5.1.1
The IEEE 802.1standard concerns with the standards and recommendations in the of architecture and internetworking of local area networks (LANs) and metropolitan area networks (MANs), security, network management, and protocol issues above the Data Link Layer.
5.1.2
The original 802.3 standard that defined PoE is IEEE 802.3af. The standard was enhanced in 2009 and give the new standard name 802.3af PoE+.
5.1.3
Standard | Cabling | Maximum Length | 10BASE5 | Coaxial (thicknet) | 500m | 10BASE2 | Coaxial(thinnet) | 200m | 10BASE-T | UTP (cat3, 5, 5e, 6) | 100-150m | 100BASE-FX | Fiber optic | 400m | 100BASE-T | UTP or optical fiber | 100m | 100BASE-T4 | UTP (cat3, 5, 5e, 6) | 100m | 100BASE-TX | UTP (cat3, 5, 5e, 6) | 100m | 1000BASE-LX | MM Fiber optic | 550m | 1000BASE-SX | MM Fiber optic | 220m or 550m (depends upon fiber thickness) | 1000BASE-ZX | SM fiber optic | 100km | 1000BASE-T | UTP (Cat5) | 100m |

5.1.4
The numeric prefix before BASE in the Ethernet standards defines the transmission speed. The postfix –T implies twisted pair.

5.2.1
A MAC address must be unique for every NIC produced because switches forward frames based on their destination MAC address and if more than one NIC in the same LAN were to have the same MAC address (including the last 24 bits in the MAC address) then the switches would be confused as to which NIC would get the frame.

5.2.2
Connection-specific DNS Suffix: att.net
Description: Dell Wireless 1705 802.11b/g/n (2.4GHZ)
Physical Address: ‎64-5A-04-CE-E2-44
DHCP Enabled: Yes
IPv4 Address: 192.168.1.73
IPv4 Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
Lease Obtained: Wednesday, July 23, 2014 1:59:29 AM
Lease Expires: Thursday, July 24, 2014 10:47:21 AM
IPv4 Default Gateway: 192.168.1.254
IPv4 DHCP Server: 192.168.1.254
IPv4 DNS Server: 192.168.1.254
IPv4 WINS Server:
NetBIOS over Tcpip Enabled: Yes
IPv6 Address: 2602:30a:2ead:1830:71bb:e562:acc5:68b
Temporary IPv6 Address: 2602:30a:2ead:1830:18f8:c687:67ad:1d37
Link-local IPv6 Address: fe80::71bb:e562:acc5:68b%11
IPv6 Default Gateway: fe80::3e36:e4ff:fe28:8a0%11
IPv6 DNS Server:

5.2.3.
Physical Address: ‎64-5A-04-CE-E2-44

5.2.4
64-5A-04 (hex) Chicony Electronics Co., Ltd. 645A04 (base 16) Chicony Electronics Co., Ltd. No.25, Wugong 6th Rd., Wugu Dist., New Taipei City 248 TAIWAN, PROVINCE OF CHINA 5.2.5 IPv4 Address: 192.168.1.73
IPv4 Default Gateway: 192.168.1.254
5.2.6
The ARP request message is sent using the Ethernet broadcast address, and an Ethernet protocol type of value. Since it is broadcast it is sent to all systems in the same collision domain (LAN). The target system forms a response. Then the response is unicast to the address of the computer that sent the request. 5.2.8

5.2.8

5.2.9

5.3.1

IP address: 192.168.1.73
Default gateway: fe80::3e36:e4ff:fe28:8a0%11 192.168.1.254

5.3.2
Address- ::1:
Numbers of pings- 4
Time- 1ms

5.3.3
Ping 192.168.1.254- 1.25ms
Ping www.google.com – 32.5ms
Pinging Google was a lot slower than pinging the local host.
Ping www.yahoo.com- 70.25ms

5.3.4
Ping –a 192.168.1.254- dsldevice.att.net
Ping –a localhost- MININT-0PH1C1A

5.3.5
Ping –n 6 192.168.1.254- 1.167ms
It is faster using 6 pings instead of 4 pings.

5.3.6
192.168.1.254- 1 device www.google.com & www.yahoo.com

Google and Yahoo have one device they share: 2605:300:e5333:1510::4

5.3.7
10 active connections returned. TCP protocols in use.
44 active connections returned. The connection originated at 127.0.0.1:7112.