이 먹는 대로 먹겠다’는 (c) 가 적절한 응답이 된다. (b)는 ‘많으면 많을수록 좋다’, (d)는 ‘그건 내 취향이 아니다’라는 뜻이다.

(c) You don’t have to apologize. (d) I couldn’t agree more.
‘흡연은 건강에 심각한 영향을 끼치므로 잭은 담배를 끊어야 한다’고 의견을 밝히고 있으므로 ‘나도 정말 그렇게 생각한다’고 동의하는 (d) 가 적절한 응답이 된다. (b)는 ‘당신은 담배를 많이 핀다’는 뜻이므로 답이 될 수 없다.

2. (b) W: Has Jane checked out my new website yet? (a) Yes, but I have a few comments about the design. (b) Not that I know of. Why don’t you ask her? (c) I tried, but I think I got the address wrong. (d) No, I haven’t been near my computer all day.
제인이 웹사이트를 확인했는지 묻고 있으므로 ‘내가 아는 한 아닌 것 같다’며 직접 그녀에게 물어 보라고 하는 (b)가 적절한 응답이 된다.

7. (c) M: This problem is beyond me. I quit! (a) It is difficult, but I’ve got to keep trying. (b) I love problem solving quizzes. (c) Don’t throw in the towel yet. (d) Why don’t you tell me how you resolved it?
‘포기한다’는 말에 대해 ‘아직 포기 하지 말라’고 조언하는 (c)가 정답 이 된다. throw in the towel은 권투와 같은 스포츠에서 나온 표현으로 ‘기권하다, 포기하다’라는 뜻이다. (a)의 경우 It is difficult, but you’ve got to keep trying으로 바꿔야 답이 될 수 있다.

3. (c) M: Hi, this is Andro. May I speak to John Saunders, please? (a) I left the phone off the hook. Sorry. (b) Nice to finally meet you, Andro. (c) He’s on the other line. Would you like me to put you on hold? (d) I am glad to make your acquaintance.
전화로 John Saunders를 바꿔달라고 했으므로 다른 전화를 받고 있 다며 통화 대기 시켜도 되겠는지 묻고 있는 (c)가 정답이 된다. (a)는 ‘전화 수화기를 내려놓았다’는 뜻이다.

8. (a) W: You’ve been getting to bed late all week. What’s up? (a) I’m working on a big assignment. (b) I tossed and turned last night. (c) You’ve been suffering from insomnia. (d) You should get a decent amount of rest.
잠을 잘 못잔 이유를 묻고 있으므로 ‘중요한 일을 맡고 있어서 그렇다’ 는 (a)가 정답이 된다. (b)는 ‘지난밤에 뒤척거렸다’는 뜻이고 (c)는 I’ ve been suffering from insomnia로 바꿔야 답이 될 수 있다.

4. (b) W: Hi, Bill. How have you been? (a) Very little. It’s like a morgue in here. (b) Never been better. (c) There’s nothing like it. (d) Not much.
How have you been?으로 지금까지 어떻게 지냈는지 묻고 있으므로 I have never been better에서 I have를 생략한 Never been better가 적절하다. (a)와 (d)는 What’s up?에 대한 응답이므로 조심하자.

9. (b) M: I got a ticket for making an illegal left-hand turn. (a) The same thing just happened to her yesterday. (b) Oh, no! That’s too bad. (c) You should thank your lucky stars. (d) I don’t plan on doing that again.
‘불법 좌회전을 해서 딱지를 떼였다’는 말에 대한 응답을 골라야 하므 로 ‘이를 어째, 안됐다’라고 위로하고 있는 (b)가 정답이 된다. (a)는 The same thing just happened to me yesterday로 바꿔야 답이 될 수 있다.

5. (d) M: What brings you to New York? (a) I’ll have a fantastic time. (b) I’m going home soon. (c) By train. How about you? (d) I wanted to experience big city life.
무슨 일로 뉴욕에 왔는지 묻고 있으므로 ‘대도시 생활을 해 보고 싶어 서 왔다’는 (d)가 답이 된다. What brings you ~?는 교통수단을 물어 보는 것이 아니므로 (c)는 답이 될 수 없다. 교통수단을 물어볼 때는 How did you come to New York?처럼 How라는 의문사를 쓴다.

10. (d) W: Could you check my email for me? (a) No, but what is your password? (b) I sent the check in the mail last Thursday. (c) I don’t have the time. You should mail it by yourself. (d) Are you sure you want me to do that?
이메일을 확인해 달라는 부탁에 대해 정말 그렇게 하기를 원하는지 되 묻는 (d)가 정답이 된다. (a)는 Of course. What is your password? 로 바꿔야 답이 될 수 있다. (c)는 ‘그럴 시간이 없으니 네가 스스로 우 편으로 보내’라고 했으므로 답이 될 수 없다.

6. (d) W: Smoking has devastating effects on health. Jack should stop smoking. (a) You’d better leave now. (b) You’re a heavy smoker.

11. (a) M: Weren’t you supposed to call me yesterday morning? (a) I don’t recall us making that arrangement. (b) I’m calling from a payphone. (c) Were you? It slipped my mind. (d) Isn’t that too early for you?

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‘어제 아침에 전화하기로 되어 있었지 않았냐’는 말에 대해 ‘그런 약속 했던 기억이 없다’는 (a)가 정답이 된다. (c)는 Were you?를 Was I? 로 바꿔야 가능한 답이 될 수 있다. It slipped my mind는 ‘깜빡했다’ 는 뜻이다.

다른 주문할 것이 있는지 묻고 있으므로 ‘없다’고 하는 (a)가 정답이 된다. (b)의 경우 No를 빼고 그냥 I’d like a small coke라고 하면 답이 될 수 있다.

12. (c) W: I think Peter deserves to get all the credit. (a) Well, what do you think? (b) I don’t think so. The project was his brainchild from the get-go. (c) Absolutely! He worked night and day on that project. (d) Yes, I trust Peter because he’s my best friend.
‘피터가 모든 공로를 인정받아야 한다’는 여자의 말에 대해 동의를 하 면서 ‘밤낮으로 열심히 일했다’고 한 (c)가 정답이 된다. (b)는 I don’t think so를 So do I로 바꿔야 답이 될 수 있다.

17. (a) M: What are your plans once you are certified? W: I’d like to work for a large firm for a few years. M: Have you started applying yet? (a) Yes, and I’ve already received one offer. (b) Yes, I’ll graduate next month. (c) Yes, it’s still too soon for that. (d) No, but still no response.
구직을 시작했는지 묻고 있으므로 ‘이미 시작을 해서 한 군데에서 벌 써 취업 제안을 받았다’는 (a)가 정답이 된다. (d)는 Yes, but still no response로 바꿔야 답이 될 수 있다.

13. (b) M: The finish line’s just a kilometer away. Just hang in there. (a) But I think you’re about to faint. (b) You’re killing me! My legs are about to fall off. (c) Let’s do the run tomorrow instead. (d) You said it. Trying wouldn’t hurt.
(a)는 you’re about to faint를 I’m about to faint로 바꿔야 답이 될 수 있다. 결승선이 가깝다고 힘내라는 말에 대해 ‘힘들어 죽겠다’고 하면 서 ‘다리가 떨어져 나갈 것 같다’는 (b)가 정답이 된다. (d)는 ‘맞아. 해 봐서 손해 볼 것은 없잖아’라는 뜻이다.

18. (d) W: Hi, I just got a message to call this number. M: Do you have the name of the person who left the message? W: I could barely catch the name, but I think it was Joey Simon. (a) Okay, I’ll hold while you connect me. (b) Yes, I called you last week. (c) You can reach him anytime. (d) Joey is out now. Would you like to speak to another agent?
전화를 해서 Joey Simon을 찾고 있으므로 지금 없다고 하면서 다른 사람과 통화를 하고 싶은지 묻고 있는 (d)가 정답이 된다. (a)는 Okay, please hold while I connect you로 바꿔야 답이 될 수 있다.

14. (c) M: I love your dress. (a) It’s good to be spoiled. (b) Wherever did you get it? (c) This old thing? (d) Thanks. You’ve got me.
옷이 마음에 든다고 했으므로 ‘이 낡은 옷 말이야?’라고 되묻고 있는 (c)가 적절한 응답이 된다. (a)는 ‘대접을 잘 받는 게 너무나 좋다’, (d)는 ‘고마워, 잘 모르겠어’라는 뜻이므로 답이 될 수 없다.

15. (a) M: The movie was a beautiful study of love in all its forms. (a) I’m surprised that you enjoyed it so much. (b) I don’t see eye-to-eye with you on this issue. (c) I’ll have to take my husband to see that play. (d) I’m getting rather tired of studying.
영화를 보고 칭찬하는 남자의 말에 대해 ‘그렇게 재밌게 봤는지 몰랐 다’고 놀라고 있는 (a)가 적절한 응답이 된다. (c)는 I’ll have to take my husband to see that으로 바꿔야 답이 될 수 있다.

19. (d) M: Excuse me. Is this Dr. Roger’s office? W: Yes, it is. May I help you? M: Yes, I’m here for a job interview. My name is Jay Kim. (a) So, did the interview go well? (b) Oh, Jay is waiting inside for you. (c) Hi, Roger. You may wait over there. (d) Sorry, could you repeat your name?
남자가 이름을 밝혀 주고 있으므로 이름을 잘 못 알아들어서 확인하는 (d)가 적절한 응답이 된다. (b)는 Oh, George is waiting inside for you로, (c)는 Hi, Jay. You may wait over there로 바꿔야 답이 될 수 있다.

16. (a) W: Have you decided on what to order? M: Yes, I’d like a tuna fish sandwich on wheat bread, please. W: Anything else? (a) No, nothing else. (b) No, I’d like a small coke, too. (c) Yes, how much do you have? (d) Thank you but not now.

20. (d) M: Hello, is the doctor accepting walk-in patients today? W: Not today. We only do that on Saturdays. M: I see. Could you recommend another clinic where I can take my daughter? (a) Sure. Health comes first. (b) We can take you at five if that time is okay with you. (c) Certainly. I should try taking her to the Varsity clinic. (d) If the matter is urgent, you should take her to the emergency room at the hospital.

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정답 & 해설
다른 병원을 추천해 달라고 했으므로 급하면 응급실로 가라는 (d)가 정답이 된다. (a)는 ‘물론이죠, 건강이 제일 중요합니다’라는 뜻이므로 답이 될 수 없고, (c)는 Certainly. You should try taking her to the Varsity clinic으로 바꿔야 답이 될 수 있다.

21. (b) W: Can I help you with something? M: Yes, I’d like to exchange this jacket for a different size. W: I see. Do you want the same style? (a) It’s just not that comfortable. (b) Yes, I like the cut of this one. (c) I am biased against it. (d) Yes, I’d like something a bit dressier.
같은 스타일을 원하는지 묻고 있으므로 그렇다고 한 후에 왜 같은 스 타일을 원하는지 이유까지 밝혀 준 (b)가 정답이 된다. (c)는 ‘그것에 대한 편견이 있다’는 뜻이고, (d)는 Yes를 No로 바꿔야 한다.

M: No, I haven’t. I’ll do that tonight. W: You should see the Art History text. It’s beautiful, but it costs $120. (a) You’re pulling my leg. It didn’t cost me a dime. (b) That’s going to really blow my budget. (c) I don’t need your help on that. (d) I already know a lot about art history.
비싼 교재와 관련된 대화이므로 그 교재를 사면 예산이 엄청나게 초과 될 것이라고 걱정하는 (b)가 정답이 된다. (a)는 ‘농담하고 있구나, 전 혀 돈이 들지 않았다’는 뜻이므로 답이 될 수 없다.

22. (b) M: Is that your vacation album? W: Yes, come take a look. M: Why is your face all white? (a) I spent a lot of time in the sun. (b) It’s just the way the light is hitting my face. (c) I just painted it last year. (d) I need to apply sunscreen.
사진 속에 얼굴이 왜 하얀지 묻고 있으므로 ‘빛이 얼굴에 비쳐서 하얗 게 나왔다’는 (b)가 정답이 된다.

26. (b) M: So, Jennifer is hosting Yumi’s birthday party? W: That’s right. Could you bring along some snack foods? M: Sure, do you have anything in mind? (a) I don’t like chips and dip. What about you? (b) Maybe some popcorn and pretzels? (c) Some beer and wine would be good. (d) It’s too bad I can’t go.
(a)는 What about chips and dip?으로 바꿔야 답이 될 수 있다. snack foods로 팝콘과 프레첼을 언급한 (b)가 적절한 응답이 된다. chips and dip은 감자 칩 등과 칩을 찍어 먹을 수 있는 소스인 dip을 의미하고 프레첼은 짭짤한 맛이 나는 과자 비슷한 것으로 흔히 맥주 안주로 많이 먹는다.

23. (b) W: I’m thinking of selling my company shares. M: I wouldn’t. You know, a masseuse working for Google is now making 5 million a year from her company shares. W: Really? That’s great. But our company is no Google. (a) True enough. But you can do whatever you want. (b) Why don’t you think so? (c) Your shares are guaranteed to plummet. (d) The stock market is a rollercoaster ride these days.
‘우리 회사는 구글과 같은 회사가 아니다’라는 말에 대해서 왜 그렇게 생각하지 않는지 즉 왜 구글과 같은 회사가 될 수 없다고 생각하는지 이유를 묻고 있는 (b)가 정답이 된다. (a)는 True enough로 끝나면 답이 될 수 있다.

27. (b) W: Do you mind if I light up? M: Actually I do mind. When are you ever going to quit? W: Smoking keeps me thin. (a) Please observe the no smoking signs. (b) You can be thin and healthy through good diet and exercise. (c) That’s a good idea. (d) Smoking is not allowed here.
‘흡연으로 날씬한 몸을 유지한다’는 여자의 말에 대해 담배 말고 식이 요법과 운동으로 몸매와 건강을 유지하라고 권하는 (b)가 적절한 응 답이 된다. (a)는 ‘금연 표시를 지켜 주십시오’라는 뜻이므로 답이 될 수 없다.

24. (b) M: Sharon, are you available in an hour? W: Yes, why do you ask? M: I could use some help to pick up an order. (a) I’d really appreciate that. (b) I’m not sure I can do that because I have an appointment at two. (c) You’ve got a sprained wrist. Can’t Dave do it? (d) That won’t be necessary.
도와달라는 요청에 대해서 ‘2시에 약속이 있어서 가능할 지 잘 모르겠 다’는 (b)가 정답이 된다. (c)는 I’ve got a sprained wrist; can’t Dave do it?으로 바꿔야 답이 될 수 있다.

28. (a) M: How long do you think it’ll take to drive to Portland? W: Around 8 hours, I’m guessing. M: I have to attend a wedding on Saturday. (a) You’re better off flying. The roads are too slippery. (b) We can take turns driving. (c) I found a good last-minute flight deal. (d) Take me with you.
운전을 해서 결혼식에 참석해야하는 남자에게 길이 미끄러우니까 비 행기를 타고 가는 것이 더 나을 것이라고 조언하는 (a)가 적절한 응답 이 된다. (c)는 ‘막판에 저렴한 가격에 비행기 표를 구할 수 있었다’는 뜻이다.

25. (b) W: Have you had a chance to buy your textbooks yet?

29. (c) W: What are your plans for the weekend? M: We’re planning a picnic by the river. W: Did you hear? They’re expecting wind and rain on Saturday. December 2008

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(a) I think you should change your plans. (b) Your kids will be so disappointed. (c) We’ll probably have to postpone the picnic then. (d) The river is really swift this time of year.
(a)와 (b)는 여자가 할 말이므로 답이 될 수 없다. 비가 와서 소풍을 가기 어려운 상황이 되었으므로 ‘소풍을 미뤄야겠다’는 (c)가 적절한 응답이 된다.

35. (a) (지문은 48쪽 33번 참고) Q: What did the man order according to the conversation? (a) A half-carafe of Cabernet. (b) Two glasses of Cabernet. (c) A bottle of Cabernet. (d) Two bottles of Cabernet.
남자가 무엇을 주문했는지 묻고 있는데 Certainly, would you like to get a half-carafe instead?라고 여자가 권하자 이것저것 따져 보더니 결국 여자가 권한대로 주문을 했으므로 정답은 (a)가 된다.

30. (d) M: Excuse me, could you help me? W: Sure. What would you like? M: I am looking for rice milk. (a) Right. You don’t need to get cow’s milk. (b) I don’t know my way around here. (c) You can stock that at the back. (d) You can find some that is chilled in the cooler at the back.
쌀로 만든 우유를 찾고 있으므로 위치를 알려주는 (d)가 정답이 된다. (b)는 ‘여기 길을 모르겠다’, (c)는 ‘뒤에다 재고를 쌓아두라’는 뜻이 므로 답이 될 수 없다.

36. (d) (지문은 50쪽 35번 참고) Q: Which is correct according to the conversation? (a) The man will have hamburgers and fries for lunch. (b) The man prefers Vietnamese noodles to hamburgers and fries. (c) The woman will get some hamburgers and fries for herself. (d) The woman prefers Vietnamese noodles to hamburgers and fries.
여자가 마지막 부분에서 That tastes better than hamburgers anyway라고 했으므로 여자는 베트남 국수를 더 좋아한다는 것을 알 수 있다.

31. (a) (지문은 56쪽 41번 참고) Q: What is the conversation mainly about? (a) Why the man couldn’t make it to the party. (b) How close the man and Mike is. (c) Why the man’s sister decided to visit the man. (d) When the man and Mike will get together.
Todd, we didn’t see you at Mike’s good-bye party last night. What happened?에서 정답이 (a)임을 알 수 있다.

32. (c) (지문은 55쪽 40번 참고) Q: What is the man mainly doing according to the conversation? (a) Checking out the International Movers’ website. (b) Moving from Seattle to London. (c) Giving an estimate on a move. (d) Getting information on moving.
여자가 전화로 견적을 묻자 알려주고 있으므로 정답은 (c)가 된다. (d)는 What’s the woman mainly doing?에 대한 응답이 된다.

37. (a) (지문은 52쪽 37번 참고) Q: Which is correct according to the conversation? (a) The woman asked the man not to sell the T-shirt to kids. (b) The man works for a law firm. (c) The woman will sue the man for selling offensive products. (d) The man is a victim of domestic violence.
You need to remove this item from your shelves. It’s sending the wrong message to kids에서 정답이 (a)임을 알 수 있다.

33. (b) (지문은 53쪽 38번 참고) Q: What is the man mainly doing? (a) Watching the play called The Wars . (b) Asking the woman to go to the play together. (c) Declining the woman’s invitation. (d) Expressing her concerns about the upcoming war.
첫 부분에서 Would you like to check out a play with me this weekend?이라고 한 후에 구체적인 연극의 내용을 알려주면서 여자 에게 연극을 보러 가자고 하고 있으므로 정답은 (b)가 된다.

38. (b) (지문은 51쪽 36번 참고) Q: What will the woman do after the conversation? (a) Stop looking for work. (b) Get some advice from the headhunters. (c) Have an expert look over her resume. (d) Be her own boss.
대화 후에 할 일을 고르는 문제이므로 대화 후반부에서 단서를 찾을 수 있다. 즉 Why don’t you talk to one of the headhunters you’re dealing with and ask for their opinion?이라고 남자가 조언을 하자 여 자가 좋은 생각이라고 동의를 하고 있으므로 정답은 (b)가 된다.

34. (d) (지문은 47쪽 32번 참고) Q: Which is correct according to the conversation? (a) The man works harder than the woman. (b) The man’s classroom is smaller than the woman’s. (c) The woman’s class is bigger than the man’s. (d) The woman has fewer students than the man.
여자의 수업을 듣는 학생 수는 15명이고 남자의 수업을 듣는 학생 수 는 40명이 넘는 것으로 보아 정답이 (d)임을 알 수 있다.

39. (c) (지문은 49쪽 34번 참고) Q: What can be inferred according to the conversation? (a) The man will head to the Dollar Store in Harvey Heights. (b) The one in Harvey Heights has better selection of party supplies than the one near Sunnyside Station. (c) The one in Harvey Heights is closer than the one near Sunnyside Station. (d) The man has been to the Dollar Store near Sunnyside Station before.

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정답 & 해설
Sunnyside Station 근처에 있는 달러 스토어를 추천하면서 멀지만 가 볼 만한 가치가 있다고 했으므로 (c)가 정답임을 추론할 수 있다.

40. (c) (지문은 46쪽 31번 참고) Q: What can be inferred from the conversation? (a) The woman didn’t back up any data at all. (b) The man will help the woman to recover the data. (c) The woman probably won’t sleep much tonight. (d) The man will buy a new laptop for the woman.
여자가 내일 발표할 자료의 상당 부분을 잃어 버렸기 때문에 그걸 복 구해야 하는 상황이다. It’s going to be a very long night에서 정답이 (c)가 됨을 알 수 있다.

(a) People are very open to other people’s belief. (b) Sometimes religions cause wars. (c) Thomas Hobbes was an atheist. (d) Every one should have their own religion.
As a result, many wars took place in the past and continue even now as adversaries believe that the ultimate prize is eternal life and that defeat means eternal damnation에서 정답이 (b)임을 알 수 있 다.

41. (c) (지문은 69쪽 54번 참고) Q: What is the talk mainly about? (a) A global financial crisis. (b) A long-term trend of rising house prices. (c) The impacts of the sub-prime mortgage crisis. (d) Where to get the best mortgage deal.
The sub-prime mortgage crisis in the United States of America is reaching unprecedented proportions에서 주제를 밝힌 후에 서브프 라임 모기지 위기의 원인과 결과에 대해 상술하고 있으므로 (c)가 적 절한 답이 된다.

46. (a) (지문은 65쪽 50번 참고) Q: Which is correct according to the talk? (a) Additional construction in the western half of the park can’t be avoided. (b) Parts of the park will be open to the public this year. (c) The construction of the park is ahead of schedule. (d) The construction of the park has yet to start.
This will necessitate some additional construction within the western half of the park에서 정답이 (a)임을 알 수 있다.

42. (a) (지문은 70쪽 55번 참고) Q: What is the talk mainly about? (a) An overview of William Shakespeare’s life before he became famous. (b) How William Shakespeare became a famous playwright. (c) The sufferings of William Shakespeare’s family. (d) The most famous play by William Shakespeare.
셰익스피어가 유명해지기 전에 어디서 태어나서 어떻게 지냈는지에 관해 간략하게 알려주고 있으므로 정답은 (a)가 된다.

47. (d) (지문은 67쪽 52번 참고) Q: Which is correct according to the talk? (a) Talking with taxi drivers can be very exhausting. (b) The speaker was taken for a ride by the taxi drivers. (c) Most cab drivers are too talkative. (d) The speaker talked with cab drivers while traveling.
정답에 대한 단서는 Some of the most valuable information I learned on my trips was from my taxi driver에서 찾을 수 있다. 즉 여행하면서 중요한 정보를 택시 운전수로부터 배 우게 되었다는 것이므로 정답은 (d)가 된다.

43. (a) (지문은 74쪽 59번 참고) Q: What is the talk mainly about? (a) The introduction of the new CEO. (b) The upcoming retirement of James Perkins. (c) Carl Hamilton’s leadership. (d) Pedro Santiago, Chairman of the Board of Embron Industries.
Mr. James Perkins, Chairman of the Board of Embron Industries, has announced the appointment of a new Chief Executive Officer 라고 시작한 후 이번에 새로 임명된 CEO인 Pedro Santiago에 대해 소개하고 있으므로 정답은 (a)이다.

48. (a) (지문은 61쪽 46번 참고) Q: What can be inferred according to the talk? (a) The speaker was supposed to pick up the children. (b) The speaker picked up Bobby and three other boys. (c) The speaker has a car pool schedule. (d) The speaker is willing to drop everything at the last minute.
I feel just terrible! I could have sworn you said that you would pick up the kids after the school basketball game. I guess I was wrong and I sincerely apologize에서 화자가 아이들을 데려오기로 되어 있 었지만 깜빡하고 안 데리고 와서 사과하고 있는 내용임을 알 수 있다.

44. (a) (지문은 63쪽 48번 참고) Q: Which is correct about biking according to the talk? (a) It doesn’t incur any parking problem. (b) It is not good for children. (c) It is difficult for those with joint problems. (d) It is always the quickest way to get from place to place. you never have to worry about finding a parking spot에서 정답이 (a)임을 알 수 있다.

49. (d) (지문은 62쪽 47번 참고) Q: What can be inferred according to the talk? (a) People tend to eat healthier when they have more money. (b) Economic growth can serve energy crisis. (c) Most of the growth in global population is happening in the richest countries. (d) The rich consume more meats than the poor.
As people’s income rises, they demand superior foods (meats instead of grains)에서 소득이 늘어날수록 고기에 대한 수요가 늘어 난다고 했으므로 정답은 (d)가 된다.

45. (b) (지문은 64쪽 49번 참고) Q: Which is correct according to the conversation?

50. (d) (지문은 66쪽 51번 참고) December 2008

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Q: What can be inferred from the talk? (a) He who loses hearing always suffers from brain damage. (b) The ability to see has nothing to do with brain. (c) The brain’s visual abilities can be developed after the age of six. (d) Children with eyesights restored at 5 can develop the brain’s visual abilities. there is a critical period, before the age of six와 A child who is born blind but whose sight can be restored by surgery needs to have this operation before this age에서 정답에 대한 단서를 찾을 수 있다.

바꿔야 한다.

9.

(a) thinking → thought (번역은 101쪽 46번 참고)
분사구문에 관한 문제이다. 그림은 직접 생각하는 것이 아 니라 여겨지는 것이므로 수동의 의미가 되어 현재 분사 thinking을 과거분사 thought로 바꿔야 한다. 이 경우 thought 앞에는 문맥상 which was가 생략된 것이다.

10. (d) is called → is calling (번역은 102쪽 48번 참고)
호텔이 직접 a “Leap Year Proposal”라고 부르는 것이므 로 능동태가 되어야 한다. 따라서 is called를 is calling으 로 고쳐야 한다.

Grammar
1. (b) (번역은 80쪽 5번 참고)
좀 봐달라고 할 때는 Give me a break라고 하므로 관용적 으로 익혀 두자.

Vocabulary
1. (d) (번역은 111쪽 12번 참고) hold ~ accountable, hold ~ responsible은 ‘~가 책임 을 지다’라는 뜻이므로 묶어서 기억해두자.

2. (b) (번역은 112쪽 13번 참고)
대화의 흐름상 계약이 성사되면 회사에 도움이 된다는 것이 므로 (b)가 적절하다. take over는 ‘인수하다’, get over는 ‘극복하다’, fall through는 ‘실패하다’라는 뜻이 된다.

2. (c) (번역은 82쪽 9번 참고) if 절은 없지만 문맥상 가정의 의미가 담겨 있다. 1950년대 에는 추측하지 못했을 것이라고 가정하는 것이므로 과거 사 실에 대한 가정이므로 가정법 과거 완료 시제를 써야 한다. 따라서 「조동사 과거형+have p.p.」로 정답은 (c)가 된다. (d)의 경우 전체적인 문맥상 추측하지 말았어야 하는데 추 측해서 유감이라는 뜻이 되므로 답이 될 수 없다.

3. (a) (번역은 113쪽 15번 참고)
유리잔이나 컵에 이가 빠지는 경우 chip이라는 동사를 쓴 다. shear는 ‘털을 깎다’라는 뜻으로 ‘원예용 가위로 다듬 다’라는 뜻도 있다. clip은 ‘자르다’라는 뜻인데 참고로 ‘손 톱깎이’를 nail clippers라고 한다. fence는 ‘울타리를 치다’ 라는 뜻이 있다.

3. (d) (번역은 86쪽 18번 참고)
시제와 주어 동사 일치 문제이다. 주어가 people로 복수이 므로 동사는 are 혹은 were가 된다. B에서 they did ~로 과거에 했던 일에 대해 말하고 있음을 알 수 있다. 따라서 정답은 과거 시제인 (d)가 된다.

4. (b) (번역은 115쪽 20번 참고)
‘피곤해서 몸이 망가지다’라는 뜻이 되어야 하므로 crack under the strain이 되어야 한다. amnesty는 ‘사면’, debacle은 ‘붕괴, 폭락’, circumlocution은 ‘완곡어법’을 의미한다.

4. (c) (번역은 90쪽 26번 참고)
태와 시제 문제이다. 수년 동안 과거부터 지금까지 계속 떨 어지고 있는 것이므로 빈칸에는 현재완료진행형이 적절하 다. 주어는 The cost로 단수이므로 has been falling이 적 절하다.

5. (b) (번역은 118쪽 25번 참고)
‘우선’이라고 할 때 for a starter, to begin with, to start with처럼 쓴다. for a beginner라는 말은 없으므로 (a)를 답으로 고르지 않도록 조심하자.

5. (c) (번역은 94쪽 33번 참고)
최상급의 형태를 묻고 있다. 20세기 후반이라는 말이 뒤에 왔으므로 그 시기 동안 가장 위대한 가수가 되어야 하므로 (c)가 적절하다. (a)는 one of the 복수 명사가 되어야 하 므로 one of the greatest singers로 바꿔야 답이 될 수 있 다.

6. (b) (번역은 122쪽 33번 참고)
남편의 주머니를 매일 밤마다 뒤지는 사람은 의심이 많은 사람이므로 suspicious가 적절하다. gregarious는 ‘사교적 인, 군집의’, introspective는 ‘내성적인’, outgoing은 ‘외 향적인’이라는 뜻이다.

6. (d) (번역은 95쪽 36번 참고)
가정법 과거 완료 구문이다. 빈칸에는 가정법 과거 완료 시 제가 와야 하므로 might not have become이 적절하다.

7. (c) (번역은 124쪽 36번 참고)
서로 상반된 반응을 보인 후 의견이 달라졌다는 뜻이 되어 야 하므로 at odds가 적절하다. at large는 ‘대개’, at ease 는 ‘편안하게’, at stake는 ‘위험에 처한’이라는 뜻이 된다.

7. (a) How much your new job pays? → How much does your new job pay? (번역은 98쪽 42번 참고) 직접 의문문이므로 의문사 How much 뒤에 동사 주어로 와야 한다. 따라서 How much does your new job pay?로 바꿔야 한다.

8. (b) (번역은 126쪽 40번 참고)
무료 책자가 있으니 마음껏 가져가라는 뜻이 되어야 하므로 complimentary가 적절하다. complementary는 ‘보완의’, impetuous는 ‘성급한, 충동적인’, incessant는 ‘끊임없는’ 이라는 뜻이다.

8. (b) is → does (번역은 99쪽 43번 참고)
A에서 Do you think John still wants to go hiking tomorrow morning?으로 물었으므로 John still wants ~ 에서 wants를 대신하는 동사가 되어야 하므로 is를 does로

9. (d) (번역은 127쪽 42번 참고)
보증 기간 동안 제품의 결함을 걱정하지 않아도 된다는 것 이므로 defects가 적절하다. 참고로 defect는 동사로 ‘도망

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정답 & 해설
하다, 탈주하다’라는 뜻이 있다. detriment는 ‘손해’, decadence는 ‘쇠락’, defiance는 ‘반항’을 의미한다. (지문 번역은 157쪽 24번 참고) 편지를 쓴 목적을 생각하면 쉽게 빈칸에 대한 답을 고를 수 있다. We have decided to go with your Option C에서 Miller가 Lowden이 입찰한 것을 받아들여서 계약하겠다는 내용의 편지임을 알 수 있으므로 (a)가 적절하다.

10. (c) (번역은 127쪽 43번 참고)
문맥상 종신형을 선고받았다는 것이므로 life sentence가 적절하다. sentence는 ‘문장’이라는 뜻도 있지만 ‘형을 선 고하다’라는 뜻으로도 쓰인다. excerpt는 ‘발췌문’을 의미한 다.

9. (b) 타인을 지칭할 때 (지문 번역은 156쪽 23번 참고)
독일과 미국의 호칭을 비교하고 있는 내용의 글이다. 빈칸 뒤에 Always address acquaintances as Herr (Mr.) or Frau (Mrs.) plus their last name으로 어떻게 상대방을 부르는지 구체적인 예가 나와 있으므로 빈칸에는 (b)가 적 절하다.

Reading Comprehension
1. (a) 아무 조치도 할 수 없다
(지문 번역은 171쪽 38번 참고) 신분 도용에 관한 글을 읽고 빈칸을 완성하는 문제로 빈칸에 대한 단서는 it is currently legal ~purpose에서 찾을 수 있다. 즉 정보를 모으는 것만으로는 불법이 아니므로 어떤 조치도 취할 수 없는 상황이라는 것이 빈칸에 적절하다.

10. (d) 어학 학교 (지문 번역은 155쪽 22번 참고)
중앙아메리카를 방문하는 이유가 무엇인지 골라야 한다. 빈 칸 뒤에 studying Spanish is a great way ~로 스페인어 공부와 관련된 장점을 나열하고 있기 때문에 빈칸에는 스페 인어를 배울 수 있는 어학 학교가 적절하다.

2. (b) 유럽 내에서 구입한 (지문 번역은 168쪽 35번 참고)
기차표 할인에 관한 글을 읽고 빈칸을 완성하는 문제이다. This discount applies only to ~Europe에서 유럽 밖에서 표를 구입할 때만 할인이 된다고 하므로 문맥상 유럽 내에서 구입한 것보다 더 저렴하게 살 수 있다는 내용이 적절하다.

11. (b) 다른 요청도 들어드리겠습니다 (지문 번역은 153쪽 20번 참고)
학교에서 여는 취업박람회에 참석해 줄 것을 요청하는 편지 글을 읽고 빈칸을 완성하는 문제이다. 빈칸 앞에 and가 있 는데 흔히 and 앞뒤는 비슷한 맥락의 내용이 제시된다. 즉 We will provide folding tables and chairs처럼 학교 측에 서 제공하는 서비스와 관련된 내용을 골라주면 된다.

3. (b) 후대에 전해지도록 (지문 번역은 164쪽 31번 참고)
식물의 다양성 보호에 관한 글을 읽고 빈칸에 적절한 것을 고르는 문제이다. Increasingly, scientists are becoming ~diversity 에서 씨앗은행을 열게 되는 이유가 바로 다양한 식물을 보호하여 후대에 남겨 주기 위한 것임을 알 수 있으 므로 정답은 (b)가 된다.

12. (a) 국가의 힘 (지문 번역은 152쪽 19번 참고)
크메르 루주 혁명에 관한 글을 읽고 빈칸을 완성하는 문제 이다. People were requested to make sacrifices for the good of ‘Angkar’ ~에서 정답이 ‘국가의 힘’을 의미하 는 (a)가 됨을 알 수 있다.

4. (c) 콘도르의 숫자는 여전히 많지 않으나
(지문 번역은 163쪽 30번 참고) California Condor에 관한 글을 읽고 빈칸을 완성하는 문제 이다. 빈칸 뒤에 주절을 보면 번식 프로그램이 성공했다는 내용이 나와 있는데, While이라는 접속사는 ‘반면에’라는 뜻을 가지므로 빈칸에는 이와 상반된 내용이 적절하다. 따 라서 정답은 (c)가 된다.

13. (d) 수수께끼 해답처럼 사람들의 관심을 끌 수 있도록
(지문 번역은 151쪽 18번 참고) Heraclitus와 관련된 글을 읽고 빈칸을 완성하는 문제이다. Heraclitus가 산문과 수수께끼로 글을 썼다고 한 후에 그렇 게 글을 쓴 이유를 일반인들이 그러한 방법을 통해 Logos 를 깨달을 수 있도록 도와주려 했기 때문이라고 했으므로 빈칸에는 (d)가 적절하다.

5. (d) 다양한 종류의 고기 (지문 번역은 162쪽 29번 참고)
엘리자베스 여왕 시대 상류층의 식단에 관한 글을 읽고 빈 칸을 완성하는 문제이다. 빈칸 바로 뒤에 Meals often included ~crane으로 다양한 고기들이 열거되어 있으므로 빈칸에는 (d)가 적절하다.

14. (a) 게다가 (지문 번역은 150쪽 17번 참고)
당근의 장점을 나열한 글이다. 앞부분에서는 당근에 포함되 어 있는 beta-carotene과 관련된 건강상의 혜택을 제시한 후 빈칸 뒤에서는 lutein와 zeaxanthin과 관련된 건강상의 혜택을 알려주고 있으므로 빈칸에는 Also, In addition, Besides 등의 열거 및 나열과 관련된 연결어가 적절하다.

6. (b) 당신이 원하는 곡을 재생하는 (지문 번역은 161쪽 28번 참고)
Excel Hi-Speed Internet 광고를 읽고 빈칸을 완성하는 문 제이다. Excel Hi-Speed Internet의 특징으로 customize your own online radio station을 제시하고 있으므로 이와 관련된 내용인 (b)가 정답이 된다는 것을 알 수 있다.

15. (d) 그러나 (지문 번역은 167쪽 34번 참고)
페루 작가 마리오 바르가스 요사에 관한 글을 읽고 빈칸을 완성하는 문제이다. 빈칸 앞에는 대통령직에 출마했으나 낙 선했다는 내용이 나왔고, 빈칸 뒤에서는 낙선이 글의 수준 에는 영향을 미치지 않았다는 내용이 제시되었으므로 However가 적절하다.

7. (c) 특정 유형의 암에 걸릴 더 높은 위험
(지문 번역은 159쪽 26번 참고) 비타민 C에 관한 글을 읽고 빈칸을 완성하는 문제이다. Research has also shown that ~compounds에서 비타 민 C가 특정 암을 유발하는 합성물이 생기는 것을 막아준다 는 것을 알 수 있다. 비타민 C가 체내에 적은 경우 어떻게 된 다는 것인지 생각해 보면 쉽게 (c)를 답으로 고를 수 있다.

16. (b) 대통령에게 계획을 재고하라는 촉구
(지문 번역은 136쪽 3번 참고) 편지를 읽고 주제를 고르는 문제이다. I urge you ~efforts 에서 주제를 확인할 수 있다. 따라서 정답은 (b)가 된다. (a) ‘친환경적 에너지원 조성’, (c) ‘해안가 시추에 사용되는 기 술 지지’, (d) ‘대통령에게 에너지 위기 정보 전달’ 등은 답이

8. (a) 계약을 기꺼이 받아들이는 바입니다

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될 수 없다.

24. (b) 전통적인 빅토리아인들의 심기를 건드렸다
(지문 번역은 143쪽 10번 참고) 드 퀸시의 첫 번째 자전적 소설이 논란을 일으켰던 이유를 묻고 있다. Open discussion of addiction ~corrupt라고 했으므로 (b)가 정답이 된다. (a) ‘유명한 영국 시인에 대한 험담이 포함되었다’, (c) ‘중독성 물질의 사용을 묵과했다’, (d) ‘빅토리아 여왕과 영국 귀족 사회를 모욕했다’ 등은 답 이 될 수 없다.

17. (a) 언어는 다른 언어에 의해 크게 영향을 받는다
(지문 번역은 142쪽 9번 참고) From the very beginning, the culture ~contributed라 고 주제를 밝힌 후에 구체적인 예를 들어서 어떻게 한 언어 가 다른 언어에 영향을 주는지 밝혀주고 있으므로 정답은 (a)가 된다. (b) ‘스페인어는 미국식 영어와 긴밀한 관계가 있다’, (c) ‘카우보이의 역사는 스페인에서 시작됐다’, (d) ‘미국인들은 자신들이 유일하게 진정한 카우보이라고 생각 한다’ 등은 답이 될 수 없다.

25. (a) 딱딱한 표면 위에 깁스를 놓으면 불편할 수 있다
(지문 번역은 148쪽 15번 참고) 깁스 건조 시 주의할 사항을 묻고 있다. Avoid resting ~cast에서 정답이 (a)임을 알 수 있다. (b) ‘발 깁스가 아니 면 깁스에 압력을 가하지 말라’, (c) ‘깁스가 젖을 가능성이 있으면 깁스를 덮어라’, (d) ‘혈액순환을 돕도록 깁스를 나무 의자나 탁자 위에 높게 올려놓아라’ 등은 답이 될 수 없다.

18. (b) 5학년 학생의 평균 어휘력 감소 (지문 번역은 146쪽 13번 참고)
주제문인 A recent study ~10 years ago에서 정답이 (b) 가 됨을 알 수 있다. (a) ‘5학년 학생이 평균적으로 구사하 는 언어의 수’, (c) ‘북미 5학년 학생의 20% 낙제율’, (d) ‘개정된 공립 초등학교 교과과정 개요’ 등은 답이 될 수 없 다.

19. (b) 신경 신호가 더 빨리 전달되도록 돕는다
(지문 번역은 140쪽 7번 참고) 지방조직의 주요 기능을 묻고 있다. this fatty tissue helps ~impulse에서 (b)가 정답임을 알 수 있다. (a) ‘팔을 위로 올리도록 한다’, (c) ‘신경 자극을 억제한다’, (d) ‘체내의 여러 근육을 통제한다’ 등은 답이 될 수 없다.

26. (b) 우유 섭취가 늘어난다고 약한 뼈를 보호할 수 없다
(지문 번역은 138쪽 5번 참고) 연구에서 보여준 놀라운 결과를 묻고 있다. One study followed ~bone fractures에서 정답이 (b)임을 알 수 있다. (a) ‘부러지거나 균열된 뼈는 대개 골다공증의 결과이다’, (c) ‘유제품 섭취와 비만은 깊은 관련이 있다’, (d) ‘수천 명 의 여성이 매년 골절상을 입는다’ 등은 답이 될 수 없다.

20. (c) 웬디는 마사의 요리 프로그램 시청자이다
(지문 번역은 139쪽 6번 참고) 특정정보를 찾는 문제로 서신을 보낸 웬디가 마사를 어떻게 아는지 묻고 있다. I watch your show religiously에서 정 답이 (c)임을 알 수 있다. (a) ‘웬디와 마사는 같은 요리 그 룹에 속해 있다’, (b) ‘마사는 웬디의 요리교실 강사이다’, (d) ‘웬디와 마사는 함께 요리 파티에 간다’ 등은 답이 될 수 없다.

27. (c) 교차 감염은 손을 자주 씻으면 줄일 수 있다
(지문 번역은 135쪽 2번 참고) 내용 일치 문제이다. In order to keep ~hands에서 정답 은 (c)가 된다. (a) ‘뜨거운 물로 씻으면 해로운 세균을 완 전히 없앨 수 있다’, (b) ‘날계란에는 다른 음식을 교차 감 염시키는 세균이 없다’, (d) ‘조리 안 한 모든 식품은 다른 식품에 감염을 일으키지 않도록 함께 두어야 한다’ 등은 답 이 될 수 없다.

21. (d) 코코아 산업의 낮은 임금 (지문 번역은 134쪽 1번 참고)
코코아 산업에 어린이 노동자가 많은 원인을 묻고 있다. The same investigation identified ~member에서 정답이 (d)임 을 알 수 있다. (a) ‘숙련 노동자 부족’, (b) ‘서아프리카 어린 이의 숫자’, (c) ‘아이보리코스트의 높은 생활비’ 등은 답이 될 수 없다.

28. (b) 전화번호는 새 주소로 이전 가능하다
(지문 번역은 145쪽 12번 참고) 주소 변경에 대한 공지를 읽고 추론하는 문제이다. Further, please note that ~move에서 정답이 (b)임을 알 수 있다. (a) ‘이 편지는 퇴거 공지로 임차인에게 발송되었다’, (c) ‘새 주소로 온 우편은 재발송될 것이다’, (d) ‘위 주소는 12 월 4일까지만 유효할 것이다’ 등은 답이 될 수 없다.

22. (a) 성형수술의 위험은 사람들에게 잘 알려져 있지 않다
(지문 번역은 147쪽 14번 참고) 성형수술의 위험과 관련된 글을 읽고 일치하는 것을 고르는 문제로 However, the risks ~에서 정답이 (a)임을 알 수 있다. (b) ‘성형수술은 다른 수술보다 더 위험하다’, (c) ‘환자들은 수술 위험성을 알아보려면 성형외과 의사에게 의 존해야 한다’, (d) ‘성형은 인기가 떨어졌다’ 등은 답이 될 수 없다.

29. (a) 동물 의사소통 연구는 비교적 새로운 학문이다
(지문 번역은 144쪽 11번 참고) 추론 문제이다. Although not well-known, ~field에서 정 답이 (a)임을 알 수 있다. (b) ‘동물은 사람과 비슷한 방법 으로 의사소통 한다’, (c) ‘25년 후 동물기호학 분야는 최고 조에 달할 것이다’, (d) ‘동물의 의사소통방법을 분석하는 것은 불가능하다’ 등은 답이 될 수 없다.

23. (a) 근로자들은 열악한 환경을 빠져나가기에는 너무도 적은 돈을
번다 (지문 번역은 137쪽 4번 참고) 새우 가공공장에 관해 일치하는 것을 고르는 문제이다. In 2000, there were ~watery soup에서 정답이 (a)임을 알 수 있다. (b) ‘근로자들은 열악한 작업환경에 대한 보상을 받는다’, (c) ‘화학물질이 식품으로 흘러들어가는 것이 발견 되었다’, (d) ‘일꾼들에게 제공되는 숙식이 매우 좋다’ 등은 답이 될 수 없다.

30. (c) 운동은 일상생활에 포함되어야 한다
(지문 번역은 141쪽 8번 참고) 추론 문제이다. Your mind and body ~routine에서 정답 이 (c)임을 알 수 있다. (a) ‘즐길 수 있는 운동을 찾으면 시 간이 빨리 간다’, (b) ‘최소한 주 6회 운동하는 것이 매우 효과적이다’, (d) ‘에어로빅은 가장 효과적인 운동이다’ 등 은 답이 될 수 없다.

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