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NameNode
HDFS stores the metadata on a dedicated server called NameNode. The HDFS namespace is a hierarchy of Files and Directories. Files and Directories are represented on the NameNode as inode. Inode records attributed like permission, modification, namespace and disk space quota. Name stores the Namespace tree and the mapping of the blocks to DataNodes.
DataNode
The file content is split into large blocks and each block of the file is independently replicated at multiple DataNodes. A cluster can have thousands of DataNodes and ten thousands of HDFS clients per cluster, as each DataNode can handle multiple tasks concurrently.
Each block replica on DataNode has two files in the local native file system. One file contains the actual data and the other file contains the blocks metadata, including checksums for data and the generation stamp. The actual size of the data file is the length of the block. …show more content…
The purpose of the handshake is to verify the namespace ID and the version of the DataNode. If either of them does not match then the DataNode shuts down automatically. The namespace ID is assigned to the file system instance when it is formatted. The namespace ID is persistently stored on all the nodes on the cluster. Nodes with different namespace ID will not be allowed to join the cluster thus maintaining the integrity of the filesystem. A DataNode that is newly initialized and without any namespace ID is allowed to join the cluster and receives the clusters namespace

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