...Overview: Lab 2 The purpose of Lab 2 was to examine the role and nature of restriction enzymes as well to take the first steps in producing a recombinant DNA molecule. Plasmids are circular DNA pieces found in bacterial cells. Plasmids are used in genetic engineering to expedite gene cloning and gene expression (through protein production) in bacteria. Through cloning, antibiotic resistance genes have been placed inside of plasmids and the antibiotic resistance genes function as selectable markers – genes that allow scientists to select between bacteria that do and do not have the plasmid. If a bacterium does in fact possess a plasmid that has an antibiotic resistance gene then that particular bacterium will be able to reproduce in an environment with that specific antibiotic present. Bacteria that do not possess a plasmid with an antibiotic resistance gene will not be able to grow. Therefore, antibiotics can be used to pin point bacteria that are resistant and presumably contain a plasmid with the resistance gene from those that are not resistant...
Words: 1327 - Pages: 6
...The proteins are known as histones. The histones act as a scaffold organizing the structure of the DNA; a long string of the nucleotides. The histones are responsible for DNA folding and the overall formation of chromatin. Without the histones presence DNA itself would be extremely long in length, too long in length to fit inside the cell. The histones associate in octomers, 8 histones, to form beads on a string; Beads on a string describes the DNA wrapping around the octomer histone proteins. The term nucleoside describes the segments of DNA wrapped around histones. The Nucleosomes particles comprise of the complementary base pairings of DNA, which are wrapped around the histone proteins. The Nucleosomes are the fundamental repeating unit of a chromatin. It helps to package the large DNA genomes in the nucleus of a cell. It does this with the help of the histones, they in conjunction with one another, help from a tightly coiled structure. The Nucleosomes achieve this structure by compacting to form solenoid fibres. These fibres will fold or coil, to form complex loops, these are further condensed, which will later form...
Words: 1212 - Pages: 5
...ci3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM Fig 3.1 block diagram of the vibration measurement system The above figure shows the block diagram of the vibration measurement system. The different blocks of the block diagram are the sensor which is used to measure the vibrations. The sensor we are using in this project is MMA8451Q accelerometer, which is able to measure the vibrations. The vibration data need to be measured from the acceleration data of the accelerometer by setting different thresholds. Then the data from the accelerometer need to be transferred to the microcontroller which is used to process the data. The microcontroller which we have selected to do the processing of the data is MKL25Z32VFM4 which is ARM® Cortex™-M0+ processor. This is best suited for the processing of the accelerometer data. There are different types of protocols that can be used to communicate with this controller. It supports SPI, I2C etc, the communication between the accelerometer and the microcontroller uses I2C protocol to transfer the data between two. For development we used MKL25Z128VLK4 controller. Even this is also ARM® Cortex™-M0+ processor. The reason for using this processor is this processor will be available on a FRDM KL25Z board from freescale and this board also has MMA8451Q accelerometer populated on the board. So till the completion of designing the PCB this board can be used for development. The processor which will be used in the final product and the processor which we are using now for development...
Words: 2136 - Pages: 9
...organ and tissue transplant: The Major histocompatibility complexes (MHC), think of them like trackers or identifications tags that are found on almost every cell that has a nucleus. They play an important role in activating the immune response and stopping further destruction. However, if MHC is not working properly, they can become antigenic. This means that the cell will not be able to recognize or distinguish self from non-self causing destruction of the cell. Thus, MHC plays an important role in organ and tissue transplantation success as well as can give rise to autoimmune diseases. In the case of organ and tissue transplant, it is crucial to match the MHC molecules of the donors and recipients to reduce risk of rejection of transplant. 2. Understanding the difference between humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity:...
Words: 487 - Pages: 2
...Amazon With amazon services you choose a service plan based upon a completely virtual environment. Using a preconfigured AMI (amazon machine image) or creating your own with its own set of network permissions and protocols. This also chooses instance types you may want. Multiple services using AMI and with that utilize static endpoints or attach persistent block storage to said instances. The resources you use is what you will pay for out of the total plan you have chosen based upon time or data transfer. Amazon also has an elastic block store based service with offers persistent storage for amazon EC2 instances. EC2 is a program which you decide a system to boot into it so it can be stopped and restarted with the whim of the client. With this the EBS volumes can be measured and observed by the client. EC2 also provides multiple locations. This is based mainly open regions and available zones. Elastic or dynamic IP addresses are available for wireless and mobile devices that will use these cloud services. Virtual private could is a thing all its own that will create logically isolated sections of the amazon web services which you can launch within your AWS resources to create a virtual network which you can also select your own section of IP addresses, subnets, and configuration of your route tables, networks and gateways. Within these services a Virtual private network (VPN). Amazon cloud watch is a service that monitors your data. This gives stats, graphs, and alarms when...
Words: 1385 - Pages: 6
...TAQ 2 1 A voluntary muscle named the quadriceps has a structure that is divided into four separate portions. These include, the rectus femoris occupying the middle of the thigh and covering most of the other three quadriceps muscles, originating on the illium. The remaining three portions lay deep to rectus femoris and originate from the body of the femur that cover from thetrochanters to the condyles. Vastus lateralis is on the lateral side of the femur (outer side of the thigh). Vastus medialis is on the medial side of the femur (the inner part thigh). Vastus intermedius sits between vastus lateralis and vastus medialis on the front of the femur (on the top or front of the thigh), but deep to the rectus femoris. All four parts of the quadriceps muscle insert into the tibial tuberosity of thetibia. This process goes through the patella where the quadriceps tendon becomes the patellar ligament resulting in the attachment to the tibia (bbc, 2011)....
Words: 745 - Pages: 3
...The objective of this lab is to become familiar with memory mapping for a HCS12 and address decoding. Results: What I found out after doing the lab is that I was able to determine what the CPU’s functions are and how the CPU handles the data. Also, I was able to determine the memory locations/address ranges as asked within our lab. Conclusions: I thought this lab was really awesome because I was able to observe, construct, and become familiarized with how memory mapping works, as well as address decoding. What I have implemented from this lab is that we can determine the memory size by converting hexadecimal to binary. Team: Sheree Elder ECET 330 Sheree Elder Name Program Signature Observations/Measurements: IV. 1: Memory...
Words: 572 - Pages: 3
...2.151 Where pipes and cables enter buildings the entry point area is free of gaps. Observation: In the silo room the new pipe through the wall was not completely sealed. Facility External: 2.152 Facility grounds including the parking lots, are kept clean and well maintained. Observation: Pipe leading out of building allows material (suspect sugar) to backflow onto pavement on exterior of the building. Flying insects observed in this area. Decaying skunk along building perimeter. 2.153 Vegetation is kept short to discourage infestation and pest harborage. Grass is cut and weeds are kept to a minimum. 2.154 Grounds are graded to prevent standing water. Observation: Signs of erosion and past puddles within two foot perimeter of building. Mars representative on external site tour mentioned that water does pool in these areas. 2.155 Gutters and drains are clean and in good working order. Observation: Drain/screen in Clean Out of Place room was full of debri/product and showing evidence of flying insects. An open floor drain with no cover was observed in the Conche room. 2.156 A system of waste disposal is established. Trash and other refuse is disposed of in a safe and sanitary manner and emptied on a routine basis. 2.157 Building exterior is protected against rodent and insect entry, i.e. doors are tight fitting and window and door screens are in good condition. Truck seals / cushions are in place. Observation: The 4 roll-up doors in rail receiving don’t have brush seals...
Words: 849 - Pages: 4
...1. Antibodies are released in the body when antigens are present within its system and are responsible for neutralizing them. An Antigen is a foreign substance such as a virus that causes the immune system to release antibodies. An Antibody contains a set of antigen binding sites that it binds with Antigens when present. Antibodies bind with specific Antigens that were responsible for their production. Antibodies also contain light chains and heavy chains. The ends of these chains determine the specific antigens in which the antibody binds to and this part of the antibody is called the variable region. 2. The conjugation that occurs during the ELISA test is very important because it improves the specificity of the disease. Each well contains...
Words: 718 - Pages: 3
...the fractions obtained, the following equation was used: -ε = A / x l = C -A – Absorbance 0.045 ε- 0.0672 L - 1 So 0.045 / 0.0672 x 1 = 0.6696 rounded to 3sig fig = 0.670 and to 2sigfig for the 620 wavelength. The remaining concentrations of vitamin B12 fractions at wavelength 460 nm and 620nm were worked out in same way using the same equation. Converting absorbance figures The absorbance figures of vitamin B12 were multiplied by a 1000 to convert them into molarity E.g. 0.670 x 1000 = 670)mm) Fractions Absorbance at wavelength 460nm Concentration of vitamin B12 Sample = 0.0672 Vitamin B12 absorbance converted into Molarity (mM) Absorbance at wavelength 620nm Concentration of Vitamin B12 Sample = 0.0036 1 0.045 0.670 670 0.022 6.1 2 0.046 0.685 685 0.020 5.5 3 0.048 0.714 714 0.179 49.7 4 0.062 0.923 923 0.639 17.46 5 0.057 0.848 848 0.721 200 6 0.040 0.595 595 0.343 95.27 7 0.046 0.685 685 0.142 39.4 8 0.077 1.146 1146 0.052 14.4 9 0.126 1.876 1876 0.024 6.6 10 0.1910 1.880 1880 0.016 4.4 11 0.157 2.336 2336 0.010 2.7 12 0.151 2.247 2247 0.035 9.72 13 0.061 0.908 908 0.005 1.38 14 0.042 0.623 623 0.002 0.5 15 0.033 0.491 491 0.003 0.83 16 0.031 0.461 461 0.002 0.5 17 0.030 0.446 446 0.002 0.5 18 0.058 0.863 863 0.030 8.3 19 0.031 0.461 461 0.002 0.5 20 0.051 0.759 759 0.007 1.94 21 0.054 0.804 804 0.002 0.5 22 0.055 0.818 818 0.018 5 23 0.040 0.595 595 0.014 3.8 24 0.055 0.818 818 0.003 0.83 25 Q2. Wavelength 460nm ...
Words: 1100 - Pages: 5
...Julee Pettis Ch. 2 Reaction What did you learn? – Be sure to mention each section---What was confusing? – Only need 1 thing for the whole assignment What was most interesting? – Only need 1 thing for the whole assignment I learned that: 1. Quandaries: If the temperature of the earth increases by 5°F, the ocean will rise by one foot. (pg. 38) 2. Atoms and Molecules and the Meaning of Heat: I learned that you can see moving pieces of dust under a microscope. (pg. 40) 3. The Speed of Sound and the Speed of Light: I did not know that the speed of molecules is related to the speed of sound. (pg. 41) 4. The Enormous Energy in Heat: I learned that when an asteroid hit the Earth, the molecules were moving at 30km/s. (pg. 42) 5. Hiss and Snow: Electronic...
Words: 816 - Pages: 4
...When comparing equation 2 to the original data, the equation visually appears identical, however, it crosses the y-axis at a slightly lower value than the original value. Furthermore, the graph seems to be an exponential decay, thus, the asymptote remains the same for both the equation and original data. A list of values produced by the equation is compared to the values of the original data from the experiment, in order to provide a better comparison and accuracy of the model. Table 2: A data table showing the comparison of recorded data from equation 2 and the original data from the experiment. Comparison of recorded data from Equation 2 and the original data from the experiment. t (min) Recorded temperature from the experiment...
Words: 743 - Pages: 3
...Amazon With amazon services you choose a service plan based upon a completely virtual environment. Using a preconfigured AMI (amazon machine image) or creating your own with its own set of network permissions and protocols. This also chooses instance types you may want. Multiple services using AMI and with that utilize static endpoints or attach persistent block storage to said instances. The resources you use is what you will pay for out of the total plan you have chosen based upon time or data transfer. Amazon also has an elastic block store based service with offers persistent storage for amazon EC2 instances. EC2 is a program which you decide a system to boot into it so it can be stopped and restarted with the whim of the client. With this the EBS volumes can be measured and observed by the client. EC2 also provides multiple locations. This is based mainly open regions and available zones. Elastic or dynamic IP addresses are available for wireless and mobile devices that will use these cloud services. Virtual private could is a thing all its own that will create logically isolated sections of the amazon web services which you can launch within your AWS resources to create a virtual network which you can also select your own section of IP addresses, subnets, and configuration of your route tables, networks and gateways. Within these services a Virtual private network (VPN). Amazon cloud watch is a service that monitors your data. This gives stats, graphs, and alarms when...
Words: 915 - Pages: 4
...This lab assignment was very informative for me. One of the few labs I have done in a college atmosphere that made sense and I could use in the real world. Before starting this lab I knew that protecting your information was important, as well as securing your computer from prying eyes. I also knew to a certain point that information was kept on the computer about your what, when, who, how, and when, but what I did not know is at how thorough a program was as picking through and deciphering the information. What I do know now is that it is VERY important to delete, no to shred, as much PII on your computer as possible. Using the Identity Finder program opened my eyes to seeing how much residual information is stored throughout the computer. One should be very careful on when, where, and by what means Social Security Numbers, Date of Births, Telephone Numbers, Addresses, and Passwords...
Words: 852 - Pages: 4
...the various cells of the nephron. Some of the transporters require energy, usually in the form of adenosine triphosphate (active transport), while other don’t (passive transport). Water gets reabsorbed passively by osmosis in response to the build-up of Na in spaces between the cells that form the wall of the nephron. The main sites where reabsorption occurs include proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle at the ascending and descending part and at the distal convoluted tubule. Secretions happen in the proximal convoluted tubule and in the distal convoluted tubule. Towards the end the collecting duct is where the excretion of unwanted substances takes place which goes down to the renal pelvis then leaving the kidneys via the ureter. Task 2 The Bowman’s capsule is a double walled epithelial cup, composed of tangled clusters of blood capillaries called glomerulus. The capsule is composed of two layers of cell: an inner layer that closely covers the glomerulus, and an outer layer. Plasma enters the glomerulus. There is an osmotic gradient in the glomerulus pushing fluid back in where there is also some fluid in Bowman’s capsule that opposes the flow of the filtrate into the Bowman’s capsule. However hydrostatic pressure overrides this and results in more pressure in glomerulus so the fluid flows into Bowman’s capsule. After this stage the fluid will flow into the proximal tubule. In the proximal convoluted tubule we reabsorb most of the materials that we need to reabsorb from the...
Words: 1855 - Pages: 8
