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Client changes port number: When a client changes its port number on a subsequent connection, but the server does not, there is a risk that an old duplicate data packet sent by the server might be accepted by the new client. However, TFTP includes a provision to mitigate this problem. TFTP operates on UDP, where both the client and server need to specify their ports for communication. In TFTP, each new request from the client is sent from a new port on the client side. The server keeps track of the client’s source IP and port number for each connection it receives. When the client changes its port number for subsequent connections, the server still identifies the client using its IP address and the new port number. To conclude, even if the server sends an old duplicate data packet, it will be rejected by the client because the client’s port number has changed, and the server is expecting communication on the new port associated with the current connection. …show more content…
1 (b) Server Changes Port Number: If the server changes its port number on a subsequent connection but the client does not, similar mechanisms come into play to prevent acceptance of old duplicate data packets. Each new request from the client is sent from the same port on the client side, but the server the client uses is its IP address and the current port number associated with the new connection. To conclude, if the server sends an old duplicate data packet, it will be rejected by the client because the server’s port number has changed, and the client is expecting communication on the old port associated with the previous

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