...Chapter 1 Nursing Images throughout History 1) The angle of mercy 2) The handmaiden 3) The battle-ax 4) The naughty nurse 5) The military image A. Nurses on the battlefield * Hospitalers – specialized soldiers who at the end of battle returned to the outposts to care for the sick and injured * Army nursing service – organize nurses and hospitals and coordinate supplies for the soldiers during the Civil War * Clara Barton a. Provided care in tents set up close to the fighting b. Did not discriminate c. Establishment of the American Red Cross * Harriet Tubman – helped slaves escape to freedom on the underground railroad * Walt Whitman – a poet * Louisa May Alcott – an author * Dorothea Dix – union’s superintendent of female nurses during the Civil War B. Nurses fighting diseases * Florence Nightingale d. Epidemiology – the study of the distribution and origins of disease e. Air, light, nutrition, and adequate ventilation and space assist the patient to recuperate * Lillian Wald & Mary Brewster f. Founded the Henry Street Settlement in NY to improve the health and social conditions of poor immigrants g. Improve health and prevent illness by promoting safe drinking water, adequate sewage facilities, and proper sanitation Florence Nightingale (1820-1910) ...
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...Final Review of Fundamental Patterns of Knowing in Nursing Knowing how to act in any given situation is important in a professional nurse. Carper (1978) stated that knowing in the nursing profession are divided into four ways that might be applied to any given situation. The patterns of knowing involve of empiric, esthetics, personal knowledge and ethics (Carper, 1978). This paper explores the relationship between each pattern of knowing, Carper’s conclusions and the impact in the future nursing career. Summary Empirics First, the empirics involves the science of nursing (Carper, 1978). The science of nursing is applied in nursing education. It involve knowledge about the interpretation of the law, the description of theories and it can...
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...Nursing Fundamentals Case Study - Nutrition You are the nurse in an outpatient clinic. Your client is Amy, a 16-year old admitted with acute tonsillitis and pharyngitis. Amy is 5 feet 4 inches tall and weighs 110 lbs. Amy recently decided to become a vegetarian. She is turned off by the sight of beef or other meats. Her main diet is chips, soda, and cheese pizza but she said that she is tired of it and hasn't eaten well lately because of a sore throat. Amy's hemoglobin (Hgb) level is 10.1 g/dl. Normal Hgb for a female is 12-16 g/dl. Her albumin level is 3.2 g/dl. Normal is 3.5-5.0 g/dl. 1. Calculate Amy's weight based on Rule of 5 for females or BMI (Body Mass Index). Is she underweight or overweight? -Amy’s BMI is 18.9; therefore, she is at a normal and healthy weight. 2. What may be appropriate Nursing Diagnoses? -Imbalanced Nutrition: Less Than Body Requirements. -Deficient Knowledge of Adequate Nutrition Intake. 3. What are the recommended servings for each of the following according to the Food Pyramid? o Bread and Cereal Group: 6 -8 servings per day. o Fruit Group: 4-5 servings per day. o Vegetable Group: 4-5 servings per day. o Milk, Yogurt and Cheese Group: 2-3 servings per day. o Meat, Beans, Eggs, and Nuts Group: Less than 6 oz. per day and 4-5 servings of nuts per week. o Fats, Oils, and Sweets: 2-3 servings per day of fats and oils and 5 or fewer servings of sweets per week. 4. What nutrients are especially important for adolescents...
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...Running head: NURSING 1 What is Nursing? Shakira Rideout Keyano College NURSING 2 What is Nursing? In this paper I will identify the fundamental concepts of nursing. In addition, I will recognize how nursing is based on the principles of Primary Health Care (PHC). Further, how the history of nursing has formed nursing today and what it means to be a professional in nursing by incorporating the code of ethics. Fundamentals of Nursing Nursing is a profession that centers on the caring for individuals, as a client, as a family, as a group and as a community so they can achieve, maintain or recover optimal health and quality of life (Burger & Goddard, 2010). I believe that the nursing role is to educate clients by the protection and promotion of general health which is congruent to The American Nurses Association (2007) which defines nursing as; the protection, promotion and optimization of health, prevention of illness, lessening of suffering through diagnoses and treatment and advocating client care for individuals, families, groups and communities (American Nurses Association, 2007). The nursing profession utilizes a system that increases client knowledge about factors that can contribute to overall health and the resources that can increase wellbeing; this is called the Nursing Process. This process is a technique used to assess and diagnose needs, plan and implement interventions, and evaluate the outcomes...
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...the four patterns of knowing fundamental to the professional nurse? Unlike many other professions, the nursing profession has many distinct and unique components. Nurses’ knowledge is acquired from many different sources and life experiences. Although hands on clinical skills are necessary, these skills are not usable alone. The ways of knowing is much more than the educational components of a college degree and licensure. Barbara Carper established four patterns of knowing which are needed in order to learn and apply nursing knowledge. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the four patterns of knowing, describe its relation to professional nursing and reflect upon these patterns in personal practice. Barbara Carper was a nurse pioneer who developed the four fundamental patterns of knowing in nursing. According to Carper (1978), “Understanding these patterns is essential for the teaching and learning of nursing” (P. 13). Carper identified four fundamental patterns of knowing which she classified as empirical, esthetic, personal and ethical. Carper (1978) states “The four patterns are distinguished according to logical type of meaning and designed as: (1) empirics, the science of nursing; (2) esthetics, the art of nursing; (3) the components of personal knowledge in nursing; and (4) ethics, the component of moral knowledge in nursing” (P. 14). Nursing knowledge goes beyond factual information. According to Peplau (1988) the art of nursing was previously limited to bathing...
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...correctly attacking how the exams were fashioned. In other words, it is building strategy over defeat. Is nursing your first choice? Why? Answer: No. Political Science was at the top of my choices, Nursing came second. But after overthinking and analysing things, and with the influence of my parents, I took the latter. Personally, I have thought of being practical, that is, landing myself in a job with good pay after taking and passing the exam. On the exam, what area do you think you’re strong and weak? Answer: Strengths: Community Health Nursing, Medical-Surgical Nursing & Psychiatric Nursing • Basically, CHN is a favourite of mine. Having been exposed in the community, the illnesses that are rampant and how the people cope, I find it very interesting. • Medical-Surgical Nursing too, is of high regard. Just knowing the different kinds of diseases, pathophysiology and the nursing care rendered, the subject becomes very overwhelming, and at the same time augments my learning in the process. • Psychiatric Nursing is precious because the subject is very complex. I deem to see how human beings are dynamic and complicated altogether. Although this subject is quite unfathomable, especially that it concerns the brain, as a human, it sparks incredible fascination. Weaknesses: Fundamentals of Nursing, Maternal...
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...Community Based Nursing Community health nursing is defined as a synthesis of nursing and public health practice applied to promoting and preserving the health of populations, according to the ANA in 2000. As an R.N. in the ICU hospital setting, I have not come across the terms community based nursing and public health nursing often. Community health nursing is a synthesis of nursing practice and public health practice applied in promoting and preserving the health of populations. Since Community health nursing promotes self care of the individual, I have not experienced this type of nursing in my present position. As far as distinguishing between public health nursing, community health nursing, and community based nursing, they are different in many ways. Public health nursing has a broader base of practice, caring for the entire community, where community nursing has a more specific group or section of the society. When comparing the nursing code of ethics of different types of nursing, I find that there is no difference. Nurses have four fundamental responsibilities to promote health, to prevent illness, to restore health and alleviate suffering. Since all nurses should adhere to these four fundamental responsibilities, there should not be more than one code of ethics for nurses. Whether a nurse renders health services to individuals, family, or the community, there should be a consistency in ethics and integrity. The role of the public health nurse as defined in a job description...
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...in nursing or are enrolled in a program in pursuit of a bachelor degree. Registered nurses are required to function with more independence in bedside care, delegation and supervision to unlicensed assistive personnel, and patient education. Passing the NCLEX-RN examination does not guarantee that all graduate entry-level nurses are prepared to practice nursing in hospitals. This examination does not differentiate between an associate degree program and baccalaureate program. The focus in this paper will be between the difference in education between the associate degree in nursing (ADN) and the baccalaureate degree in nursing (BSN) ADN versus BSN Education Currently there are not enough students that have completed the BSN programs to fill the needs of the shortage of nurses in the nation. ADN programs are a length of two years compared to a BSN program which is 4 years. ADN programs have been active because there is either no waiting to get in the program or a minimal amount of time compared to BSN programs which can take two to three years to enter in the nursing program. This paper will show the differences in the competencies of an ADN and BSN program. Associate Degree Education The associate degree education program includes the study of the physiological and psychosocial sciences as well as the nursing applications. Nursing fundamentals, maternal and child care, and physical and mental illness, with a primary focus on fundamentals and...
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...Ethical and Legal Aspects of Nursing Nursing is an ever-changing profession that responds to diverse and complex issues of health maintenance, protection of patient safety, human rights, and dignity. Professional nurses are in a unique position as patient advocates, regardless of practice setting. Nurse’s face inherent ethical decisions making, and they are frequently involved in the ethical decisions both personally and professionally when ethical reason both for and against the choice are both equally desirable (Pierce, 1997). The ANA Code of Ethics with Interpretive Statements offers a statement for every professional nurse’s ethical obligations and duties, ethical standard, and commitment to society (ANA, 2001). Nurse must continuously meet standards of care and the ANA Code of Ethics and uphold fundamental legalities. Taking a closer look into the nurses ethical responsibility and fundamental legalities associated with direct patient care and as it would apply in the case study case study of patient Marianne, a 79 year-old female, who is admitted to the emergency department with hemorrhagic stroke, a grave prognosis of recovery and no advance directive. This paper will discuss legal responsibilities of the registered nurse as witness in a malpractice case of a nurse colleague found negligent in following standards of nursing practice. “The nurse’s primary commitment is to the patient who is the recipient of nursing care,” (Rushton, Dixon, & Wavra, 2005, p. 6). This...
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...Patient Safety in a Home Care setting 1 Kimberly Casimier Chamberlain College of Nursing Instructor: Pamela Morgan September 27,2014 Patient Safety in a Home Care setting 2 Introduction Thousands of deaths are caused and could have been prevented if patient safety measures would have been taken. It is very important improve patient safety compliance to prevent things like surgeries being done on the wrong site, medication errors, health care acquired infections, falls, and diagnostic errors. Patient safety not only takes place in the hospital, doctors office, and rehab/nursing home facilities, but it also takes place in the home care setting. The Speak Up home care brochure is geared to inform that patient on what to speak up about in the home care setting and if the patient speaks up and the nurse of healthcare worker complies, more errors can be prevented. The home care brochure really gives that patient many options of questions to ask the nurse or healthcare working during their home care. It empowers that patient and hopefully helps them know what they are entitled to as a patient as far as home care, questions they should ask if they are concerned and for information purposes, and I hopefully helps the patient to not be...
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...Implementing ethico-legal issues in nursing practice. Caldwell, E., Lu, H., & Harding, T. (2010). Encompassing multiple moral paradigms: a challenge for nursing educators. Nursing Ethics 17(2), 189-199. Retrieved August3, 2010, from Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition Database. Aim: As society becomes increasingly globalised, it is imperative to include international educational perspectives in the nursing profession (Robinson, Sportsman, Eschiti, Bradshaw and Bol, (2006). Caldwell, Lu & Harding (2010) argue that the quality of nursing care necessitates nurses to reflect on nursing ethics in relation to their individual principled way of life. Cadwell, Lu & Harding (2010) paper explores these ideas. Summary: The fundamental nature of professional development implies personal development (Glen, 2005). ‘Encompassing multiple moral paradigms: a challenge for nursing educators’, is an in-depth analysis of nursing ethical dilemmas; the efforts that are undertaken to implement professional development through reflection, self-monitoring and self-control; and the challenges for nurse educators to integrate the syllabus into real-life clinical practice situations. Caldwell, Lu & Harding (2010) study analyses nursing ethics, Chinese ethical philosophies, and Judeo/Christian traditions as they endeavour to demonstrate the real-life issues of morally conflicting situations in nursing practice within these groups and the possible legal consequences. Relevant to topic yes/no...
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...profession is fundamental in defining the value of the profession to society. This is especially true given that the individual rights remain a potential risk to the rights of others in society, hence the need for imposing responsibilities on individual rights (Brous, 2010). The purpose of this paper is to identify and examine the regulations for a Registered Nurse (RN) licensure and the mandatory continuing education required by the state of Texas, the impact of the American Nurses Associations (ANA), and the legislation on nursing and health care practice in Texas. Scope of Practice Texas State Board of Nursing defines Registered Nurses scope of practice as a professional who stands in for the patients, and families, by ensuring that all his/her practices are abiding by the Nurse Practice Act (NPA) and the Board of Nursing (BON) rules and regulations. To achieve this, the RN is bound by professional standards to plan and perform nursing care based on their areas of professional specialty. The RN portrays an understanding of the biological, physical, and social science principles obtained while in professional nursing school (Texas Board of Nursing [BON], 2011). This is visible as one is able to integrate the academic knowledge and skills in the way of his/her planning and delivery of nursing care in a more professional way. The scope of practice by the RN is defined by elements such as: the level of education, the level and influence of engagement in the nursing process...
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...and ethical principles (Fry & Johnstone, 2002). Tesfamicael GhebrehiwetThe nursing profession uses regulatory mechanisms, codes of ethics and other means to ensure ethical behavior. For example, The ICN Code of Ethics for Nurses asserts, “Inherent in nursing is respect for human rights, including the right to life, to dignity and to be treated with respect” (ICN, 2000, p. 2). To locate ethical issues within the context of nursing, it is vital to understand the International Council of Nurses (ICN) definition of nursing itself: “Nursing encompasses autonomous and collaborative care of individuals of all ages, families, groups and communities, sick or well and in all settings. Nursing includes the promotion of health, prevention of illness, and the care of ill, disabled, and dying people. Advocacy, promotion of a safe environment, research, participating in shaping health policy and in patient and health systems management, and education are also key nursing roles” (ICN, 2005). This definition incorporates the three components of bioethics as outlined by Fry and Johnstone (2002), including norms of nursing practice, expansion of knowledge, and advocacy or policy development. It follows that nurses must develop a thorough knowledge of ethical issues, policies and procedures related to the protection of people as part of their responsibility as professional nurses. Ethics and nursing responsibilities As medical and scientific technology advance, individuals and society...
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...PHILIOSPHY OF NURSING This philosophy of nursing is assimilation of the author’s beliefs in regards of the metaparadigm through experience and understanding of knowledge. The author looks at the fundamental level, a theory which encompasses all or most theories. Attempts to view the theory as an interplay of energy, while looking at it in an atomic level. With the patient being the nucleus the primary structure and concentration of high energy while health and environment as different valence rings each holding electrons which are constantly moving in all possible directions all while orbiting around the nucleus. The space between the nucleus and the valence rings is nursing the spatial potential energy which unites the structure creating larger matter and ultimately the final product, the present material world (Seagar & Slabaugh, 2010). At the base of all matter is consciousness (Garon, 2011), therefore the universal fabric is conscious. A philosophy of nursing should be derived from laws that governing the universe and that is what the author attempts to do. Human Beings Human beings as defined by the writer are closely related to the understanding of human beings derived from humanistic nursing theorist specifically Martha E Rogers and Margaret Neumann. These theorist understood that human beings at a fundamental level are more than their biological makeup, they are consciousness. Sentient beings, or energy fields that are made up of patterns, holographic patterns...
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...nurse A was very friendly and warm. She projected on whatever I have studied and let me experienced it in real life. For me it was like all the theory in the book has suddenly come alive I observed on some clinical nursing role carried by nurse A, just as I read on Kozier and Erb’s Fundamental of Nursing by Berman et al. (2012), where they identified the roles and function of the nurse. Nurse A showed she care for her patients, not only physically, but also psychologically. I could see that she really pay attention to details about her patients’ medication and listened to her patients for their needs and what they feel. I also observed on her communication skill, where she performed good communication and interaction skill with all of her patients and acted like a teacher to help the patients to acknowledge about their health and the health procedure that the patients must be aware of (Berman et al., 2012). It has come to my awareness as well on how important is the communication skill with the patient as the high-level communication between a nurse and the patient help to conducts the nursing process (Zacharova & Gulasova, 2011) and enhance the delivery of quality nursing care (McCabe, 2003). Additionally, I developed a clear understanding in the nursing communication skill, not only with the patient, but also with other staff members. I observed that Nurse A conducted an effective communication skill with the other nurses in...
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