1. Intel and Advanced Micro Devices (AMD). 2. Five differences between Intel and AMD CPU’s: a. Different processor sockets b. Different types of instruction sets c. Cache sizes d. Perform versus clock speed. 3. Definitions: e. Clock Rate: It’s the frequency or speed of the component. It’s rated in cycles per second and measured in Hertz (Hz). f. Clock Speed: it’s the same as Clock Rate. g. System Bus Speed: It’s the base clock speed of the motherboard; also known motherboard clock speed is generated by a quartz oscillating crystal soldered in it. h. External Clock Speed: This is the speed of the front side bus (FSB) which connects the CPU to the memory controller HUB (Northbridge) on the motherboard. 4. Hyperthreating (HT Technology): It’s a technology developed by Intel for processing two executions threads within a single processor. 5. Processor Throttling: By slowing down or throttling the processor’s clock speed processor when the workload is light, the processor runs cooler, the system uses less energy and enjoys a longer battery life. Also known a thermal throttling, when a processor gets too hot for the computer’s cooling system to work properly. Intel uses the term “SpeedStep or Enhanced SpeedStep” and AMD the term “Cool’n’Quiet”. 6. Overclocking a CPU refers to the practice of running a processor or other components at speed higher than normal. Some of the processor INTEL or AMD feature unlocked clock multipliers the user cannot use the overclocking the system. In case you can use on processor and other components run hotter than normal, so techniques such as additional cooling fans, replacing standard active heat sinks with models feature greater cooling, and adjusting processor voltages help to maintain system stability at faster speeds. 7. Cache memory improves system performance by enabling the processor to reuse retrieve memory locations. AMD and Intel feature three levels of cache: i. Level 1 (L1): L1 cache is built in the processor core (8KB – 64 KB). When the processor needs to access memory it checks the contents of L1 first. j. Level 2 (L2): L2 cache is built onto the processor. If the processor doesn’t find the desire memory locations in L1, it checks L2. k. Level 3 (L3): L3 cache is found on a few high-performance processors and is also built onto processor. On systems with L3 cache, the processor checks L3 after checking L1 and L2 caches. 8. The advantage The 64-bit CPU run 64-bit operation system and use more than 4 GB in RAM and maintain compatible with 32-bit systems. Some of the processors require work with 64-bit only, 32-bit only or others support each other. 9. Before removing or installing any CPU or another internal component, be sure to review and follow the electrostatic discharge (EDS) precautions. 10. Cause overheating of a CPU: l. Fan failure. m. Bad connection to the motherboard. n. Bad connection with drive-cable power o. The processor overheats because the fan stops working. 11. Improve reliability and life specifying a ball-bearing fan rather than the typical sleeve-bearing units that was cheaper.