...Abstract Gatorade is an international sports energy drink brand owned by PepsiCo that was founded in Florida. The company has researched new innovative ways to promote hydration and nutrition among athletes across the globe. Gatorade was founded by Dr. Robert Cade and Dr. Dana Shires in 1965 and has been a leader in the sports energy drink industry with a significant amount of market share. Currently, Gatorade is the official sports drink of the NFL, NBA, PGA, and many other athletic organizations. As the first mover in the sports energy drink market, Gatorade has set itself apart from rivals like PowerAde and Vitamin Water by creating value for customers by establishing business relationships, conducting scientific research, and product innovation. The Gatorade Company is part of QTG (Quaker, Tropicana, Gatorade) and has been a subdivision of PepsiCo since 1998. When Quaker Oats acquired the company in 1983, it was the largest energy drink company in the world with market share of 97% (Rovell, 2006). The company’s product line focuses on rehydration, recovery, energy, and sports performance. Gatorade is considered an innovative product as it was the first mover in the sports energy drink market. Prior to Gatorade entering this market, water was the only other source for hydration among athletes. This paper will analyze how Gatorade aims to achieve the five elements of strategy by focusing on product, place, and promotion. Gatorade was founded by Dr. Robert Cade and Dr....
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...Protection of Human Life in Law and Public Policy: Research Paper Topic Issue Statement: What are the moral, ethical, and legal implications associated with end of life care for individuals suffering from Alzheimer’s and other forms of dementia? Sources: I will use a variety of articles, case law, and relevant statutes and regulations that deal specifically with end-of-life care. Sources I have already located: * Late stage and end-of-life care: Caregiving in the Final Stages of Life * http://www.helpguide.org/elder/alzheimers_disease_dementia_caring_final_stage.htm * A Christian Response to “End-of-Life” Decisions By Bert Thompson, Ph.D and Brad Harrub, Ph.D * http://www.apologeticspress.org/apcontent.aspx?category=7&article=58 * Decision Making at the end of life: Patients with Alzheimer’s or other dementias * http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/ref/collection/uspace/id/3461 * Ethics Conflicts in Rural Communities: End-of-Life decision-making * Taken from the Handbook for Rural Health Care Ethics: A Practical Guide for Professionals (PDF Download) * The Euthanasia Debate: Understanding the Issues * From the Christian Research Journal * Euthanasia Arguments-Christian Research Institute * http://www.equip.org/articles/euthanasia-arguments/ * Views on Euthanasia * http://www.equip.org/articles/views-on-euthanasia/ * Active and passive euthanasia * http://www.bbc.co.uk/ethics/euthanasia/overview/activepassive_1...
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...BASIC NUTRITION 7 2.1.1: Importance of nutrition 7 2.1.2:Pre-game meal 8 2.1.3:Post-game meal 9 2.2: ATHLETE KNOWLEDGE OF NUTRITION AND BEHAVIOUR 9 2.3: RElATIONSHIP BETWEEN NUTRITION AND SPORTS PERFOMANCE 10 2.4: CONCLUSION 11 CHAPTER THREE 12 METHODOLOGY 12 3.0: STUDY OCATION 12 3.1: RESEARCH DESIGN 12 3.2: STUDY POPULATION 12 3.3: SAMPLING PROCEDURE 13 3.4: DATA COLLECTION 13 3.5: DATA ANALYSIS 13 TIME SCHEDULE: 14 BUDGET 15 REFERENCES 16 QUESTIONNAIRE 17 DIETARY HABITS AND NUTRITIONAL KNOWLEDGE OF COLLEGE ATHLETES IN TECHNICAL UNIVERSIRY OF KENYA NAIROBI INTRODUCTION: Too often, student athletes are left with very little time to meet their nutritional needs. The athlete tends to grab the easiest on the go food for their meal; little do they know that this lack of nutritious food can affect their performance. Student athletes need regular well balanced meals and snacks to maintain the high energy demands of training, competition and the rigor of an academic program (Ziegler et al 2005) showed how the increased competitiveness of the sport raises concerns about the health of these athletes .For example nutrient intake was found to possibly be influenced by factors like; lack of time, hectic training schedule and increased emphasis on physical features, such as leanness of and body image. An increased interest and availability of nutritional information seems to be on the rise ,however, it’s unclear if athletes are more knowledgeable about the role of nutrition on athletic...
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...Its name was derived from the collective nickname of the university's athletic teams, "the Gators". Gatorade has been an admired brand of beverage in the United States and the main thing that has worked for the brand is the advertising strategy, which involves popular sports stars and clubs associated with the brand. We intend to present the positioning of Gatorade, to understand the various strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the brand in the Indian context and to study a few hypotheses surrounding Brand Gatorade with the Indian consumer in mind. INTRODUCTION PURPOSE & OBJECTIVES Gatorade has been a 45-year-old brand and has been a leading sports drink ever since its inception in 1965. It was formulated to aid hydration in athletes and as replenishment for body fluids lost during physical exertion that is caused by sports....
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...TENNIS RECOVERY A Comprehensive Review of the Research Editors: Mark S. Kovacs, PhD Todd S. Ellenbecker, DPT W. Ben Kibler, MD A United States Tennis Association Sport Science Committee Project Tennis Recovery: A Comprehensive Review of the Research Copyright © 2010 United States Tennis Association Inc. ISBN 978-0-692-00528-6 Editors: Mark S. Kovacs, Todd S. Ellenbecker, W. Ben Kibler TENNIS RECOVERY A Comprehensive Review of the Research A United States Tennis Association Sport Science Committee Project Editors: Mark S. Kovacs, PhD Todd S. Ellenbecker, DPT W. Ben Kibler, MD Introduction In the last two decades, physical training and competitive opportunities have increased dramatically in junior, collegiate and professional tennis. This arose due to a multitude of factors, but much of it has stemmed from an increase in knowledge and understanding of scientifically based training programs focused on improving performance. As this focus on performance has increased, the area of recovery has received relatively limited focus. Recovery is a multi-faceted paradigm focusing on recovery from training—session to session, day to day and week to week. Recovery is also vitally important during training as well as in competition between matches and between days during multi-day tournaments. As more information is needed in the area of tennis specific recovery, the Sport Science Committee of the United States Tennis Association (USTA) sponsored an extensive evidence-based...
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...Dietary Protein Increase and the Promotion of Wound Healing in Diabetic Adult Patients Dietary Protein Increase and the Promotion of Wound Healing in Diabetic Adult Patients Introduction There are approximately 23 million people diagnosed with diabetes in the U.S. (American Diabetes Association, 2012) and this population continues to grow. There are multiple complications associated with diabetes. One major and expensive complication is diabetic wounds. The cost of care in the U.S. alone for this population is approximately $245 Billion annually. (American Diabetes Association, 2012) Proper wound care is an essential step in the wound healing process, however,wound care alone is not sufficient. Nutritional status is extremely important in wound healing. Diabetic patients need to be educated and assessed for protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) as the body’s nutritional needs significantly increase during the wound healing process (Demling, 2009). Supplementation (especially protein) and the importance of it for wound healing need to be discussed with the patient. Without all the necessary interventions applied the process of wound healing can be lengthy and may lead to infection, excessive hospitalization and potential amputations. Understanding the body’s nutritional needs and how the body uses protein in the repair process is imperative. The recommendation for the amount of protein supplementation is between 0.8grams/kilogram to 1.2 grams/kilogram and is based on patient...
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...the soul with such force it leaves one drained and exhausted. This would be a very difficult roller coaster of emotions for anyone, but multiply that times three or four days per week for many years. It is no surprise that health care workers are extremely susceptible to emotional and physical fatigue, also known as compassion fatigue. Compassion fatigue is that fatigue brought on by giving so much of one’s self for an extended period of time without taking time to revive or replenish one’s own physical, emotional and spiritual needs. This paper will explore the nature and causes of five major concepts of compassion fatigue. It will also address the physical, emotional, and spiritual needs of the caregiver, giving examples of coping strategies and resources to be utilized by the nurse and/or caregiver. Concepts of Compassion Fatigue The five major concepts of compassion fatigue discussed in this paper are: 1. Physical Exhaustion 2. Emotional...
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...that ultimately dominates who we are and how we interact with the communities we live in. Accordingly, this essay examines the unavoidability of today’s “perfect” body advertising, the role materialism plays and the claim that thin does not guarantee sales; whilst considering to what extent mental health, personal health and happiness play in determining wellbeing, and then exploring the often overlooked effects body image has on a community’s wellbeing. Constant exposure to idealised media images is unavoidable; boys, girls, men and women alike are inundated with thousands of images, portraying (for most) desirable yet unattainable and unrealistic body and self, expectations and ideals (Dittmar and Howard 2004, 478). A selection of research suggests that it is not the advertisements themselves that pressure individuals; but rather, the individuals beliefs, values and ideals relating to their own appearance that impact on their body image and level of dissatisfaction; that advertising, even though relentless – only highlights an existing negative self assessment (Dittmar and Howard, 2004, 478 and...
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...which the infection develops (CDC, 2014). HCAP develops during or following a stay in a healthcare facility. In contrast, patients who are diagnosed with CAP have had no contact within a health care setting prior to presenting with the infection (Driver, 2012). Pneumonia may be present as a mild illness but has the potential to be life-threatening. Despite advances in research, pneumonia remains a common illness contributing to the death of young children in developing countries and the elderly population of developed countries throughout the world (Ruuskanen, et al., 2011). In 2010, approximately 50,000 people in the U.S. died after developing the infection (CDC, 2014). From a global perspective, 450 million cases of pneumonia are recorded annually and roughly 4 million of those diagnosed will die from this illness (Ruuskanen, et al., 2011). CAP is the eighth-leading cause of death within the U.S. and is the leading cause of death from infection in the developed world (Brown, et al., 2012). While anyone is susceptible to contracting it, certain risk factors increase the chances of developing the infection. Research confirms that pneumonia is more serious in younger and older populations; people with chronic health problems; and people who have weak immune systems (CDC, 2014). In the U.S., the population older than age 65 account for nearly two thirds of hospitalizations and 90 percent of deaths associated with...
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...Review Paper Inulin - a versatile polysaccharide with multiple pharmaceutical and food chemical uses. Thomas Barclaya, Milena Ginic-Markovica, Peter Cooperb,c, Nikolai Petrovskyc,d a Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia 5042 Cancer Research Laboratory, ANU Medical School at the Canberra Hospital, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia 2605 c Vaxine Pty Ltd, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide Australia 5042 d Department of Endocrinology, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia 5042 b Received: 27 August 2010 Accepted: 10 October 2010 ABSTRACT á-D-glucopyranosyl-[â-D-fructofuranosyl](n-1)-D-fructofuranoside, commonly referred to as inulin, is a natural plant-derived polysaccharide with a diverse range of food and pharmaceutical applications. It is used by the food industry as a soluble dietary fibre and fat or sugar replacement, and in the pharmaceutical industry as a stabiliser and excipient. It can also be used as a precursor in the synthesis of a wide range of compounds. New uses for inulin are constantly being discovered, with recent research into its use for slow-release drug delivery. Inulin, when in a particulate form, possesses anti-cancer and immune enhancing properties. Given its increasing importance to industry, this review explains how inulin's unique physico-chemical properties bestow it with many useful pharmaceutical applications. KEY WORDS: Inulin, polysaccharide, fructose, excipient, vaccine, adjuvant INTRODUCTION ...
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...EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE and ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE Introduction As defined in 2012 by the American Nurses Association, “nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations. “To deliver the best optimal treatment when performing their duties, nurses are taught to follow evidence-based practices (EBP). Following EBP when dealing with clients especially those affected by Alzheimer’s disease facilitates the nurse in performing his/her main responsibilities that include maintaining health promotion, risk reduction and disease management. Maintaining health promotion From Florence Nightingale era in the 19th century to today’s world, nursing has become a new field where it is just not described “as the action of putting the patient in the best condition for nature to act “(“Healing Environment,”2011). Nursing turned to an immense expertise where maintaining health promotion is a master key. Health promotion favors the enhancement of health and the setting up of plan for a healthy lifestyle and well-being (Potter and Perry, 2011). Examples of health promotion consist of encouraging immunizations and regular checkups. Risk reduction Many complications can be avoided by promoting risk...
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...controversial and by nature require careful examination of one’s own values and viewpoints. The purpose of this paper is to provide an analysis of voluntary or assisted euthanasia and the ethical implications it entails in relation to the profession of nursing. Nurses have the responsibility to act in their patient’s best interests. However, that may become difficult in the event that a patient asks for help in the task of ending his or her own life. There were two case scenarios provided for review concerning the topic of voluntary or assisted euthanasia. The common ethical implication among nurses involved in these particular cases seems to be the ambivalence they experience in relation to their level of involvement. Although nurses worldwide are confronted with euthanasia requests from patients, the views of nurses on their level of involvement in euthanasia remains unclear (Dierkx de Casterle, Verpoort, De Bal, & Gastmans, 2006). It stands to reason that palliative care nurses in particular, would have the highest frequency of experience with patients who are requesting assisted euthanasia. To develop clear guidelines on the role of nurses in euthanasia, it is essential to consider fully the viewpoint of palliative care nurses, given their daily interactions with dying patients and their expertise in palliative care (Dierkx de Casterle et al., p. 188). Research strongly suggests that being confronted with terminally ill patients ensures that one...
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...physical and social environments that promote foods high in fat and calories. Coincidently, promote environments with little or no physical activities. Even with these environments that contribute to bad nutrition and sedentary lifestyles, society still view obesity is as a personal responsibility. Nurses addressing the obesity epidemic require a shift from the norm of blaming individuals for the lack of will power to control their eating and physical activity but toward a healthy environment as a primary determinant. This paper addresses the obesity crisis from individual, family, local community and public policy perspectives and the nurses’ role to promote change, advocate for policy initiatives, and help reverse the obesity epidemic. This paper also addresses the nurse’s role in anticipating obesity related issues, such as, skin, pulmonary, intravenous access, and mobility. Challenges are considered and interventions to address these issues are presented. Nurses Addressing the Obesity Epidemic Obesity is a major concern for the healthcare professional because it has become an epidemic in the United States of America. More than two thirds of American adults are defined as obese (Roth & Schlenker, 2011). According to data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2009), 68% of U.S. adults ages 20 and older in 2007 and 2008 were...
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...Running Head: DNA Do Not Resuscitate Kimberly Johnson-Lockett HCA322: Health Care Ethics & Medical Law Instructor: Eugene Elliott March 4, 2014 Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) orders are medical directives to withhold efforts to revive a patient who has a cardiac or respiratory arrest (Lee, M. B., M.D. 2012). DNR laws started in the late 70s because of the extensive practice of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). An unending discussion about DNR has involved the level to which patients or their surrogate have to make the decision to agree to such orders. Throughout the late 70’s and early 80s, a lot hospitals normally made DNR orders that did not including an discussion with the patient or the patient's family. Also, a lot hospitals did not clearly document the DNR order in the patient's chart. This practices were forsaken as the bioethics drive and the courts stressed the right of patients or their surrogate decision makers to decline medical treatment. This also including life insufficient treatment for example CPR. Most of health care providers, health professional groups and indorsing bodies started to support DNR policies. The DNR policies require that the patient be informed of the risks and benefits of CPR and to give consent that CPR not be used. (Lee, M. B., M.D. 2012) DNR is reflect one of the ethical dilemma in current society that came from medical development, ethical dilemmas arise in the area of health care when health care providers is in a position...
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...J Indian Acad Forensic Med. April-June 2012, Vol. 34, No. 2 ISSN 0971-0973 Review Research Paper Euthanasia Revisited: The Aruna Shanbaug Verdict *Arsalaan. F. Rashid, **Balbir Kaur, ***O.P. Aggarwal Abstract Euthanasia and its procedure have long history of locking horns as a vexed issue with laws of countries across the world. Every human being of adult years and sound mind has a right to determine what shall be done with his/her own body. It is unlawful to administer treatment to an adult who is conscious and of sound mind, without his consent. In patients with Permanently Vegetative State (PVS) and no hope of improvement, the distinction between refusing life saving medical treatment (passive euthanasia) and giving lethal medication is logical, rational, and well established. It is ultimately for the Court to decide, as parens patriae, as to what is in the best interest of the patient. An erroneous decision not to terminate results in maintenance of the status quo; the possibility of subsequent developments such as advancements in medical science, the discovery of new evidence regarding the patient’s intent, changes in the law, or simply the unexpected death of the patient despite the administration of lifesustaining treatment, at least create the potential that a wrong decision will eventually be corrected or its impact mitigated. Key Words: Consent, Permanent Vegetative State, Passive Euthanasia, Parens patriae Introduction: Euthanasia is the intentional premature...
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