...to as cross-examination. Other procedures can be used to improve understanding and/or the credibility of a study. These include research or inquiry audit, peer debriefing, and the seeking of negative cases in the field that might disconfirm interpretations. Participant Observation | Systematically seeks out and organizes data concerning what is being studied based on a social science theory and methodology rather than focusing on achieving a situationally defined goal. | | Keeps detailed records of what occurs, including those things characteristically taken for granted. | | Periodically detaches self from the situation to review records from the neutral position of a social scientist. | | Constantly monitors observations and records for evidence of personal bias or prejudice. | Five Types of Participant Observation | External Participation constitutes the lowest degree of involvement in observation. This type of observation can be done by observing situations on television or videotape. | | Passive Participation means the researcher is present at the scene of action but does not interact or participate. The researcher finds an observation post and assumes the role of a bystander or spectator. | | Balanced Participation means that the researcher maintains a...
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...Observation Participant observation is a qualitative method with traditionally associates with ethnographic research and it considered as the foundation method for ethnographic research (Whitehead 2005). Usually ethnographic researchers used the data that collected through the participant observation to build up the design for other method especially interviews (Reeves et al 2008). The participant observation was selected as a primary data collection for the qualitative phase of this study because it helps to identify relevant topics for interview discussions as the topic is new. Moreover, participant observation helps to gain a sense of what exactly happens in that particular context regarding the topic of interest. In ethnography it...
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...EDU 145 Child Development 2 Time Sampling Introduction: Observation is the key to understanding young children and their development. Teachers learn about a child’s physical, social, emotional, cognitive and language domains as they watch children in multiple learning experiences. Through your observations you will learn to identify appropriate observation techniques (competency # 4). Observation also allows you to meet the CPCC core competencies of communication, critical thinking and information technology and quantitative literacy. Outcome Assessment Standards: NAEYC Standards Standard 1: Promoting Child Development Standard 3: Observing, Documenting and Assessing to Support Young Children & Families. Support Skill 3: Written & Verbal Skills CPCC Core Competencies Communication, Critical Thinking, Information Technology & Quantitative Literacy Description of Specific Assignment Requirements Adapted from Observing Development of Young Children (Beaty, 1990)) In the time sampling method, the observer records the frequency of a behavior’s occurrence over time. The behavior must be overt and frequent (at least once every fifteen minutes) to be a candidate for sampling. For example, talking, hitting, and crying are such behaviors, because they can be clearly seen and counted. Time sampling thus involves observing specified behavior of an individual and recording the presence or absence of this behavior...
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...youth in 6th – 8th grades. Your portfolio should include all of the materials that you have acquired during this semester for these observations Remember, you are representing Maryville College, so dress and behave appropriately and arrive on time for all appointments! Have fun ( Observation Options: All psychology of adolescence students are required to spend 10 hours interacting with and/or observing youth who are in 6th – 8th grades. Licensure students - 10 hours Observations in 6th – 8th grade classrooms. Non Licensure students – 10 hours of Observations (5 in a structured setting, 5 in a casual setting). You will need to set up these observations yourself. Five hours of your observations should be in a structured setting (youth group, after-school program, boys and girls club, community art classes, karate class etc. There must be an adult in charge for the setting to be considered “structured”) and 5 of the hours can be in a casual setting (basketball game, movie theater, museum, etc.). Format for Portfolio: The following items should be included (in the prescribed order) in your portfolio binder. It is suggested that you use dividers to separate the sections and number the pages. ← Title Page - Minimally include Name, Major, Date ← Table of Contents with page numbers ← Description of Observation/Interaction Settings (along with maps, diagrams, photos, etc.); a separate one is needed for each different setting (if you are...
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...Chapter 5 Review Questions 1. Describe systems analysis and the major activities that occur during this phase of the systems development life cycle. During systems analysis, you determine how the current information system functions and assess what users would like to see in a new system. Requirements determination, requirements structuring, and alternative generation and selection are the three primary systems analysis activities. 2. What are some useful character traits for an analyst involved in requirements determination? Requirements determination is a crucial part of the systems development life cycle; therefore impertinence, impartiality, relaxing constraints, attention to details, and reframing are important characteristics. 3. Describe three traditional techniques for collecting information during analysis. When might one be better than another? Traditional techniques for collecting requirements include interviewing and listening, observing users, and analyzing procedures and other documents. Interviewing and listening involve talking with users individually or as a group to discover their views about the current and target systems; it also involves carefully preparing an interview outline and guide before conducting the interview. Interviews are best done when only a few people are involved, when you need open-ended questions or the questions vary from individual to individual, or when a more personal method is needed. 4. What are the general...
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...------------------------------------------------- Episode 4 ------------------------------------------------- Guiding Principles in the Selection and Use of Teaching Strategies * ------------------------------------------------- My Target In this episode, I must be able to * Write evidence of the application of some guiding principles in the selection and use of teaching strategies. * ------------------------------------------------- My Performance (how will be I rated) Field study 2, Episode 1 – principles of learning Focused on: Application of the principles of learning in the teaching- learning process | Task | Exemplary (4) | Superior (3) | Satisfactory(2) | Unsatisfactory(1) | Observation/ Documentation | All task were done with outstanding quality; work exceeds expectation | All or nearly all task were done with high quality | Nearly all task were done with acceptable quality | Fewer than half of task were done; or most objectives met but with poor quality | My Analysis | -Analysis questions were answered completely; in depth answers; thoroughly grounded on theories-Exemplary grammar and spelling. | -Analysis questions were answered completely-Clear connection with theories -Grammar and spelling are superior | -Analysis question were not answered completely-Vaguely related to the theories-Grammar and spelling acceptable | -Analysis questions were not answered-Grammar and spelling unsatisfactory | My Reflection | Reflection...
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...Saint Joseph College of Cavite, Inc. www.sjc-cavite.edu.ph FIELD STUDY 5 LEARNING ASSESSMENT STRATEGIES Second Semester 2014- 2015 Cav National High School FS Student- BSED III Mr. Resource Teacher M Department Head English Department Field Study 5- Learning Assessment Strategies EPISODE | RATING | COMMENTS | Form 1 for FS 5Documenting and Assessing Student Progress | | | Episode 1Documenting and Assessing Student Progress | | | Episode 2Assessment Tools in the Learning Environment | | | Episode 3Log Me | | | Episode 4Product Oriented Assessment | | | Episode 5Available Tests and Measurement | | | Episode 6Student Reflection | | | General Reflection | | | FORM 1 FOR FS 5 DOCUMENTING AND ASSESSING STUDENT PROGRESS (answered by my resource teacher) 1. List the procedures you follow to correct different types of student work (e.g. Daily papers, homework, test, projects, etc.) * According to my resource teacher, he corrects class’ homework orally/ on- the- spot to the class, however those essays, he is the one who checks it. And when it comes to checking of projects he prefers using rubrics for checking. 2. List the methods you use to record student progress (e.g. grade book, anecdotal records, progress charts, etc) * According to my resource teacher, he uses the traditional class records in recording the students’ progress. 3. List any time saving tips you have discovered...
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...Test Review: Personality and Substance Use ORG 5100/PSY 5610 Assessment/Psychometrics January 21, 2013 Abstract This paper reviews an assessment that was designed to measure personality. It includes the description of test, what the test attempted to measure, what the test is to be used with, basic principles and/or theories upon which the test is based, and any other special characteristics of the test as well as psychometric properties. This paper examines a study done in a journal called Assessment which tested the hypothesis that the relationship between present-moment observation and substance use is moderated by the tendency to be nonjudgmental and nonreactive toward the observed stimuli. The study called The "What" and the "How" of Dispositional Mindfulness: Using Interactions Among Subscales of the Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire to Understand Its Relation To Substance Use and written by Tory A. Eisenlohr-Moul, Erin C. Walsh, Richard J. Charnigo, Donald R. Lynam, and Ruth A. Baer. The test was given to on two hundred and ninety-six undergraduate students and completed using the Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). Test Review: Personality and Substance Use There are various ways to obtain information about a person’s personality when conducting research. Observation is one of those methods. Observation is the most used and most understood form of personality assessment and can be made through a controlled environment or in a natural environment...
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...This artifact is my a journal included in my observation experience assignment that I completed for Communication Arts I and II, ED 323 and 325, in the fall of 2017. The project was a summary of my observation experience of a first grade classroom I was placed in. I observed and assisted for 50 hours in Ms. Hayes’s first grade classroom at Rossiter Elementary School, Helena, MT. This artifact is housed behind Standard H, Performance 1. 4. How does this artifact demonstrate your competency for this teacher performance? In the fall of 2017, I spent 50 hours in a first grade classroom observing and assisting with language arts, phonics, spelling, math and various other disciplines. During this time I kept a journal entry for each day I obsevered. My journal entry and artifact...
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...to my observation. First, I begin a brief description of the child I have observed and the setting in which the observation took place. Next I attempt to show my understanding of normal child development, and aspects that can disrupt ‘normal’ child development. Throughout the essay, I will critically examine and reflect on the process of undertaking my observation. And finally, issues of ethics and anti- oppressive practises will be discussed. The child I have observed was three and half year’s old girl called Sara (not her real name), of African Caribbean background and English is the only language spoken at home. All three observations took place at the day-centre she attends. The day-care centre gave me permission to observe her, but not to interact and interfere with her educational activities. As this was my first observation, I was a bit anxious about how Sara might react about me watching her, and while her parents consented about the observations, Sara did not know that I am here to observe her; it is this scenario that made me uncomfortable. I was particularly more concerned about the ethical issues of not informing Sara about the observation. One element of anti-oppressive practice is to make sure that people’s rights are not violated. Social workers must put children’s needs first, and to respect their human rights, including rights to liberty, privacy and family life (Dalrymple and Burke, 1995: 57). In common with anyone who is undertaking child observations, I was...
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...In this practicum experience I visited the classrooms of both a veteran teacher and a novice teacher. During the classroom observation, an observation form was checked off that examined the planning and preparing of the lesson, the classroom environment, and the delivery of the instruction to the students. After the observation, focus on the differences in their instructional behaviors, quality of their instructional practices, and how they executed teaching techniques to accommodate the diversity within their classroom. First teacher observed was Mr. Wright; he is a second year health and physical education within the school district. The following checklist will give you a look into Mr. Wright’s health class. CAMELOT SCHOOLS CLASSROOM OBSERVATION School: Camden City Accelerated Date: January 30, 2014 Teacher/Class: Mr. Wright; Health Observed Time: 12:40 – 1:10 Domain I – Planning and Preparation Exceeds Expectations Meets Expectations Needs Improvement Unacceptable Not Observed Demonstrates knowledge of core curriculum and student development X Lesson plans current and available X Uses materials, resources and technology to make subject matter accessible to all students X Teachers plan for student assessment is fully aligned with the instructional outcomes X Domain II – Environment Exceeds Expectations Meets Expectations Needs Improvement Unacceptable Not Observed Creates an environment...
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...island. Indeed, further studies found that the island was once lushly forested, supporting a society of 6,000 to 30,000 people. Evidence indicates that "this once-flourishing civilization overused its resources and cut down all its trees, destroying itself in a downward spiral of starvation and conflict. Today, Easter Island stands as a parable and a warning for what can happen when a population consumes too much of the limited resources that support it." For this assignment, you need to review the story of Easter Island and consider it in terms of the scientific method. Tasks: Review the story of Easter Island presented in pages 6–7 of the textbook Essential Environment: The Science Behind the Stories. Using the scientific method, analyze and prepare a report on the story of Easter Island. In your report, include responses to the following questions: Observation: What were some of the key observations at Easter Island? Hypothesis: What hypothesis was formed as a result of the observations? Results: What were the results and conclusions after applying the scientific method? Do you agree with the assertion that Easter Island holds important lessons for our world today, regarding the use of natural resources? Why or why not? Support your answer with examples. Writing Assignment: The collapse of Easter Island is evident of what can happen when the natural resources that support it were used up, the population decreased. Scientists, such as French archaeologist...
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...The Weaknesses and Strengths of Common Sense and Science as Sources of Knowledge There are many sources of knowledge as the society progresses. In this case, the most controversial question would be whether or not common sense can be accounted as a reliable source of knowledge? Although both common sense and science can be taken into account as sources of knowledge, I will argue that to some extent common sense and scientific knowledge are still very different from one another. That is, scientific knowledge is much more highly valued and reliable than common sense. By definition, common sense is a knowledge that is developed from daily basis, and is primarily based on the viewer’s observation, while scientific knowledge is generated from a constant formal of testing in the real world. In this essay, I will discuss the weaknesses and strengths of common sense and scientific knowledge and defend my position for why scientific knowledge is generally regarded as more reliable and authoritative than common sense. In this section, I will discuss the main strengths of common sense and science. Arthur E. Murphy, an American philosopher, believed that the ability to learn by experience is the most fundamental factor in our intellectual progress. On one hand, namely, common sense is both common and sensible. That is, common sense beliefs can be easily observed by individuals and it is rather comprehensible. Science, on the other hand, uses a rational methodology. Also, along with...
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...ANALYSIS OF OBSERVATION OF PHYSICAL INVENTORY COUNT Physical inventory counting is a much unloved procedure in most merchandising and manufacturing businesses. The process ensures that the inventory on the company's financial books matches the amount of inventory on the sales floor, stockroom or warehouse. Many businesses undergo a thorough annual inventory count, usually at the end of either the calendar or their fiscal year. Sample, or cycle, counts are often conducted between full inventory counts. Sample counts are not intended to check the entire inventory. Instead, they check a portion of the inventory listed on the books. The primary reason auditors observe their client taking the physical inventory is to make sure the inventory reflected on the balance sheet actually exists and that the balance sheet includes all inventory owned by the company. This includes all raw materials, supplies, inventory in transit when using Free on Board (FOB) shipping point, inventory the company may have on consignment with another business, and inventory stored off the premises. Confirming the existence of inventory through your observations addresses the occurrence and completeness assertions as well. However, the auditor must always bear in mind that he is there not to participate in the actual counting of inventory but to rather observe. But before an auditor can pursue this audit procedure, he must first have to gather enough information about the company under audit’s inventory...
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...Table of Content Abstract 3 Introduction 3 What is the purpose of the article detailed by the author? 3 The conceptual framework of the article 4 How well the authors achieve their purpose? 5 What are the author’s interpretations? 6 Does the author exhibit bias or slant in their treatment of the subject? 7 Does the author agree or disagree with information from the leadership course? 7 Is the information in the article consistent or inconsistent with what you know from your own experience? 8 Conclusion 8 References 10 Abstract Servant leadership is a type of leadership quality that focuses on the philosophy to serve first. It addresses certain concerns like customer experience, employee engagement and ethical values that brings in a culture where the leader and follower both reach a goal without using authoritative power (Baghurts & Carter, 2013). The article discusses a focus group on eleven employees from a servant leadership restaurant and how it uses different methods to examine positive results influence by customer experience, engagements and loyalty to the workplace. Introduction Servant leadership is a management way of life; it tackles the concerns of customer experience, employee engagement and ethics, thus creating an only one of its kind organizational society, where both followers and leaders come together to...
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