...Retirement and Pension System in Bangladesh M Alimullah Miyan Doctor Vice-Chancellor & Founder IUBAT — International University of Business Agriculture and Technology Dhaka, Bangladesh E-mail: miyan@iubat.edu Abstract The retirement issue mostly relates to those who are in job situation and the retirement age in public service is 57 years. The agriculture sector has no retirement concept as also the case in self-employment. The aspects of retirement in terms of age, old age welfare and social impact have been discussed in this paper. Pension system in Bangladesh is mainly observed in government services. The pension issues are settled according to the rules of the Public Servants (Retirement) Act of 1974. There are four categories of pensions which have been elaborated and analyzed in the paper. There are about 36 million labors working in agriculture sector in the country, who are not covered by pensions. Similarly migrant workers do not receive any pension. There is no provision of pension for private sector workers. They only receive some gratuity at retirement. Government has recently introduced Old Age Allowance Programme which covers small fraction of elderly people in the country who are not covered by pension system. Although limited in coverage, this is a healthy beginning of providing security to vast majority of the elderly people who are not covered by the existing pension system. Family support is the...
Words: 8818 - Pages: 36
...important component of human capital. The participation of children in work in home and outside is often considered to be one of the important reasons for low school enrolment in Bangladesh. An important effect of child labor is on demographic development in a country. It is generally found that poor countries with high rates of population growth have higher incidence of child work. In this study, the actual child laborers in Bangladesh are 3.2 million (ILO, report/ BBS, 2006) which age is 5-17years. About 421000 are domestic workers. The children are bound to do hazardous toils because of poverty. More than 1.3 million children work in hazardous situation. The Bangladeshi children deprived every winding of social and international aspects such as in trafficking, industrial works, household labors, early marriage, biri factory, forcedly prostitution, begging, less wages, helping in the vehicle etc. though the government of Bangladesh has taken many initiatives to prevent child labor and violation of child rights. But the achievement is not satisfactory, in this connection much phenomena are concerned; poverty is one of them. So, government, NGOs and public should take proper step to impoverish the vulnerable people, awareness buildings, enforcement of laws. The number of child laborers and victims of various disparities is quite alarming for our future generation. 1.1. Background of the study Bangladesh is overpopulated country. Most of the people are poor. Many people migrating...
Words: 7822 - Pages: 32
...Getting and Staying Active in Later Life On the occasion of International Day of Older Persons, ASM ATIQUR RAHMAN discusses the plight and prospects of ageing in 21st century Bangladesh. Old age is neither a disease nor an individual problem; rather, it has become a worldwide challenge that must be addressed globally. "Later life" is unavoidable, inevitable, universal and excessively troublesome. No one can stop the process of ageing. The quality of life and the rate of ageing both vary considerably depending on a number of factors such as education, occupation, purchasing capacity, lifestyle, food habit, residential location, belief and culture, etc. Surprisingly, ageing takes place within the context of family members, kin, neighbours, friends, work associates and the state. Lifelong preparations, making intergenerational linkages, using appropriate technology, developing right-based societal relationships, upholding religious values at the personal level, political commitment and governmental undertaking at the macro-level can help ensure a healthy ageing and active later life. Policy responses to ageing until now have tended to focus only on the provision of medical care and income security for older persons, which remain important but have been inadequate compared to the rate of ageing occurring now and projected to intensify in the coming decades. Population ageing is a by-product of scientific development in human societies bound to remain a dominant social...
Words: 3468 - Pages: 14
...Child Marriage One would describe an average 10-13-year-old as playful, immature, and adventure seeking. They get spend majority of their time hanging out with numerous friends; however, the sad reality is that thousands of girls in Bangladesh don't get to experience life as a normal, corky, adolescent, or have the privilege of furthering their education past middle school. Instead, they are most likely waiting for a potential spouse or preparing a traditional wedding at age 13. According to sources, about 52% of Bangladesh girls are expected to leave their education, family, and friends behind and pursue a marriage (“Girls Not Brides”). This puts teenage girls at higher risks to become victims of abuse, pregnancy complications due to the...
Words: 1092 - Pages: 5
...Old Age Allowance Programme of Bangladesh: Challenges and Lessons Sharifa Begum Senior Research Fellow Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies (BIDS) Background of the Old Age Allowance • As in other countries, Bangladesh too started experiencing population ageing; • According to UN Population Projection, share of older people by 2050 will reach around 20% and absolute number would become more than 40 million. • Government’s concern for older people until 1990’s was limited to public sector employees only who represent around 5% of the labour force and 1% of the older people. Background (contd.) • Following increase of older people and more than that following recent global concerns for these people, the Govt. of Bangladesh in recent years became sensitive about older people and felt to do something beyond moral preaching. • Consequently, the government introduced a Monthly Allowance Programme for older people in April 1998. In case of Bangladesh, the credit for the programme almost entirely goes to the Govt. Main Features of the Programme • • • • • • Means-tested programme Provides monthly allowance to poor elderly Benefit has no condition attached to it Financed from the country’s national budget Has countrywide coverage Accomplished substantial expansion since introduction; – beneficiaries increased from 0.4 to 2.75 million – Monthly allowance increased from BDT 100 to BDT 300; Main Features (contd.) • • • ...
Words: 1381 - Pages: 6
...Malnutrition in Bangladesh 1. Introduction: Malnutrition is globally the most important risk factor for illness and death, contributing to more than half of deaths in children worldwide. It is one of the most important underlying causes of child mortality in developing countries, particularly during the first 5 years of life; the major causes for this are poverty, world conflicts, lack of education, natural disasters and poor access to health care. Nearly one-third of children in the developing world are malnourished. The effects of changing environmental conditions in increasing malnutrition are multifactorial. Poor environmental conditions may increase insect and protozoal infections and also contribute to environmental deficiencies in micronutrients. Overpopulation, more commonly seen in developing countries, can reduce food production, leading to inadequate food intake or intake of foods of poor nutritional quality. Conversely, the effects of malnutrition on individuals can create and maintain poverty, which can further hamper economic and social development. Bangladesh being the eighth most populous country in the world, and one of the poorest a significant progress has been made in recent years in reducing the incidence of poverty and malnutrition, the fact remains that roughly half of its 15.5 million citizens live in deprivation, while roughly half of all children under 6 years show some evidence of chronic malnutrition. Poverty and malnutrition in Bangladesh are characterized...
Words: 22491 - Pages: 90
...International University-Bangladesh (AIUB) Kamal Ataturk Avenue, Banani Dhaka-1213, Bangladesh Dear Prof. Neaz Here is the report on the topic “Child Labor in Dhaka City & Their Social & Economical situation in the society.” To aid you to understand the present social & economical situation of the child labors in the capital city of Bangladesh, Dhaka we gathered what we believe to be the most complete information available at present. Most of the information is collected from our own research and analysis about the research subject. And also like to inform you that a big portion of information is taken from various government and non-government sources. The research and analysis is totally done objectively and we try our level best to avoid any kind of error and biasness. We sincerely hope that our research and analysis will aid you to make a clear understanding about the child labors and their true financial and economical situation in Bangladesh and what life they are been through. We truly appreciate this assignment. Sincerely, On behalf of, Group: Illuminati ______________________________ Aiman Jan Chowdhury A Report by Illuminati Page 2 Child Labor In Dhaka City Child Labor in Dhaka City Prepared for, Prof. Ahmed, Dr. A. N. Neaz Course: Economical Geography Department: Economics Faculty: Faculty of Arts & Social Science (FASS) American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB) Kamal Ataturk Avenue, Banani Dhaka-1213, Bangladesh Prepared by, Group Name:...
Words: 5475 - Pages: 22
...1.1 Prelude to Child Labour Child is the father of a man. Child is the wealth of a state. Child is the hope and future of a nation. Child is the precursor of human civilization. When the child is so important in the life of a nation; he can neither be ignored nor neglected in the onward march of a world civilization. Children should therefore be properly reared up for the sake of human civilization, for the sake of a nation and its government. Environment should be so created that a child may properly grow physically; mentally as well as intellectually to play its role in tomorrow’s society. Child is the continuation of human civilization and bears the testimony of parenthood and generation. He is the foundation of a family, a society, a nation and the world as a whole. He requires careful and effective measures for his proper nourishment by the concerned person and authority. He is to be provided with the basics he requires. But unfortunately this does not prevail all over the world equally specially in the developing countries. A few fortunate children of these countries are provided with the basics while the rest are denied of their basic needs, physical and mental growth. They are compelled to offer labour for their livelihood before they attain majority. They work with the hammer and the spade instead of working with the book and the pencil. Sometimes, circumstantially they go into the clutches of anti-social elements, creating law and order problems and finally they...
Words: 5942 - Pages: 24
...two-year consultation process covering issues such as poverty eradication, environmental protection, human rights and protection of the vulnerable. A major conference was held at UN headquarters in New York on 20–22 September 2010 to review progress to date, with five years left to the 2015 deadline. The conference concluded with the adoption of a global action plan to achieve the eight anti-poverty goals by their 2015 target date. There were also major new commitments on women's and children's health, and major new initiatives in the worldwide battle against poverty, hunger and disease. Child mortality continues to decline worldwide. The total number of deaths of children below five years of age fell from 12.4 million in 1990 to 7.7 million in 2010. Mortality in children below five years of age (under-five mortality) has fallen from 89 per 1000 live births in 1990 to 60 per 1000 live births in 2009, representing a reduction of...
Words: 4794 - Pages: 20
...Women and Children trafficking in Bangladesh: A Legal Study Md. Saddam Hossen[1] ABSTRACT Sexual abuse, exploitation, trafficking are nightmares for femininity especially for disadvantage groups and trafficking is the most heinous of all. Government as well as Non- Government Organizations is working for Prevention, Protection, Rehabilitation and Reintegration of trafficked victims and population at risk. Though among these, Prevention is the most effective to reduce or eliminate human trafficking it is least utilized. Perhaps lack of mechanisms by which to measure success or outcome of prevention activities is the cause of this. Still some NGOs are working on it. In fact NGOs have been the pioneers in bringing this invisible crime into the public domain by their continuous efforts. Government is now also concerned of it because of international pressure and concern. Government initiatives give emphasis on prosecution but it is a globally chained crime where prosecute real offender is tough. Rather prevention is the possible measure to stop trafficking. It is the only pre-trafficking measure which may help a young girl or child not to be victim of trafficking. NGOs are the only actor at grass root level working for prevention so it is necessary to see- actually what they are doing and has any change took place. . The study explains the definition of trafficking, causes and consequences of trafficking. It also suggest some recommendations for the preventio9n of this problem. ...
Words: 13655 - Pages: 55
...Involvement of children in work at an early age leads to health and developmental consequences. Working children suffer significant growth deficits as compared with school children. They grow up shorter and lighter, and their body size continues to be smaller even in adulthood. Many of them work under conditions that leave them alarmingly vulnerable to chemical and biological hazards. Child workers tend to develop muscular, chest and abdominal pain, headaches, dizziness, respiratory infections, diarrhoea and worm infection. Poor working conditions make them more susceptible than their adult colleagues to infectious diseases, injuries and other workplace-related ailments. Many even experience amputations or loss of body parts. Moreover, children in certain occupations experience particular types of abuse. Child domestic workers are often found to be victims of verbal and sexual abuse, beating or punishment by starvation. Children, engaged in scavenging, rag-picking or marginal economic activities in the streets, are exposed to drugs, violence, and criminal activities, physical and sexual abuse in many parts of the country. Child labour is a denial of the right to enjoy childhood and achieve full physical and psychological development. Worse still, many hundreds of children are trapped in forced labour, debt bondage, prostitution and other kinds of jobs that cause lasting and devastating damage. Obviously the formulation of a National plan of action for the elimination of...
Words: 2235 - Pages: 9
...A BASELINE SURVEY OF STREET CHILDREN IN BANGLADESH Submitted to The Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics National Child-Labour Survey, 2002 –2003 Parishakhan Bhaban, 4th Floor, (Block –1) E-27/A, Agargaon, Dhaka. by Foundation for Research on Educational Planning and Development (FREPD) Sonargaon Road, Palashi Crossing, Dhaka University Campus, Dhaka. e-mail : frepd@dhaka .net, Phone : 8610556 December 7, 2003 Acknowledgement In order to combat the situation of child labour in its worst forms effectively, the size of the affected population must be known. The number of street children in Bangladesh is quite big and until recently the incidence and distribution of street children at both national and regional levels was not known. Their reality in terms of their working, living and health conditions, as well as the degree of hazardousness faced by the street children was also not known. Gathering data on the above issues is very important for planning interventions that would help to know the real situation of street children in Bangladesh. Thus the BBS and the ILO decided to conduct a Base Line Survey of Street Children with the main objective of the survey being to attempt to quantify the number of the street children population at the national level in Bangladesh. This data-collection exercise would generate benchmark data covering different aspects of the realities of Street Children in Bangladesh. BBS and ILO entrusted the FREPD with the responsibility of conducting...
Words: 9332 - Pages: 38
...The family is a group defined by a sex relationship sufficiently precise and enduring to provide for the procreation and upbringing of children. (“Society: Its Structure and change”-MacIver & Page) ❖ The family represents the unit of social order. Within it people are trained for larger social life. Not only are they schooled in the art of producing wealth and trained in right of property, but is in the home that the beginning of all forms of culture appear. (“Out line of sociology”-Gillin & Blackmer) ❖ “A group of people who love and care for each other”-(Seligmann, 1990). American people picked the legalistic definition for “family” who thinks, ‘a group of people who related by blood, marriage and or adoption’ What are the functions of a family in earlier societies? Family functions vary widely. In most traditional societies, pre-industrial societies, the family performs four central functions. • The regulation of sexual activity • Reproduction • Socialization of children • Providing for the physical needs of both young and old members, including food, shelter, protection and health care. Major characteristics of family: 1. Universality 2. Emotional basis 3. Formative influence 4. Limited size 5. Nuclear position in...
Words: 2501 - Pages: 11
...Heritage Assessment: Jamaica, Bangladesh, and Cuba Jessyca E. Jackson Grand Canyon University: NRS-429V-O104 August 24, 2014 Heritage Assessment: Jamaica, Bangladesh, and Cuba The Heritage Assessment Tool produced by Prentice-Hall was used to interview three individuals. All the question listed on the tool were asked of these individuals and a discussion of health traditions followed. The following is a synopsis of these interviews and contains conclusions drawn from the interviews. Usefulness of Using a Heritage Assessment in Evaluating the Needs of the Whole Person The use of a heritage assessment tool is a good place to start when trying to understand the culture, beliefs, and values of your patient. Proper assessment is necessary in order to prevent stereotyping. It is easy to make assumptions about a patient based upon their exterior, but a nurse must learn what lies within, in order to provide effective care and teaching. According to Edelman & Kudzma, “the culture and beliefs of people can also influence health action.” (Edelman, 2014, 5) With this in mind, a nurse must have some understanding of the general beliefs and values a person may have, based on their cultural identity and then delve further into the individual to ascertain their level of identification to their cultural heritage. It is a mistake to think that a full understanding of the whole person can be gained through assumptions based upon generalized knowledge of their ethnic/cultural heritage...
Words: 1571 - Pages: 7
...Submission: 8-12-15 Review and Discussion Questions 1. What is meant by an “ageing population”? Examine some of the key ways in which an ageing population can affect the supply side of the economy? Answer: Population ageing is a phenomenon that occurs when the median age of a country or region rises due to rising life expectancy and/or declining fertility rates. Aging of population (also known as demographic aging, and population aging) is a summary term for shifts in the age distribution (i.e., age structure) of a population toward older ages. A direct consequence of the ongoing global fertility transition (decline) and of mortality decline at older ages, population aging is expected to be among the most prominent global demographic trends of the 21st century. Population aging is progressing rapidly in many industrialized countries, but those developing countries whose fertility declines began relatively early also are experiencing rapid increases in their proportion of elderly people. This pattern is expected to continue over the next few decades, eventually affecting the entire world. Population aging has many important socio-economic and health consequences, including the increase in the old-age dependency ratio. It presents challenges for public health (concerns over...
Words: 5614 - Pages: 23
