Networking Infrastructure has changed dynamically from the dialup connection to the fast broadband connection, but the logical protocols necessary for routing traffic and interacting with applications haven't changed as dramatically and dynamically.
2.2.1 Sockets
“Socket is used to send and receive data”.A socket is one end of a communication channel between two processes that want to talk to each other. A network connection (or interprocess communication channel) has two sockets, one for each end of the channel. A network connection is established by one socket making a connection with another socket, the listening socket, which is listening for incoming connections.
A socket address is the combination of the IP address…show more content… Applications that do not require reliable data stream service may use User Datagram Protocol (UDP), which provides connectionless datagram service thatreduced latency over reliability. The Transmission Control Protocol provides a communication service at an intermediate level between an application program and the Internet Protocol. It provides host-to-host connectivity at the Transport Layerof the Internet model. An application does not need to know the particular mechanisms for sending data via a link to another host, such as the required packet fragmentation on the transmission medium. At the transport layer, the protocol handles all handshaking and transmission details and presents an abstraction of the network connection to the application. TransmissionControl Protocol accepts data from a data stream, divides it into chunks, and adds a TCP header creating a TCP segment. The TCP segment is then encapsulatedinto an Internet Protocol (IP) datagram, and exchanged with peers. A TCP segment consists of a segment header and a data section. The TCP header contains 10 mandatory fields, and an optional extension
