...making baby food. By 1928 he had developed five products for the market and six months later, Gerber's baby foods were distributed nationwide. The brand eventually became a major company in the baby food industry, offering more than 190 products in 80 countries, with labeling in 16 languages and controls eighty-three percent (83%) of the baby food market in the United States. In 1994 Gerber merged with Sandoz Laboratories. Two years later, Sandoz merged with CIBA-Geigy to form Novartis, one of the largest pharmaceutical companies in the world. In 2007 Gerber was sold to Nestle for $5.5 billion. In 1960 Gerber started selling its baby food in glass jars, which often found new life as household storage, especially in home workshops. Soon after, other items such as pacifiers, , baby bottles, and small baby toys were introduced. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerber_Products_Company B. Problem Encountered and Quamet Solution Used or Applied Gerber used decision tree analysis in deciding whether to continue using the plastic known as poly-vinyl chloride or, more commonly, PVC. Gerber management had to evaluate all of the current information, weigh the consequences of each action, and proceed on the most prudent course of action. In the latter half of 1998, Greenpeace announced that it had conducted scientific testing on phthalates and found them to be carcinogenic in lab rats. Further, Greenpeace claimed that the chemical leeches...
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...efforts in the industry 4. The industry expanded rapidly in the sixties, benefiting from new discoveries and a lax regulatory environment. During this period healthcare spending boomed as global economies prospered. The industry witnessed major developments in the seventies with the introduction of tighter regulatory controls, especially with the introduction of regulations governing the manufacture of ‘generics’5. The new regulations revoked permanent patents and established fixed periods on patent protection for branded products, a result of which the market for ‘branded generics’6 emerged. 2. Environmental Analysis (PEST) Technological advancements, tighter regulatory-compliance overheads, rafts of patent expiries and volatile investor confidence have made the modern pharmaceutical industry an increasingly tough and competitive environment. Below is an analysis of the structure of the pharmaceutical industry using the PEST...
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...markets and international competition are increasing the amount of diversity organizations must manage, both internally and externally. Diversity specialists (Soutar, 2004; Yang, 2005) have suggested in that in order for businesses and organizations interested in prospering and surviving in the twenty-first century embracing the competitive advantage afforded by a diverse workplace is needed This report looks at the impact of managing diversity in the workplace and the performance and financial benefits which can be gained from successful management. Novartis Pharmaceuticals is one such company which has placed emphasis on embracing and managing diversity and using this to the company’s advantage. The Company Novartis is a global healthcare company founded in 1996 headquarted in Basel Switzerland with a presence in 140 countries providing medical solutions to the evolving needs of patients worldwide (Novartis.com, 2015). Novartis International AG employs approximately 135,696 employees and is also, ranked number one in sales earning US 58.4 billion in 2014. (Wikipedia.com, 2015). The company produces...
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...ASSIGNMENT ON OPERATION RESEARCH ( FIN – 3104 ) 3RD YEAR , 1ST SEMESTER BBA – 3RD BATCH DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE JAGANNATH UNIVERSITY TOPIC Quantitative Analysis for Optimization : Using Linear Programming & Transportation Problem Group Name Name & ID No. of the Group Members: |Sl. No. |Name |ID No. | | | | | |01 |Suman Chandra Mandal (Group Leader) |091557 | | |Md. Nahid Islam |091604 | |02 | | | | | | | |03 |Mahbuba Mehreen |091619 ...
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...AT E C I T I Z E N S H I P 8 5 | C O R P O R AT E G O V E R N A N C E 111 | C O M P E N S AT I O N R E P O R T 1 31 | F I N A N C I A L R E P O R T 1 2 N OVART I S G R OU P AN N UA L R E PO R T 2 010 CONTENTS GROUP REVIEW Financial Highlights News in 2010 Letter from Daniel Vasella Interview with Joseph Jimenez 4 5 7 15 19 23 35 39 45 51 57 61 67 73 78 83 85 90 101 111 112 HEALTHCARE PORTFOLIO Contents Pharmaceuticals Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Vaccines and Diagnostics Sandoz Consumer Health CORPORATE CITIZENSHIP Contents Commitment to Patients Commitment to People and Communities Commitment to the Environment Commitment to Ethical Business Conduct Independent Assurance Report CORPORATE GOVERNANCE Contents Our Board of Directors Our Management COMPENSATION REPORT Contents Compensation Report NOVARTIS GROUP FINANCIAL REPORT Contents Operating and Financial Review Equity Strategy Novartis Group Consolidated Financial Statements Financial Statements of Novartis AG Annual Report Photography Key Dates 2011, Contact Information and Forward-Looking Statements 131 134 177 180 252 268 270 4 | GROUP REVIEW 19 | H E A LT H C A R E P O R T F O L I O 57 | C O R P O R AT E C I T I Z E N S H I P 8 5 | C O R P O R AT E G O V E R N A N C E 111 | C O M P E N S AT I O N R E P O R T 1 31 | F I N A N C I A L R E P O R T 3...
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...Abstract The aim of the study is to present the current scenario of the pharmaceutical industry in Bangladesh. In Bangladesh, the pharmaceutical sector is one of the most developed hi-tech sectors, which is contributing in the country’s economy. After promulgation of Drug Control Ordinance -1982, the development of this sector was accelerated. The professional knowledge, thoughts and innovative ideas of the pharmaceutical professionals working in this sector are the key factors for this development. Due to resent development of this sector, it is exporting medicines to global markets including highly regulated European markets. This sector also providing 97% of the total medicine requirement of the local market. Leading pharmaceutical companies are expanding their business with the aim to expand export market recently few new companies have been established with hi-tech equipments and high professionals which will enhance the strength of this sector. Government declared “Pharmaceuticals as the product of the year (2008), in a bid to boost it export further, such a move is the first in Bangladesh and pharmaceuticals has been single out considering its tremendous prospect in the global market and diversification of basket as well as Bangladesh pharmaceuticals industry is the highest among the LDCs and growing with 50% annually. Bangladesh pharmaceuticals industry is one of the first growing sector in Bangladesh among the 50 LDCs. Bangladesh is the only country that is nearly self...
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...Corning Inc. To: From: Subject: Recommendations for the three proposals Corning Inc.’s strategy – to compete in four worldwide business sectors (communications, laboratory sciences, consumer housewares, and specialty materials) and to deliver long-range superior economic benefits to its employees, consumers, communities, and shareholders – has served the organization well for over three decades as evidenced by a transformed business portfolio, record earnings, and the emergence of a new spirit within the organization. However, due to diverse changes in trends that characterize the industry’s landscape, there is the need to come up with innovative proposals that originate from diverse business sectors. The CEO of Corning Inc. hopes that these proposals would aid in the company’s continual growth. These proposals deal with (a) the laboratory sciences, (b) communication (fiber optics), and (c), the television glass division. The opinions given are a result of a comprehensive deduction of the Porter’s Five Forces model so as to identify the best paths of actions to achieve a proper competitive advantage in the industry. For the first proposal, I think it is vital that Corning maintains its relationship with Ciba Geigy. Ciba Geigy has portrayed a strong commitment to the partnership’s success as evidenced by its willingness to preserve with significantly low returns over the next few years as the venture continues to grow. Furthermore, it has a good strategic fit with Corning Inc...
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...Global Talent Management at Novartis Novartis is one of the largest pharmaceutical companies in the world that spans across 140 countries. Daniel Vasella, CEO, has transformed Novartis into a 100% healthcare company by ridding the company of its specialty chemicals business. By doing so, Novartis became the second largest producer of generic drugs. Vasella reconstructed the company’s approach towards global talent management since the previous approach lacked regular performance review, global objectives, and incentive based pays as a deterrent of motivation. Vasella implemented a universal performance management system and new culture, which is based on candor, performance, and accountability. The key issue involves contradictions with Novartis’s past culture and Vasella’s new culture. The new list of values and behaviors lacks cultural sensitivity and does not reflect the culture that has developed at Novartis. Vasella must implement a plan that includes values and behaviors that are adaptable and based on local cultures to minimize ethnocentrism. Through contingency management, this goal may be achieved because this concept uses management tools and techniques in a situational appropriate behavior, which will avoid the one-best-way mentality. Vasella’s new list of values and behaviors may include: be productive, be innovative, be proactive, be accountable, and be respectful. Top performing companies are more likely to have performance-based rewards, so Vasella should...
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...Q1 Using Pestel Analysis, identify what environmental factors are affecting big pharmaceutical companies strategically? Introduction Johnson and Scholes (2002) p10 define strategy as “the direction and scope of an organisation over the long term, which achieves advantage for the organisation through its configuration of resources within a changing environment and to fulfil stakeholder expectations.” The purpose of an environmental scan is to develop a list of diverse variables from an uncertain and complex world to offer actionable responses and in so doing allow a structured framework for defensive or offensive actions. The Pharmaceutical Industry environment is an ethical drugs industry aimed at providing beneficial products and services for human consumptions as well as chemical medicaments and biotechnology. The 21st century has brought about changes within the pharmaceutical industry. The pharmaceutical industry today is highly competitive non-assembled global industry. To define the non-assembled aspect of the industry is where manufactures components parts or materials are relied on for example glass, woodwork and chemicals. It was in the sixties and seventies that the pharmaceutical industry was to expand rapidly as it was a period referred to as the spending boom. Research and development (R and D) was also a major investment and trust which was provided for Universities and education institutions. Pencillin which was the major discovery in the pharmaceutical industry...
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...Rina Thomas Nestle Case Study September 16, 2013 Introduction Nestle is one of the biggest food companies in the world with sales of $47 billion annually. Nestle has undergone through a huge number of transformation throughout the years. (Palmer, Dunford & Akin, 2009). Nestle manufacture product such as different cosmetics and chocolates that has been long known as a worldwide leader in its business. To increase its growth in operations, Nestle had picked up other markets for diversification other than the food industry which Nestlé’s first pick item was the cosmetic brand. But after some time, the company had acquired other products like ophthalmic and pharmaceutical. At last, for the expansion the company was required to concentrate on enhancing productivity, business expansion and financial improvement. Body 1. Did Nestle undergo either first-order and/or second-order change according to the case? Answer listing examples of types of change from the above story. In the case study, Nestle went through major first order change. One of the first-order changes that occurred was in the 1900’s when Nestle changed its approach to global expansion by acquiring subsidies in other countries. Prior to that, Nestle only operated with sales agents to buy their products out of Switzerland, so they changed their international strategy maintaining the company’s goals and the organizational mission. During the First World War, this had increased the demand...
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...UNIFORM CODE OF PHARMACEUTICAL MARKETING PRACTICES The Indian Pharmaceutical Industry is one of the most rapidly growing science based industries in terms of remarkable capabilities in both the manufacture and technology. India being among one of the five pharmaceutical emerging markets has an average annual growth of 8-9 percent with an approximate worth of $ 4.5 billion. With more new drug launches, new drug applications, phase II clinical trials taking place this year the growth can be expected to be 13-14 percent in the future. Considering the rise in the pharmaceutical sector and to bring about uniformity in the marketing of these drugs, a Code has been introduced by the Department of Pharmaceuticals (DoP), Government of India. This code named as Uniform Code of Pharmaceutical Marketing Practices (UCPMP) was introduced on December 12, 2014 and became effective from January 01, 2015. UCPMP initially set to be a voluntary code for the Pharmaceutical Industries was then decided to be made as statutory Code when DoP was urged by the Organization of Pharmaceutical Producers of India (OPPI). UCPMP is expected to facilitate good marketing practices, increased levels of transparency and accountability across healthcare industry and remove ambiguity on all aspects of marketing by the pharmaceutical industries. The code covers various parameters like the general points to be followed by the industry, claims and comparisons related to other products, textual and audiovisual...
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...these products and that means someone somewhere is having an increase in profits. Perhaps pharmaceuticals aren't the next .com bubble, but taking a look at some of the biggest firms might be useful for a budding portfolio manager. This article will look at the three biggest pharma companies, and next weeks article will look at some of the most promising start up pharma companies. The three biggest companies in the world according to Forbes are: Pfizer, Novartis, Sanofi respectively. Pfizer is the largest pharmaceutical company in the world and has posted fairly steady gains over the last three years (Forbes, Bloomberg, Morningstar). According to Peter Lynch in his book “One Up On Wall Street,” this company would be an example of a stalwart (Peter Lynch 'One up on Wall Street'). That means that this company will not give you huge returns, but will provide consistent returns with relatively low volatility. Pfizer is perhaps the most well known of pharmaceutical stock options, but it might not necessarily be the best of options. Novartis has had similar amounts of revenue, but has had less goodwill and long-term debt (Morningstar). Knowing what to look for in a company is sometimes tricky, and I won't pretend to be the best portfolio manager in the world, but there are a few things in Pfizers' financials...
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...Background Nifedipine was not always known by this name, but rather when scientist were running initial test this drug was called BAY a1040. In Germany, Professor Kronberg from Bayer Incorporation worked as a head pharmacologist. He presented the BAY a1040 to Albrecht Fleckenstein in the late 1960’s. Fleckenstein had been doing previous work establishing the importance of calcium blockers. He kept his work on BAY a1040 quiet until the beginning of the 1970’s. He then released his findings and the name was changed to Nifedipine. This became the first drug of dihydropyridines to be in clinical settings. According to the American Red Cross Association, in a clinical study in 1995 a shocking discovery was found. Patients who received a dose of Nifedipine higher than 60 milligrams (mg) had an increasing death rate. Some patients were taken off of this course after the trend showed the likely chance of fatality. It would go on to become a medication widely used in safe dosage. Chemical Nifedipine extended release (ER) works to create less strain on the heart by dilating the blood vessels allowing more oxygen to flow to the heart. Nifedipine is made from the chemical formula C17H18N2O6 which lessens the exchange of Ca2+. As the vessels become wider the pressure decreases so the heart when it pumps has less Ca2+ come through the channels in the heart. It is not soluble in water. Nifedipine Er releases the medication over a day due to an outer layer on the tablet allowing...
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...Novartis: Facts 1. Jurg Zimmerman had invented a number of derivatives of N-Phenyl-2-pyrimidine-amine including Imatinab. 2. These derivatives had valuable anti-tumor properties and hence could be used in pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of human beings against cancer. 3. These derivatives had been granted patent in both the US and Europe. Beginning with Imatinab in its base form. 4. Novartis claims to have developed Beta Crystalline form of Imatinab in a two-stage process and a direct process, with obtaining Imatinab Mesylate in amorphous form as an output in the stage one of the two-stage process. 5. An application was filed for the patent of the beta crystalline form of Imatinab Mesylate in India claiming that the newly invented form had more beneficial flow properties, thermodynamic stability and a lower hygroscopicity than the original Imatinab. 6. Further, they claimed it has better storage properties and that it was easier to process than the Imatinab in basic form. 7. However it was also claimed in the application for patent that all the inhibitory and pharmacological effects of the beta crystalline form of Imatinab Mesylate were also found in the base form of the compound. Novartis: Law Points and Development of the Case 1. When the application was filed for patent in the year 1995,the patent laws in India were under transition phase and as a result the application held in a dormant mode. 2. Later in March 2002, the applicant makes another...
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...QA Concept Introducing LoadRunner • Why should you automate performance testing? • What are the LoadRunner components? • Understanding LoadRunner Terminology • What is the load testing process? • Getting Familiar with HP Web Tours • Application Requirements The Power of LoadRunner • Creating the Load Test • Running the Load Test • Monitoring the Load Test • Analyzing Results Building Scripts • Introducing the Virtual User Generator (VuGen) • How do I start recording user activities? • Using VuGen’s Wizard mode • How do I record a business process to create a script? • How do I view the script? Playing Back Your Script • How do I set the run-time behavior? • How do I watch my script running in real time? • Where can I view information about the replay? • How do I know if my test passed? • How do I search or filter the results? Solving Common Playback Problems • Preparing HP Web tours for playback errors • How do I work with unique server values? Preparing a Script for Load Testing • How do I measure business processes? • How do I emulate multiple users? • How do I verify Web page content? • How can I produce debugging information? • Did my test succeed? Creating a Load Testing Scenario • Introducing the LoadRunner Controller • How do I start the Controller? • The Controller window at a glance • How do I modify the script details? • How do I generate a heavy load? • How do I emulate real load...
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