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Nt1330 Unit 3 Assignment 1

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Reactive protocols discover routes only as needed. When a node wishes to communicate with another node, it checks with its existing information for a valid route to the destination. If one exists, the node uses that route for communication with the destination node. If not, the source node initiates a route request procedure, to which either the destination node or one of the intermediate nodes sends a reply back to the source node with a valid route [5]. A soft state is maintained for each of these routes, if the routes are not used for some period of time, the routes are considered to be no longer needed and are removed from the routing table. Example of this type algorithm is DSR and AODV. AODV is a reactive protocol, even though it still …show more content…
AODV uses a destination sequence number for each route entry. The destination sequence number is created by the destination for any route information it sends to requesting nodes. Using destination sequence numbers ensures loop freedom and allows knowing which of the available routes is fresher and requesting node always selects the one with greatest sequence number. When a node wants to find a route, it broadcasts a RREQ to all network till either destination is reached or another node is found with a „fresh enough‟ route to the destination. Then a RREP is sent back to the source and the discovered route is made available. Note: Fresh Enough route is a valid route entry for the destination whose associated sequence number is at least as great as that contained in RREQ. Nodes that are part of an active route may offer connectivity information by broadcasting periodically local hello messages (special RREP messages) to its immediate neighbors. If hello messages stop arriving from a neighbor beyond some given time threshold, the connection is assumed to be lost. When a node detects that a route to a neighbor node is not valid it removes the routing entry and sends a RERR message to neighbors that are active and use the route; this is possible by maintaining active neighbor lists. This procedure is repeated at nodes that receive RERR messages. A source that receives an RERR can reinitiate a RREQ

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