School of Science and Technology
Title: Lab 1-6

Student Name: Manuel MikewaOduor
Student No: M00519008
Supervisor: Mr. Kiama
Date: November 26th 2014

AIMS
• Explain how data is represented and basic operations on data;
• Answer all the questions in this Lab exercise

OBJECTIVES
• Understand binary numbers and their various calculation methods
• Understand the basic concepts of processors, memory, and I/O devices, and how they are interconnected;
• Understanding the functions of operating systems and BIOS

Lab Unit 1

1. What is 62 in binary?
2 into 62= 31 remainder 0
2 into 31= 15 remainder 1
2 into 15= 7 remainder 1
2 into 7= 3 remainder 1
2 into 3= 1 remainder 1
Answer= Binary 11110

2. What is 63 in Hexadecimal?
63/16= …show more content…
Because of this it’s becoming the standard type of ROM used in motherboards

Flash Memory is a type of constantly-powered non-volatile memory that can be erased and reprogrammed in units of memory called blocks
RAM (Random Access Memory) It allows the computer to read data quickly and efficiently to be able to run applications efficiently
DRAM (Dynamic RAM) It needs to be refreshed thousands of times per second which makes it slow
SRAM (Static RAM) does not need to be refreshed, which is what makes it faster than DRAM.
SDRAM (Synchronous RAM) is an old and slow type of Random Access Memory. It used to ship with old Pentium systems and is starting to die out

DDR SDRAM (Double data rate synchronous RAM) It’s just like SDRAM except that is has higher bandwidth, meaning greater speed.
DDR2-SDRAM (Double Data Rate Revision 2 Synchronous Dynamic RAM) it’s similar to original DDR memory, but it comes with an external data bus in the memory modules. This doubles the memory’s the clock rate, but at twice the latency. Therefore, DDR2 will operate at twice the speed of DDR …show more content…
It is faster than DDR2 and supports 8GB modules, whereas DDR2 memory only supports 4GB per module
VRAM (VideoRAM) is also known as multiport dynamic (MPDRAM), is a type of RAM used specifically for video adapters or 3-D accelerators. The "multiport" part comes from the fact that VRAM normally has two independent access ports instead of one, allowing the CPU and graphics processor to access the RAM simultaneously

SGRAM (synchronous graphics RAM) Many people are using this instead of VRAM because performance is nearly the same, only the SGRAM is cheaper.

RRAM (Resistive RAM) is a form of non-volatile storage that operates by changing the resistance of a specially formulated solid dielectric material. A RRAM device contains a component called a memristor (contraction of "memory resistor"), whose resistance varies when different voltages are imposed across