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后现代广告(Post-modern Advertising)
什么是后现代广告
后现代主义是相对于现代主义而言的。现代主义强调核心化,即无论干什么事情都要有一个核心,诸如风俗、习惯、道德等,似乎离开了核心,事情就无法办成。而后现代主义的实质就是对核心论的反驳,它反对中心性、体系性、整体性,张扬非理性、本能释放和个性自由。 后现代广告就是后现代主义思想指引下的产物。 正是后现代高科技与传媒的迅速发展、全球经济一体化的推进,促成后现代文化产业化的形成,广告、公关手段的运用,创造了一种新的消费意识形态,光彩夺目的广告营销环境,则创造了一个能够有力地刺激大众消费的象征符号世界,使广告在这个时代成为主导文化形式之一。形成了广告产业并在迅猛地扩展。由于这个时代物质生活的极大提高,人们由传统工业社会追求产品的功能满足转变为对感觉、审美的追求。在这种语境中,现代广告的传播方式和艺术技巧显得不合适宜,广告随之进入了后现代广告传播时期。因此,后现代广告传播是相对于现代广告传播而引出的概念。后现代广告改变了现代广告的风格,往往以晦涩的表述、冷傲的形象、模糊的意指;以荒诞、戏谑、嘲讽、自虐的形式表现。后现代广告实践完全映证了后现代理论大师詹姆逊对后现代艺术所归纳的平面感受——深度模式削平、断裂感——历史意识消失、零散化——主体消失、复制性——距离感消失等审美特征。后现代广告遵循浪潮化的时髦运作程序,采用大批量复制的传播手段,平面拼贴化的艺术制作方式,来实现广告的目的。达到广泛的经济与社会效益。
后现代广告的特征
一、主题的观念化 现代广告无论怎样为自己辩解或掩饰,它都难以脱离产品。这样的局限性非常明显,在产品极端丰富,而且产品同质化倾向越来越严重的情况下,要找出一个与众不同的USP,或在消费者心目中确立一个位置,已经非常不现实,而且也必将效果不佳。“后工业社会中不再奉行一元论的产品政策,而以多样化、非集中化的方式制造产品。后工业时代以它自身带来的文化更新为基础来更新自己。而今,大市场上的那些标准产品,即那些满足大众需求的产品,已不再走俏,因为综合市场本身遭到不同专业市场的冲击,这些专业市场组成不同的文化团体,保持着不同的传统和行为方式,广告不再是目标,而是一种攻克各种心理的手段。这就是说,人们需求的那些产品不是满足一般需求的产品。而是符合特殊文化层次的产品,因此。产品有明显的文化层面,产品功能被重新确定。” 文化成为消费品,消费是一种文化,产品的地位退居其次,只是附属品,文化才是重点,产品已经成为文化的载体,而非消费的重点。因此,广告必须作为文化生产者的身份为产品贴上文化的标签,赋予其某一种观念。 主题的观念化要求广告必须传播一种生活态度和价值取向与目标消费者达成共识,使之认为消费就是其生活方式的展示和价值的再现,使得在现实中受挫的人们能够通过消费来寻求平衡。广告的主题从具体到抽象,最后游离于产品之外,广告传达的观念成为人们的需要和依赖。成功的广告延伸到产品不起作用的角落,产品所承载的观念的价值比产品本身大得多。 此外,我们可以更进一步认为,广告主题的观念化会使品牌也趋向观念化,品牌的内涵和外延都会归到一点,品牌体现的观念与目标人群的价值观一致。我们甚至可以这样论断,后现代广告“提供一种基于对消费者(或品牌)个性文化与观念的需要,而非传统狭义概念的系统服务作业。在这一概念的基础上,后(现代)广告将直接作用于品牌观念创导的消费观念的基准点上,从而使消费时常获得重新解构和能量释放—— 这种释放带来的客观效果就是消费加速和消费文化的进一步个性细分和催熟。” 二、注重视觉的冲击力 上个世纪60年代,广告科学派和艺术派曾就广告是科学还是艺术进行了旷日持久的争论。其实,科学派强调的是广告的内容,而艺术派则强调广告的形式,即“说什么”和“怎么说”孰重孰轻的问题,争论的结果是两者同样重要。但是,在“众神喧嚣”(巴·赫金)的消费时代,到处充斥着符号化和影像化的信息“说什么”已经没有人听,“怎么说”才是最重要的。消费文化的影像与符号化,能指远远大于所指,媒介参与符号的制作与传播,使得符号游离物体本身,运用于多样性的相关联系之中,充当着象征符。在这种情形之下,人们通过符号所形成的影像来了解真实世界,在他们眼中,一切皆可转化为影像,一切都以影像的形式存在符号与影像无所不在的消费文化背景下,广告自然也不能例外。广告必须具有强大的视觉震撼力,要轻易地吸引人们的眼球。否则,就会湮灭在过剩的符号影像中,不留一丝痕迹。对视觉的要求,也是现代广告的基本要求之一。威廉·伯恩巴克曾经提到广告创作的三要素:相关性、原创性、震撼性。但是与现代广告相比,后现代广告对视觉的要求达到前所未有的高度,它甚至可以抛开其他一切,单纯地追求视觉效果。在以视觉取胜的时代,哪怕是目光的稍稍停留,都会有意想不到的收获。 三、表现风格的多样化 消费文化与市场体系和商品形式之间形成一种同谋关系,把文化包装成商品,作为纯粹的审美消费的实物,并为了迎合消费者的形式上的需求,将各种支离破碎、牵强附会的文化强加于商品之上,使得消费与文化之间的界限难以划分。高雅文化、精英文化和大众文化之间的距离被消解了,文化呈现出平面感。但是,这种平面性却使得各种文化的存在都成为一种合理的现象。各种文化之间出现了平等的假象,从而使得文化领域“百花齐放,百家争鸣”。 而体现在广告上,则表现为表达风格的多样化。现代广告千篇一律地强调感性诉求或理性诉求,或者讲一个故事,阐述一个利益点,或者其他。这些方法已经是明日黄花。翻来覆去雷同的理性诉求,虚伪造作、不合情理的感性诉求,这些已经形成一种固定模式,同类产品的广告没有根本差别,陷入一种混乱的相互抄袭与模仿的局面之中。于是,广告的作用越来越难以评估,广告主对广告的信心日渐式微,广告费被转移到营业推广,而太多的营业推广使品牌逐渐沦为日常货,品牌之间只剩下价格是惟一的辨识。可以说这是现代广告的一大顽症。 如果现代广告在工业社会能大行其道,那么它在后工业社会简直束手无策。在后工业社会里,消费文化形成文化的平面性,不管是高雅文化还是精英文化都被消解为一系列的碎片,可以任意拼贴,任意组合,使广告表达风格的多样化成为可能。尽管这种东拼西凑的风格可能只是思想的空壳,苍白的表象,但它仍然使品牌的广告相互区别,具有独特性,从而能够从众多广告中脱颖而出,引人瞩目。例如,中兴百货公司的广告,13年来持续一种以许舜英的作品为代表的许氏风格,即“人物、构图、符号的场面化和仪式化,极具平面装饰美感。服饰华丽,表情冷漠,肢体语言优雅,环境舞台化,表演群体化和模特化,具有罗可可式的华丽和日本浮世绘的优雅,画面常具有行为艺术式的冲击力和非现实的梦境式的迷离美感,成为消费者(读者)喧哗的、炫耀的、释放欲望和快感的时尚表演仪式。”此外,如绝对伏特加酒的广告,一直以与酒瓶形象相似的事物为画面主体,表达绝对伏特加是绝对地令人着迷的主题。又如,贝纳通的广告,大胆地将有争议的题材纳入广告创意之中,屡屡引起轰动。这些品牌的广告形成一种鲜明的独特风格,即使在毫无文字表达的情况下,也能明显地辨别出来。 四、个人化的诉求 消费文化强调回归自我,这种精神已经成为一种潮流,不可抵挡。目前,人们通过越来越多的媒介渠道和公众活动来对自我进行认识和探求,一统天下的理性与规则已经被抛弃。自我成为一个人存在和发展的前提。在这个社会中,丧失自我的人不是一个完整的人。这是一个勒内·笛卡尔(Rene Descartes)和萨特结合的时代,个人至上主义和宇宙万物只此为大的惟我意识所向无敌,“我”是这个时代文化鲜明的烙印,在这个时代除了“我”之外,没有其他。面对这种局面,任何统一的模式和方法已经失效。所以,后现代广告必须采用个人化诉求,与目标消费者进行一对一的交流与沟通。事实上,广告诉求的对象一直在由大众向小众转变,广告越来越成为个人化的东西,以至不同的广告只能被不同的小群体所理解。理性诉求到感性诉求是一个质的飞跃,个性化诉求是在感性诉求的基础上的又一个飞跃,而后现代广告要求的就是个人化的诉求。“理性诉求是以大众为对象,感性诉求则是为别人而感动,个性化诉求使人产生更贴近那些更小群体,甚至边缘群体的归属感,而个人化诉求则完全使个人在生存理念上找到归宿。” 后现代广告的主题趋向观念化,而观念的对象正是个人,即以个人为对象,进行价值观念和生活理念的交流,这是一个信息双向交互作用的过程。所以,后现代广告的话语模式大多与“我”有关,以第一人称来拉近与目标消费者的心理距离。如:李宁运动女装的“我运动,我存在”,索尼游戏网站的“我玩,故我在”,中兴百货的“我爱流行,所以我存在”。此外,具有代表性的形象和生活方式也是个人化表达的主要途径。由于消费文化肯定人性中本来的东西,认为存在即是合理,对个人非理性、无原则、卑琐、隐秘的情感的支持和宽容,使得这些往日不敢登大雅之堂的心理堂而皇之地登堂入室,在后现代广告中大唱主角,毫不留情地破坏现代广告的谨慎作风,并对现代广告虚假造作的完美形象大加嘲讽。 在我国,社会文化呈现出一种多元纠结的复杂局面。漫长的封建社会遗留下来的传统文化,在某种程度上还占据着重要地位。现代社会正在建设之中,现代社会所提倡的民主、法制和知识的普及,还远远没有达到,大众文化并未得到充分发展。而此时,在率先进入后工业社会的西方资本主义国家,消费文化已经取代了大众文化的统治地位,并凭藉经济全球化之力,或多或少地对我国社会产生了影响。因此,在大多数情况下,传统文化、大众文化和消费文化纠结共存,共同作用于社会生活。所以,在这种背景下,后现代广告可能在各种文化的夹缝中滋生以至蔓延。我们不能单纯地判断某一地区、某一产品或某类目标人群适合或不适合后现代广告,而是要综合考虑各方面因素。以上提到的4种情况,仅仅是指不考虑其他变量的单纯状态。因此,在实际操作中还是要辩证地看问题,具体问题具体分析。
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后现代广告受到的租碍 后现代广告的产生是传统广告运作已不可救药的过于规范化、理性化的结果,是消费文化盛行的后现代工业社会情境下的产物。中兴百货的广告在消费者中大受欢迎,贝纳通广告使得其产品销售额飞速增长,一跃成为世界五大服装名牌之一,但与此同时,功不可没的后现代广告却没有得到业界的大力追捧,为什么?其中的根本原因还在于后现代广告是有进人门槛的。 1.针对目标受众说话。 后现代广告并不是所有的消费者都能够接受的。但在消费个性化的大势面前,想一网打尽所有的消费者也是不现实的。以传统的观点来看,获得大多数社会受众的认同对于企业而言是至关重要的。但不要忘记,这是消费个性化的时代,企业的定位也应个性化。毕竟,并不是所有的顾客都是企业的“上帝”,只有那些能带给企业正盈利的顾客才是。总言之,针对有效目标说话,是企业考虑是否采用后现代广告的根本原则。 2.后现代广告的兴起并不代表现代广告的没落。 后现代广告有助于扩大品牌影响力、增强忠诚度,但这一功能的实现是有前提的,即必须以企业优良的产品和良好的口碑为支撑。 3.后现代广告的憧憬。 后现代主义被称为自相矛盾的二元论,即不仅仅是对现代主义的反动,也有延续。但在当前的后现代广告中我们只看到了后现代摧毁、解构和否定性的一面。它以生冷、难以消化的文案刻意地拉开自己与传统、现实的距离,却从不打算寻求办法来停止传统和现实的“媚俗”;它以刻骨铭心的图片来反映社会的“阴暗面”,却从不打算寻求办法重建人与世界的关系、人与人的关系。这样的后现代主义在兴起之初固然能够以它的标新立异吸引消费者的“眼球”,但人们不可能始终在“破坏”中生活,有“破”须有“立”。在这一方面,希望企业能够以长远的眼光去看待和采用后现代广告。
后现代广告案例分析
中兴百货不过是台北一个占地只有3500坪的中小型百货公司。但凭着那些风格诡异、气质独特的广告,已跃居台北百货公司坪值比排行榜首位。而“百货公司”这个空间概念业也已成为台北一类人的消费情境典范。 还是先睹为快。中兴百货1997年春装上市广告《书店篇》:一群服饰华丽、表情冷漠的年轻人以书店为舞台展示服装,一国文老先生严肃而无可奈何地看着他们。广告文案为:“有了胸部之后,你还需要什么?脑袋。到服装店培养气质,到书店展示服装。”1998年《森林/樱花篇》:“衣服。衣服是这个时代最后的美好环境。他觉得这个城市比想象中还要粗暴。她觉得摔飞机的几率远大于买到一双令人后悔的高跟鞋。他觉得人生脆弱得不及于一枚A型流行感冒病毒。她甚至觉得爱人比不上一张床来得忠实——不安的人们居住在各自的衣服里寻求仅存的保护和慰藉。毕竟在世纪末恶劣的废墟里,衣服会是这个时代最后的美好环境”。徜徉在“社会潜意识”上的广告运动 带着美国国旗标志的黑人小孩正准备去亲吻一个带着苏联国旗标志的黑人小孩、被手铐合铐在一起的黑人与白人、正在亲吻着天主教修女的犹太教拉比、五彩斑澜的避孕套,等等。这些曾在国际社会上引起广泛争议的广告上都附带绿底白字的公司标语“全色彩的贝纳通(United Color of-Benetton)”。 贝纳通是意大利的时装生产商,于1965年成立。至今在世界上100多个国家建立了4000多家商店。高品质、高品位是贝纳通驰誉全球的根本原因,但标新立异的广告也起着举足轻重的作用。1985年以前,贝纳通广告并无特别之处,遵循着一般服饰广告的诉求要点;而1985年以后,贝纳通广告展开了一系列以“全色彩的贝纳通”为主题的广告活动,广告内容涉及种族、国家、宗教、艾滋病等敏感话题。尤其是1988年以后,贝纳通几乎每年都有惊世之作,有的甚至还遭到了某些国家的封杀。 曾有社会调查表明:电视节目插播广告期间,居民的用水量陡增。语外之意,可知当今消费者对日益泛滥的硬性推销型广告和极尽诱惑之能事的品牌广告的抵制。消费者的不满甚至反感正是后现代广告兴起的直接原因。后现代主义是相对于现代主义而言的。现代主义强调核心化,即无论干什么事情都要有一个核心,诸如风俗、习惯、道德等,似乎离开了核心,事情就无法办成。而后现代主义的实质就是对核心论的反驳,它反对中心性、体系性、整体性,张扬非理性、本能释放和个性自由。 后现代广告就是后现代主义思想指引下的产物。中兴百货和贝纳通广告则分别代表了后现代广告的两种主要表现形式。为什么这样说呢? 1、从广告诉求来看,后现代广告都是对潜意识进行诉求。 潜意识源于精神分析学理论。这一理论的创始人弗洛伊德认为,心理并不等于意识,处于意识以外的东西并不等于处于心灵之外。这就意味着在进行广告创意的时候,如果总是停留在意识层面,那么我们就不可能彻底理解消费者的精神世界,甚至还有可能对之产生误解,因而对潜意识的关注必不可少。潜意识又可分为个人潜意识和社会潜意识。 个人潜意识是指许多不易被风俗、惯例、道德等所容的原始冲动和本能。根据精神分析学理论,它是人类心理最原始也是最不安分的因素,虽然处于心理的最深处,却有着巨大的能量和强烈的活性。它按照“快乐原则”去追求满足,寻找发泄的去处。中兴百货广告绝大多数都是以消费者潜意识为诉求对象的。 社会潜意识则是指社会的大多数成员共同被压抑的领域。由于每个社会都有特定的意识形态、风俗习惯、行为规范和禁忌令,因此每个社会都只允许符合该社会需要的思想情感保留于意识之中。那些被压抑和排斥的思想、情感就构成了社会潜意识。贝纳通广告被认为是,惊世骇俗,就是因为它不断地推出关于国家、种族等敏感话题和艾滋病、安全性行为等问题的创意,并毫无顾忌的展现其真实的一面(即社会潜意识)。贝纳通大胆出位的行为虽然遭到了不少人(非目标顾客群)的质疑甚至抵制,但也得到了更多独具个性、紧跟时尚潮流的消费者的青睐,业务因此而增长。 2、从广告内容来看,后现代广告只是“思想的空壳”,缺乏体系性。无论是针对个人潜意识的广告还是社会潜意识的广告,它们都无意于深入展开问题,更无意于解决问题。 中兴百货的广告把商业和文化完美地结合了起来,但其所形成的“购物哲学”并不具备深邃的思想,而只是追求标新立异的文化流行语的集群,如“一年买两件好衣服是道德的”、“服装就是一种高明的政治,政治就是一种高明的服装”等。它的广告所体现出的文化教育观念更多是一种浮光掠影的商业运作,即通过伪装、张扬消费者的意识形态和消费欲望来平息消费者对品牌和商品的潜在抵制情绪。 贝纳通广告虽诉求点不同,但手法、目的如出一辙。自1985年以来,贝纳通广告持续不断地直指社会丑陋现象,将各种社会问题可视化,但实质上它根本无意于更持续深入的展开对这些问题的追问。换言之,贝纳通其实是盗用了社会正义的名义去树立自己关注社会问题的品牌形象,以获取最大化的利润。 3、从广告风格和形式来看,后现代广告通常以冷性的文案或具有强烈视觉冲击力的图片脱颖而出。 中兴百货的广告文案是其广告的灵魂和点睛之笔。其特点是大量的冷僻名词术语的引用、传统语法结构的颠覆、语句松散互不连贯。这样的文案,消费者往往无从理解但却觉得喜欢,有感觉。而贝纳通的广告则以图片为主,色彩鲜艳、对比鲜明,常给人以深刻的印象。特别是近年来,贝纳通开始把新闻照片转为广告,诸如濒死的爱滋病人和他悲切的家人、非洲的小孩和卖淫者等,更能引起消费者的共鸣。

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...Mr. Weidenboerner Period 7 Purpose: To explore sensors and use them to knock down a box filled with bean bags without going over the edge of a precipice. Hypothesis: I think that designs with a high point of impact and and sensor placed out in front of the robot will have the best results. Group 2 | Trial | Distance from the Egde | 1 | 28 mm | 2 | 32 mm | 3 | 35 mm | 4 | 22 mm | 5 | fail | Average | 32 mm | Competion | Group | Average | 1 | 23 mm | 2 | 32 mm | 3 | fail | 4 | 7 mm | Program Flow: 1. #Include “Main.h” 2. 3. void main (void) 4. { 5. int limitswitch; 6. 7. // 0 is pressed 8. // 1 is not pressed 9. Wait (5000) 10. while (1==1) 11. { 12. limitswitch = Get DigitalInput (1); 13. if (limitswitch==1) 14. { 15. Set Motor (1.0); 16. Set Motor (10.0); 17. Wait (200) 18. } 19. else 20. } 21. Set Motor (1.-40); 22. Set Motor (10.40); 23. } 24. } 25. } Results: Group 1 cam in second place with an average of 23 mm from 5 trials. Group 2 (my group), came in third place with an average of 32 mm from the edge of the table. Group 3 came in last place with one fail and not having completed the rest of the trials yet. Group 4 came in first place with an average of 7 mm from the edge of the table. Conclusion: I think that...

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Raw Data

...@; do rep=1 to 3; do s1=1 to 3; do s2=1 to 2; input y @@; output; end;end;end; datalines; 1 1 12 13 14 15 23 22 15 16 17 18 24 15 26 25 18 19 20 21 1 2 23 10 23 20 15 33 26 13 26 23 16 12 18 36 29 16 29 26 1 3 21 15 34 23 16 19 24 18 37 26 17 17 19 22 27 21 40 29 2 1 13 18 23 14 18 21 16 21 26 17 19 20 21 24 19 24 29 20 2 2 16 16 13 25 19 21 19 19 16 28 20 18 22 24 22 22 19 31 2 3 17 24 15 17 19 21 20 27 18 20 20 26 22 24 23 30 21 23 ; proc print; run; /* lets consider A and B are random, and of course rep, samoplings ( s1 and s2 ) all are random */ proc glm; class a b rep s1 s2; model y=a b a*b rep(a*b) s1(rep*a*b); random a b a*b rep(a*b) s1(rep*a*b); run; proc varcomp method=type1; class a b rep s1 s2; model y=a b a*b rep(a*b) s1(rep*a*b); run; output: The SAS System 10:46 Wednesday, November 16, 2011 21 Obs a b rep s1 s2 y 1 1 1 1 1 1 12 2 1 1 1 1 2 13 3 1 1 1 2 1 14 4 1 1 1 2 2 15 5 1 1 1 3 1 23 6 1 1 1 3 2 22 7 1 1 2 1 1 15 8 1 1 2 1 2 16 ...

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...To Write a Chemical Formula in OWL Enclose subscripts with underscores _. Enclose superscripts with carats ^. The underscore key is next to the number zero on the keyboard. The carat key is the number six on the keyboard. H_2_O = H2O Cr^3+^ = Cr3+ Combined: SO_4_^2−^ = SO42− Ions Unit Charge Ions Write the number first and then the charge. Do not include the number one in unit charge ions. N^3−^ = N3− Ca^2+^ = Ca2+ Na^+^ = Na+ Cl^−^ = Cl− Using the Chemical Formula Input The chemical formula input box displays the superscripts and subscripts as you enter the formula. There are 3 ways to use the input box. • Keyboard: Use the keyboard to enter underscores and carats on your own. • Buttons after: Enter the formula without underscores or carats, then highlight each superscript and/or subscript, click the appropriate subscript or superscript button, and the underscores or carats will be filled in automatically. • Button during: Use the subscript or superscript buttons to enter the underscores and carats while you type the formula. To Write a Chemical Formula in OWL Enclose subscripts with underscores _. Enclose superscripts with carats ^. The underscore key is next to the number zero on the keyboard. The carat key is the number six on the keyboard. H_2_O = H2O Cr^3+^ = Cr3+ Combined: SO_4_^2−^ = SO42− Ions Unit Charge Ions Write the number first and then the charge. Do not include the number one in unit charge ions. N^3−^ = N3− Ca^2+^ = Ca2+...

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...Grade 5 Math STAAR Student Workbook © Forde-Ferrier, L.L.C. Page 1 Table of Contents STAAR Reporting Category 1: Numbers, Operations, and Quantitative Reasoning TEKS 5.1(A) Read, Write, Compare, and Order Whole Numbers (Supporting) TEKS5.1(B) Read, Write, Compare, and Order Decimals (Supporting) TEKS 5.2(A) Generate Equivalent Fractions (Readiness) TEKS 5.2(B) Generate Mixed Numbers and Improper Fractions (Supporting) TEKS 5.2(C) Comparing Fractions (Readiness) TEKS 5.2(D) Relate Fractions to Decimals (Supporting) TEKS 5.3(A-C) Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, and Division (Readiness) TEKS 5.3(D) Identify Common Factors of a Set of Whole Numbers (Supporting) TEKS 5.3(E) Addition and Subtraction of Fractions (Supporting) TEKS 5.4(A) Estimation (Supporting) STAAR Reporting Category 2: Patterns, Relationships, and Algebraic Thinking TEKS 5.5(A) Relationship of Data (Readiness) TEKS 5.5(B) Identify Prime and Composite Numbers (Supporting) TEKS 5.6(A) Solution Sentences (Supporting) STAAR Reporting Category 3: Geometry and Spatial Reasoning TEKS 5.7(A) Geometric Properties (Supporting) TEKS 5.8(A and B) Transformations (5.8A Readiness/5.8B Supporting) TEKS 5.9(A) Locate and Name Points on a Coordinate Grid (Supporting) STAAR Reporting Category 4: Measurement TEKS 5.10(A) Perform Simple Conversions (Supporting) TEKS 5.10(B) Formulas for Perimeter, Area, and Volume (Supporting) TEKS 5.10(C) Length, Perimeter, Area, and Volume (Readiness) TEKS 5.11(A) Changes in Temperature...

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...Choices and Consequences The Number 1 choice is Jerry, the father, offers the best utilitarianism of hope and use of his life to help his children and family and the best longevity of life given he has essentially been healthy except for the damage done to his heart from the Steroids some 20 to 30 years earlier. His wife and children play no part in the decision in him getting the heart. It all has to do with his health, and ability to live a life after he receives it. And also some other facts which should be considered like life expectancy, importance, age etc. when deciding on whom to donate the heart to. He’s cause for damage to the heart was the steroids, of which he was unaware of the consequences of taking the steroids at the time he took so there wasn’t any sort of health irresponsibility known otherwise. His chances to live 10-15 more years are very high so it’s one point investing in him. He has a family to take care of, wife and the 3 kids who he has to support till they are on their feet and so forth. He also has been a good supporting father as he’s already being supporting their dreams career wise and the future. So my first choice with all confidence would be Jerry. The number 2 choice is Ozzie because as LONG as he does not get back on his old ways HE does hold out some hope on society as a whole as long he does NOT revert back and does good in society by helping out and he no longer does any drugs - he really can have a useful and a prosperous and productive...

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Toatl Quality Management

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