...Applying Theory to a Practice Problem: Part 1: Introduction and Problem of Practice Grand Canyon University Theoretical Foundations for Nursing Roles and Practice NUR-502 Jennifer Wood, BSN, MSN, PhD. January 1, 2015 Applying Theory to a Practice Problem: Part 1: Introduction and Problem of Practice Theory serves as the foundation for understanding the essence of nursing and it gives the nurse the opportunity to understand the reason for the occurrence of an event (McEwen & Willis, 2014, p. 413). In different clinical settings, nurses care for patients amidst all the interruption and distraction and therefore are prone to making medical errors despite their best intentions. Medical errors are common in most healthcare settings and more so in the critical care units. According to the 1999 Institute of Medicine (IOM) report, several thousand people die each year from avoidable medical errors. Medical errors have been defined in different ways by various authors but one that captures the essence of this problem is that contained in the IOM report of 1999 which described this issue as “the failure of a planned action to be completed as intended or the use of a wrong plan to achieve an aim” (IOM, 1999). Medical errors include but are not limited to medication errors, errors associated with medical and surgical procedures, those associated with transcription and charting activities, adverse drug events, restraint-related injuries, or mistaken identities and are more likely...
Words: 1875 - Pages: 8
...Table of Contents Definition 1 Pathophysiology 2 Signs and Symptoms 3 Risk Factors 5 Diagnosis 6 Treatment 8 Nursing Responsibilities 10 Psychosocial Implication 10 Bibliography 12 Definition Erythroblastosis fetalis is a fatal hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) caused by incompatibilities in the blood groups between the mother and her unborn child during pregnancy. Because of the incompatibility, the mother's immune system may launch an immune response against the red blood cells of the fetus through the placenta, resulting in the destruction of the red blood cells (hemolysis). In the destruction of the red blood cells, the fetus can develop anemia. The red blood cell destruction ranges from mild to very severe, and fetal death from heart failure can occur, as well as life-threatening problems for future pregnancies. The Rhesus system (Rh) blood group antigen is responsible for most of the fatal cases of erythroblastosis fetalis, hence, the term Rh incompatibility disease. However, other alloimmune antigens belonging to the Kell (K and k), Duffy (Fya), Kidd (Jka and Jkb), MNSs (M, N, S, and s), Diego, Xg, P, Ee, Cc antigen systems, as well as other antigens may also produce the disease. Incompatibilities of Landsteiner (A, B and O) blood group systems do not cause erythroblastosis fetalis. A French midwife reported the first case of HDN in a set of twins, in 1609. In 1932, Diamond and colleagues described the relationship of fetal hydrops, jaundice...
Words: 2684 - Pages: 11
...Case Study 13 Analysis Elizabeth Sapp University of North Carolina at Charlotte The situational analysis of Emanuel Medical Center (EMC) reveals a not-for profit independent hospital located in Turlock, California that is encountering financial troubles as it struggles to remain open. Changes in federal regulations such as the implementation of the EMTALA (Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act) laws and lower reimbursement rates for federally run insurance programs, changes in service area demographics, and the evolution of the services that locally competing hospitals offer have all contributed to five consecutive negative operating margins for EMC. (Harris, Vogt, & Gilinsky, 2004). Strategic Options Strategic issues are those events that affect an organization and its position within its environment. In the case of EMC the President and CEO, Robert Moen will need to discuss the options available to the hospital with other leaders through strategic planning. This is a process of developing steps for an organization to accomplish its mission and vision through strategic strategies. To make this process a success analyzing and understanding the situation is done by performing an external and internal environmental analysis along with refining the organizations’ directional strategies. In the end, EMC has five possible strategic options including, merging the hospital, selling the hospital, closing the ED, closing the hospital, or doing nothing and trying to...
Words: 3595 - Pages: 15
...Nightingale Executive Summary Western Governor’s University Nightingale Executive Summary Nightingale Community Hospital is a 180 bed hospital that provides acute care and a range of services to their community. Nightingale has four core values that consist of safety, community, teamwork, and accountability. Communication is a key concept in achieving and defining those values. According to the National Patient Safety Goal Data in regards to communication for Nightingale Community Hospital there is not consistency and goals are not being met for the following: reporting critical results within 60 minutes as evidenced by documentation, verbal orders/read-backs, unacceptable abbreviations, and time out hospital wide. Critical Results Within 60 Minutes Nightingale Hospital has showed variations in compliance with reporting critical results within 60 minutes for the months of January through December. Compliance went from 63% in January to 80% in December. In between this time there have been significant variances. As noted there from the data there was only 56% and 57% compliance for the months of June and July. Reporting of Critical Results with 60 minutes should be at 100% compliance. Verbal Orders/Read-Backs The ED met 100% compliance with verbal order/read-back audits for the fiscal year to date. Ortho is at 62% compliance. The other departments at Nightingale Hospital are ranging from 91% to 99%. For JCAHO standards the departments should be at 100%. ...
Words: 6555 - Pages: 27
...Table of Contents Introduction Page 3 Risk Scenario Related to Patient Care and Safety Page 5 Risk Scenario Related to the Physical Plant Page 9 Risk Scenario Related to Staffing Page 13 Best Practices in 4 Hospitals Page 15 Tenet Healthcare Page 16 Cleveland Clinic Stroke Improvement Plan Page 17 Conclusion Page 18 References Page 19 Introduction The issue of risk scenario carries immense importance for most of the hospitals that are part of the healthcare setting. However, there is not only one scenario that can affect the hospitals but there are several scenarios that can create an impact on the functions of the hospital. There are three scenarios that would be highlighted in the current topic. These three scenarios have a tendency to put a hospital at risk for financial stability. The first scenario that can produce a negative impact on the hospital risk is related to patient care and safety. The second scenario is related to the physical plant. The third and last scenario is related to staffing. The role of HIM practitioner in this regard would be very important. They would serve as a clinical quality assessment resource and as a team member to perform their tasks related to healthcare work. Therefore, all the issues related to three scenarios will be discussed in detail. The impetus for quality improvement has been driven in recent years by three main factors: 1. The amount of money that the US spends on healthcare per capita and as...
Words: 4236 - Pages: 17
...Toronto, November 2006. A version of this paper is forthcoming as a chapter in Exploring Social Insurance: Can a Dose of Europe Cure Canadian Health Care Finance? Edited by C. M. Flood, M. Stabile and C. Hughes Tuohy (Kingston, Montreal: Queen's School of Policy Studies, McGill-Queen's University Press). The views expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peerreviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies official NBER publications. © 2008 by Sherry A. Glied. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including © notice, is given to the source. Health Care Financing, Efficiency, and Equity Sherry A. Glied NBER Working Paper No. 13881 March 2008 JEL No. H42,H51,I18 ABSTRACT This paper examines the efficiency and equity implications of alternative health care system financing strategies. Using data across the OECD, I find that almost all financing choices are compatible with efficiency in the delivery of health care, and that there has been no consistent and systematic relationship between financing and cost containment. Using data on expenditures and life expectancy by income quintile from the Canadian health care system, I find that universal, publicly-funded...
Words: 8614 - Pages: 35
...Group # 5, Mgt 33- C Members: Dolor, Monica Doria, Don Jovie Nathaniel Flordeliz, Mary Josette Gaitera, Hannah Jhania Submitted to: Mr. Leonidas Cañete I. Strategic Compensation Definitions: Compensation – what employees receive in exchange for their work Strategic Compensation – involves compensation practices being aligned with the achievement of the organization's strategic business objectives Pay for performance – pay system that rewards employees on the basis of their performance Compensation Philosophy A formal compensation policy should: * Reflect the organization’s strategic business objectives and culture * Articulate the objectives that an organization wants to achieve via its compensation programs * Be communicated to all employees * Be perceived as fair and equitable * Provide the foundation for designing and implementing compensation and benefits programs Remuneration Policy: * The Committee recognizes that the Group operates in a global environment and that its performance depends on the quality of its people. To Prosper, the Group must be able to attract, motivate and retain highly skilled executives willing to work around the world. Key principles: * Competitive rewards are provided to attract and retain executive talent on a global basis * Demanding key performance indicators apply to delivering results across the Group and are applied to a significant portion of the total reward * Rewards to executives are...
Words: 2521 - Pages: 11
...Loyola University Chicago’s Quinlan School of Business MBA in Healthcare Management program. He may be reached at dmoreno1@gmail.com. Hospitals have been looking for ways to improve quality and operational efficiency and cut costs for nearly three decades, using a variety of quality improvement strategies. However, based on recent reports, approximately 200,000 Americans die from preventable medical errors including facility-acquired conditions and millions may experience errors. In 2008, medical errors cost the United States $19.5 billion. About 87 percent or $17 billion were directly associated with additional medical cost, including: ancillary services, prescription drug services, and inpatient and outpatient care, according to a study sponsored by the Society for Actuaries and conducted by Milliman in 2010. Additional costs of $1.4 billion were attributed to increased mortality...
Words: 6247 - Pages: 25
...Student at a Time Disclaimer Academic programmes, requirements, courses, tuition, and fee schedules listed in this catalogue are subject to change at any time at the discretion of the Management and Board of Trustees of the College of Science, Technology and Applied Arts of Trinidad and Tobago (COSTAATT). The COSTAATT Catalogue is the authoritative source for information on the College’s policies, programmes and services. Programme information in this catalogue is effective from September 2010. Students who commenced studies at the College prior to this date, are to be guided by programme requirements as stipulated by the relevant department. Updates on the schedule of classes and changes in academic policies, degree requirements, fees, new course offerings, and other information will be issued by the Office of the Registrar. Students are advised to consult with their departmental academic advisors at least once per semester, regarding their course of study. The policies, rules and regulations of the College are informed by the laws of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. iii Table of Contents PG 9 PG 9 PG 10 PG 11 PG 11 PG 12 PG 12 PG 13 PG 14 PG 14 PG 14 PG 14 PG 15 PG 17 PG 18 PG 20 PG 20 PG 20 PG 21 PG 22 PG 22 PG 22 PG 23 PG 23 PG 23 PG 23 PG 24 PG 24 PG 24 PG 24 PG 25 PG 25 PG 25 PG 26 PG 26 PG 26 PG 26 PG 26 PG 26 PG 27 PG 27 PG 27 PG 27 PG 27 PG 27 PG 28 PG 28 PG 28 PG 28 PG 28 PG 33 PG 37 Vision Mission President’s Welcome Institutional Profile Management Structure...
Words: 108220 - Pages: 433
...THE AUSTRALIAN HEALTH CARE SYSTEM: THE POTENTIAL FOR EFFICIENCY GAINS A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE Background paper prepared for the National Health and Hospitals Reform Commission June 2009 This paper was prepared at the Commission’s request by staff of the secretariat to the Commission. The lead author was Emily Hurley. Ian McRae Ian Bigg Liz Stackhouse Anne-Marie Boxall and Peter Broadhead provided some input and commented on drafts. This is a paper prepared as background for the NHHRC. The views and findings expressed in it should not be taken to be the views of the NHHRC or of the Australian Government. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ....................................................................................................4 International overview of efficiency .............................................................4 Health status – due to more than the health care system ............................7 An Australian focus ......................................................................................8 Summary ......................................................................................................8 A framework for efficiency............................................................................9 Operational Efficiency .................................................................................10 Health sub-sectors .....................................................................................11 Hospitals...........
Words: 27141 - Pages: 109
...|The Case For Single Payer, Universal Health Care For The United States | | | | | | | | | |Nicole Jones | |April 2011 | |HS 544 Health Policy and Economics | |Fowler | | | Table Of Contents Page Section 1: Executive Summary …………………………………………….. 3 Section 2: Introduction …………………………………………….. 4 Section 3: Literature Review ……………………………………………… 5 Section 4: Problem Analysis ……………………………………………… 10 Section 5: Solutions and Implementations ………………………………………… 17 Section 6: Justification ……………………………………………… 18 Section 7: References ……………………………………………… 20 Executive Summary Almost four decades ago, Canada and the United States had very similar health care systems. Today, they are very different. The...
Words: 5173 - Pages: 21
...POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION: LITERATURE REVIEW OF RISK FACTORS AND INTERVENTIONS Donna E. Stewart, MD, FRCPC E. Robertson, M.Phil, PhD Cindy-Lee Dennis, RN, PhD Sherry L. Grace, MA, PhD Tamara Wallington, MA, MD, FRCPC ©University Health Network Women’s Health Program 2003 Prepared for: Toronto Public Health October 2003 Women’s Health Program Financial assistance by Health Canada Toronto Public Health Advisory Committee: Jan Fordham, Manager, Planning & Policy – Family Health Juanita Hogg-Devine, Family Health Manager Tobie Mathew, Health Promotion Consultant – Early Child Development Project Karen Wade, Clinical Nurse Specialist, Planning & Policy – Family Health Mary Lou Walker, Family Health Manager Karen Whitworth, Mental Health Manager Copyright: Copyright of this document is owned by University Health Network Women’s Health Program. The document has been reproduced for purposes of disseminating information to health and social service providers, as well as for teaching purposes. Citation: The following citation should be used when referring to the entire document. Specific chapter citations are noted at the beginning of each chapter. Stewart, D.E., Robertson, E., Dennis, C-L., Grace, S.L., & Wallington, T. (2003). Postpartum depression: Literature review of risk factors and interventions. POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION: LITERATURE REVIEW OF RISK FACTORS AND INTERVENTIONS Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2 OVERALL METHODOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK 5 CHAPTER 1: RISK FACTORS FOR...
Words: 108533 - Pages: 435
...reperfusion. (Endoh, 1996: 110-15) It is therefore essential to restore cellular energy levels between retrieval and reimplantation for NHBD livers. Previous studies have shown that perfusion prior to harvesting of the NHBD liver can restore cellular energy levels before cold storage. Total body reperfusion with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) using autologous blood after 30 min without ventilation was shown to revive total adenosine 5' -triphosphate (ATP) content in porcine livers and kidneys", Conditioning the liver with 30 min of normothermic isolated perfusion in vivo, using whole blood, has been shown to increase mitochondrial ATP content after 10 min of circulatory arrest in the porcine model7. CPB for only 10 min after 30 min of arrest, at 37°C, provided functional recovery of the heart, liver and kidney in the canine models. In the porcine transplant model, CPB for systemic perfusion with cold, oxygenated Eurocollins solution restored tissue energy charge after 10 min ofarrest9. These livers were then cold-stored for 5 h and transplanted with a survival rate of 100 per cent in the perfused group, while there were no recipient survivors in the control group (no perfusion). The largest study utilizing preharvest perfusion to salvage NHBD livers in the transplant model comes from Barcelona (Tabet, 1997: 3482-3). In this study, pigs were assigned progressive circulatory...
Words: 3584 - Pages: 15
...Inter-American Development Bank Social Protection and Health Division (SCL/SPH) TECHNICAL NOTE Quality Improvement of Health Care in Belize: Focusing on Results Ian Mac Arthur Jennifer Nelson Martha Woodye No. IDB-TN-661 May 2014 Quality Improvement of Health Care in Belize: Focusing on Results Ian Mac Arthur Jennifer Nelson Martha Woodye Inter-American Development Bank 2014 Cataloging-in-Publication data provided by the Inter-American Development Bank Felipe Herrera Library Mac Arthur, Ian. Quality improvement of health care in Belize: focusing on results / Ian Mac Arthur, Jennifer Nelson, Martha Woodye. p. cm. — (IDB Technical Note ; 661) Includes bibliographic references. 1. Health services administration—Belize. 2. Public health administration—Belize. I. Nelson, Jennifer. II. Woodye, Martha. III. Inter-American Development Bank. Social Protection and Health Division. IV. Title. V. Series. IDB-TN-661 http://www.iadb.org The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Inter-American Development Bank, its Board of Directors, or the countries they represent. The unauthorized commercial use of Bank documents is prohibited and may be punishable under the Bank's policies and/or applicable laws. Copyright © 2014 Inter-American Development Bank. All rights reserved; may be freely reproduced for any non-commercial purpose. Ian Mac Arthur, ianm@iadb.org Quality Improvement of Health Care in Belize:...
Words: 14059 - Pages: 57
...past (few/number N) old spent working take thing whole (do the) right real (do the) wrong child only expecting government coalition interim elected part take (N) play (the/a) integral large major essential small 9 4 10 11 5 12 6 List of frequent collocations María Moreno Jaén vital form significant full 13 parts spare component constituent played separate life real family everyday whole private normal live saved personal public early spent daily lead made put take clear strong extreme 17 cases severe court extreme serious criminal injury woman beautiful attractive pretty tall (good) looking work hard do started voluntary charity carried (out) find paid major community system welfare group small ethnic (minority N) largest formed minority leading single research number large small increasing 14 18 19 15 lives save past live lost private claimed (a number of) risk lead cost daily spend everyday separate ordinary normal case court present particular (a N) adjourned prosecution 20 21 16 22 2 List of frequent collocations María Moreno Jaén growing limited total increased significant greater reduce considerable substantial high 23 world real whole modern developing area particular play surrounding residential wide central major course (in) due training main designed first take completed ordinary followed full start company owned problem solve real major serious big...
Words: 4195 - Pages: 17
