...Chapter 3 – Conceptual Design: An Overview of Methodologies, Models and Notations CHAPTER OBJECTIVES (YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO): 1. Define and describe a methodology. 2. Define and describe traditional, structured analysis & design, information modeling, and object-oriented methodology classifications. 3. Define and describe a Data Flow Diagram (DFD) and an Entity-Relationship Diagram (ERD). 4. Define and describe attributes, operations and relationships in an object-oriented methodology. 5. Define and describe the foundational characteristics of an object-oriented methodology. 6. Describe two classic information systems development challenges and their potential resolution. 7. Discuss Classification Theory and its relationship with object-oriented methodologies. 8. Describe Rational Corporation's Unified Software Development Process. 9. Define parallelism, substitution and omission. 10. Describe the Unified Modeling Language (UML) and describe Use Case, Class Diagram and Interaction Diagram. 11. Describe a simplistic object-oriented methodology for applying and using the UML. 12. Describe the foundational characteristics of the UML’s Class Diagram DESIGN A generic systems development life cycle (SDLC) was presented in an earlier chapter. You may recall that the purpose for this version of a SDLC was to give you a simplified way of sequentially studying the activities that are utilized to produce software-intensive information systems. In reality the SDLC...
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...WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF UML? UML, standing for Unified Modeling Language is a programming language that changed the world of modeling software overnight due to its developments in setting industry standards in the modeling of software programs holding intensive programming. The design standard mentioned was developed and created by the Object Management group and was standardized in 1997, which since that time has become the industry standard for software and modeling developments. Using UML in software developments is important when visualizing, creating, documenting modifications, and designing a process flow within software development down to a unified architectural level. This changed the force of programming because there was no single standard for object related programming in the object oriented design market and there were multiple standards across unified markets and geographical boundaries. WHY WAS UML PROGRAMMING DEVELOPED? UML was developed because organizations and developers of the time needed simple relationships between software models and a universal approach to development practices. The level of detail that was put into UML coding was much greater than its predecessors and allowed for a much higher level of architecture drawings than the previous various models. UML made it easy for new people joining an organization to have a clear and concrete understanding of what is being mapped out due to the fact that the modeling language used during the development...
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...Generic Exam: Object-Oriented Analysis and Design Time: 2.5 hours Marking: 100 marks, plus 10 marks for the bonus question. Purpose This purpose of this generic exam is to allow you to see what the real final exam will look like, and the relative weighting in terms of marks. The only significant difference between this generic exam and the final one is that the latter will include a specific case study. Exam Process This examination is composed of multiple sections. Each subsequent section relies upon standard solutions from the previous sections. You are required to submit your section answers—on completion—to the examination coordinator, and trade it for the standard solution. Use the provided standard solution as the basis for your subsequent work. On completion of the examination, hand in the entire set of standard solutions. Do not reveal or discuss the standard solutions, either during or after the examination. Marking ▪ Please note that the use case questions have the least marks, since they are relatively straightforward and not an object-oriented skill. In contrast, the questions on responsibility assignment, patterns, and design of collaborations have the most marks, since these are the most important object-oriented design skills. Evaluation Objectives ▪ Ability to identify primary use cases and record them in expanded, essential form. ▪ Ability to identify outstanding concepts, associations, and attributes and...
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...SUBDOMAIN 430.1 - INTRODUCTION TO PROGRAMMING Competency 430.1.2: Algorithm Design and Development - The graduate designs and develops algorithms for problem solving and implements those algorithms using appropriate program code. Competency 430.1.3: Use of Data Structures - The graduate develops working programs that use appropriate data structures for problem solving. Competency 430.1.4: Modeling Systems Using Unified Modeling Language (UML) - The graduate develops and interprets Unified Modeling Language (UML) diagrams which model object-oriented designs. Competency 430.1.5: Object-Oriented Concepts - The graduate applies object-oriented concepts, develops object-oriented designs, and uses object-oriented programming techniques. Competency 430.1.6: Software Testing and Troubleshooting - The graduate applies software testing and troubleshooting strategies to determine programming errors and recommend appropriate solutions. Introduction: As a competent programmer, your ability to design and develop algorithms, your proficient use of data structures, and your ability to use the Unified Modeling Language (UML) to communicate and develop object-oriented designs will help you design and develop applications to meet customer requirements. A solid understanding of object-oriented concepts will help you develop applications that are maintainable and extensible. Strong competence in software testing and troubleshooting will allow you to validate and verify your applications...
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...are defined by the systems requirements, which reflects the aspects of outer world. Real time systems are now become important part of this modern age, safety and privacy issues and performance of such systems have also been raised .In 2000 Halang and Druzovec explained that performance in real time system depends on higher bandwidth, faster response and faster computation power. A real time systems state is dependent on a function of physical time eg; a chemical reaction continues to change its state from one state to another even after the supervising computer system is stopped. This real time system can easily be decomposed into a set of subsystems i.e. human operator, controlled object, real time computer system. A real time system must react to the stimuli with the help of the controlled object within specific time period. Typical examples of real time systems include multimedia applications, command control systems, air traffic control systems, space systems, embedded automotive electronics etc. Real time systems are classified into two categories:- * Factors outside the computer system * Factors inside the computer system Characteristics of Real time systems:- Real time systems...
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...------------------------------------------------- CHAPTER 3 3.0Requirements Analysis and Specifications 3.1. USER REQUIREMENTS 3.1.1. Functional Requirements 1. The system should be able to automatically update and retrieve client loan details whenever required by users. 2. The new system should be able to limit errors during data entry by users. 3. The system should provide a high level security for transactions 4. The system should be able to accept data from users through use of interface and interactive forms. 5. The system should allow management of loans which includes creation, modification and deletion of the loans records within the system. 3.1.2Nonfunctional requirements Usability The loans processing System strives to be as simple and intuitive as possible. The interface will be easy to understand and use, for different users with different access to the system’s services. Customers having laptops with internet connectivity will be able to access loans processing system. Customers using cell phones are able to see the amount awarded and interest rates charged. Reliability As a web-based system, the loan processing System will be very reliable. The customers will be able to access it with ease and get all the information with less complexity. Performance Performance for any web application should be as high as possible. When working with a cell phone, only the most necessary data is sent. Because there is very little searching the system shouldn’t see...
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...When the first object oriented programming language was introduced, it gathered lots of interest and began to grow rapidly. This led to the emergence of many object oriented design methods. With all these design methods came numerous modeling languages and by the early 1990s, many object-oriented modeling techniques were being developed to model software. There were different approaches to using different modeling techniques. Some techniques were designed just for application modeling, and others were targeted at specific areas such as database design. Each one had its strengths and weaknesses. Darwinian forces in the marketplace led to three dominate methods, each having its own modeling language. With three of these methodologies leading, Rational software hired James Rumbaugh after he developed object modeling technique while working for General Electric previously. With Rumbaugh on board, the company was known for two of the most popular object-oriented modeling approaches. The first one being Rumbaugh’s object modeling technique and the other being Grady Booch's object oriented design. Next they were assisted by Ivar Jacobson who developed object-oriented software engineering and Jaconson joined Rational shortly. The three of them together at Rational developed the unified method version 0.9 in 1996. The aim is not to create a new series of symbols but to but to adapt, expand, and simplify the existing and widely used object oriented methods. Other well-known companies...
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...FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCE. 4. PROPOSED DEGREE: M. Sc. (INFORMATIC SCIENCE) 5. TITLE: Object-Oriented Systems Analysis and Design: a case of District Health Information System, Mozambique. TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT i INTRODUCTION 1 RELEVANT FINDINGS (LITERATURE REVIEW) 2 OBJECT-ORIENTED SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN 2 THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND WHY THIS PROBLEM AREA 5 THE RESEARCH QUESTIONS 5 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES 6 TARGET GROUP 7 PERSONAL MOTIVATION 7 METHODOLOGY 7 BIBLIOGRAPHY: 13 ABSTRACT Many organisations are relying on software systems. Thus these organisations spend a lot of money on software systems and, to get a return on that investment, the software must be usable for a number of years. For many organisations, introducing new software implementation from scratch is a risk. This is because their requirements are not well defined or they don’t have enough expertise to understand and identifies software that can fit their problems. So, many organisations adopt software. That means they take analogy software (software developed for another organisation with the some similarities) and adopt it to fit their needs. In my research, I want to address the problems of adopting systems developed in the functional-oriented methodology and propose object-oriented systems analysis and design methodology. Mainly I would like to assess the flexibility of the structure of software and...
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...DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATICS – FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCE. 4. PROPOSED DEGREE: M. Sc. (INFORMATIC SCIENCE) 5. TITLE: Object-Oriented Systems Analysis and Design: a case of District Health Information System, Mozambique. TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT i INTRODUCTION 1 RELEVANT FINDINGS (LITERATURE REVIEW) 2 OBJECT-ORIENTED SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN 2 THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND WHY THIS PROBLEM AREA 5 THE RESEARCH QUESTIONS 5 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES 6 TARGET GROUP 7 PERSONAL MOTIVATION 7 METHODOLOGY 7 BIBLIOGRAPHY: 13 ABSTRACT Many organisations are relying on software systems. Thus these organisations spend a lot of money on software systems and, to get a return on that investment, the software must be usable for a number of years. For many organisations, introducing new software implementation from scratch is a risk. This is because their requirements are not well defined or they don’t have enough expertise to understand and identifies software that can fit their problems. So, many organisations adopt software. That means they take analogy software (software developed for another organisation with the some similarities) and adopt it to fit their needs. In my research, I want to address the problems of adopting systems developed in the functional-oriented methodology and propose object-oriented systems analysis and design methodology. Mainly I would like to assess the flexibility of the structure of software and the development and...
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...1.1 Introduction Object-Oriented Strategies Object-oriented programming embodies in software structures a number of powerful design strategies that are based on practical and proven software engineering techniques. By incorporating support for these strategies in software structures, object-oriented programming enables the manageable construction of more complex systems of software than was previously possible. The nature of these software structures has been shaped by decades of software engineering experience. The basic design strategies that are embodied in object-oriented programming are presented in the Table 1.1. The design strategies evolved as techniques for dealing with complex natural and man-made system. Because these strategies are so fundamental, they are encountered in other contexts and in other programming language forms. What is stressed here is the relationship of these strategies to the design and construction of object-oriented software. These strategies are widely supported by existing object-oriented languages though different languages may present them in different ways and some languages may support other variations of each one. For example, some object-oriented languages have additional ways of supporting generalization. The design strategies in object-oriented programming are effective for constructing software models of entities in the problem domain. In fact, some have argued that software design is largely about constructing a software model of the...
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...of experience in analysis, design, development and maintenance of detailed software modules and Web-based applications using expertise in Java, JSP, Servlets, Struts 2.0, spring and Hibernate. • Expertise in design and development of various web- and enterprise-level applications using Java and J2EE technologies like spring, Hibernate, JSP, Servlets, JDBC, HTML, Struts, JavaScript, Servlets, JavaBeans, CSS, Oracle. • Experience in J2EE design patterns such as Business Delegate, Service Locator, Data Transfer Object, Data Access Object, Session Facade, Factory method, Singleton pattern, Front Controller, View Helper, Composite view, MVC, DAO, DTO and Service Locator. • Good experience in working on XML, XSLT, XSL, JAXB, XML Beans and Castor. • Well Versed with SDLC, Waterfall, Agile Methodologies, Rally and JIRA tools. • Strong knowledge in Object Oriented Concepts, Object Oriented Design (OOD), Object Oriented Analysis (OOA), Programming and its implementation. • Experience in using Java IDE tools like Net beans and familiarity with other IDEs such as Eclipse. • Experience in using MySQL databases to write complex SQL queries, and familiarity with databases like SQL. • Proficient in developing and deploying applications on Servers Weblogic, JBoss, and Tomcat. • Extensively used JUnit, TestNG for unit testing and Log4J, SLF4J for logging. • Experience with Web Services, SOAP, WSDL, RESTFUL technologies and AXIS, Jersey Frameworks...
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...Object-Oriented Analysis and Design Method MAO BO 2015 SPRING Course Category and Objects • Category • Core course for undergraduate students in major of Information Management and Information Systems • Objects • Understanding the elementary programming with Java(?) • Understanding methodologies and technologies of object-oriented analysis and design • Be more prepared for future software-related jobs MAO Bo, School of Economics and Management, Tsinghua University Spring, 2015 2 You will learn about • How to programming with Java • How to gather software requirements • How to analysis software using object-oriented theory • How to design software using object-oriented theory • How to communicate the software analysis and design using UML (unified modeling language) diagrams • How to divide a software project into phases with objectoriented thinking MAO Bo, School of Economics and Management, Tsinghua University Spring, 2015 3 Contents of Course in Java 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Elementary Programming with Java Selections and Loops Method and Arrays in Java Objects and Classes Inheritance and Polymorphism Event-Driven Programming and Exception Handling MAO Bo, School of Economics and Management, Tsinghua University Spring, 2015 4 Contents of Course in OOA&D 7. What is great software and how can get it? 8. How to gather software requirement? 9. How to deal with software requirements change? 10. Object-oriented software analysis approaches 11. Object-oriented software...
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.................................................................................. 6 Web Development............................................................................................................................................................................ 7 SDLC................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9 UML ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 11 1 Review Guide OOPS Resources: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object-oriented_programming Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm using "objects" – usually instances of a class – consisting of data fields and methods together with their interactions – to design applications and computer programs. Programming techniques may include features such as data abstraction, encapsulation, messaging, modularity, polymorphism, and...
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...Unified Modeling Language (UML) UML stand for Unified Modeling Language and will forever change the world of modeling. UML was introduced more than 10 years ago in 1997 with the combined of three modeling advocates techniques. One of the first to adopt the system was The Object Management Group (OMG), the immediately set the stage for a new world of modeling with UML leading the way. The UML version 1.x was composed of 9 distinct but was break down into three types; they are structural, behavioral, and interaction. Of course no system was prefect there were issues as well that lead to more researches. First of UML is very complex and not users friendly and doubt it’ll get any less according to the article. They required experience user and have to get users to learn it language. (Erickson, J. (2008)) The impact on modeling that UML was seen years later. Now most of the businesses around the world use it in their daily working and communication. The systems on which these businesses run are based on languages, which make the design of these systems easier than it would have been otherwise. System design and engineering complexities are greatly reduced by use of diagrams that convey much more than reams of paper would consume by way of text. Also, these diagrams used in modeling help to design the system faster and quicker. Unified Modeling Language (UML) is now one such Modeling language, used to make designing of systems faster and quicker. The UML is thus a visual tool...
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...WEEK4 Week 4’s slides start off with an introduction to UML interaction diagrams, diagrams which show how objects interact via messages. The first UML interaction diagram discussed was communication diagrams. Communication diagrams demonstrate object interactions in a graph or network format. The next UML interaction diagram spoken of was the sequence diagrams which are diagrams that explain interactions in a kind of fence format. When it comes to these types of diagrams the set of all operation contracts defines system behavior. It is also said, in the slides, that you’ll need to create an interaction diagram for each operation contract. The next section of slides goes in detail about designing objects with responsibilities and methods. Before I go into detail about the responsibilities and methods, it’s important to first understand that the focus of object design is to: * Identify classes and objects. * Decide what methods belong. * Where and how these objects should interact. See, responsibilities are assigned to classes during object design. There are two types of responsibilities, the “doing” and the “knowing.” The “doing” is known for doing something itself; it initiates the action in other objects and controls/coordinates the activities in other objects. The “knowing” is more about the related objects, private encapsulated data and things it can derive/calculate. Responsibilities related to “knowing” often are inferable from the Domain Model because of...
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