... The books The Doctor’s Plague by Sherwin Nuland and The Ghost Map by Steven Johnson both tell stories of devastating epidemics in an age before the advantages of modern medicine. Today, medicine seems very scientific – doctors test treatments, gather data, and run experiments before a new drug or treatment is deemed safe and effective enough for widespread use. Modern doctors train for years before they begin practicing and benefit from the vast body of medical knowledge collected over centuries of laborious study. Before we developed these scientific habits, however, medicine looked very different. Before the use of microscopes in medicine and the discovery of germs, many strange theories about the origins of disease flourished in the habitat created by a lack of and desire for understanding. Doctors proposed theories about miasma (‘bad air’ that carried disease), too-tight corsets, and the unfortunate illness-prone “constitutions” of poor people as explanations for the spread of disease before the actual nature of puerperal fever and cholera were understood (Nuland, 58). Miasma theory had an especially strong hold on the minds of the scientific community, and while not entirely untrue, it was not applicable in the cases of puerperal fever and cholera (Johnson, 113). The prevalence of miasma theory made it difficult for doctors – especially with the lack of scientific knowledge, procedure, and tools needed to properly test medical theories – to meaningfully oppose the...
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...Upon opening the book readers are greeted with and epigraph that’s words are borrowed from a predecessor of Nulands, Charles Delucena Meigs, Professor of midwifery and the diseases of women and children, Jefferson Medical College, In one quote the epigraph hints at the severity and hopelessness that doctors and patients alike faced when dealing with puerperal fever. Sufficiently intrigued, but without knowing anything but the name of the monster, Chapter 1 describes in detail the symptoms; the way puerperal fever destroys it victims, through a fictional story of a young pregnant woman in 1847 Vienna, whom is destined to give birth, and too die in the allegory of the Allgemiene Krankenhaus; an extremely large and modern hospital beset with an epidemic of puerperal...
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...we know it today. De Vaca, De Champlain and Columbus were among the those explorers. Their respective missions were to go out and explore the world and see what else existed. Although they were all successful in that regard Christopher Columbus is the name that pops into the for front. I chose this as one of my favorites because it shows how far we have come since then. This quotes speaks to just that. "The people of this island and of all the other islands which I have found and seen, or have not seen, all go naked, men and women, as their mothers bore them, except that some women cover one place only with the leaf of a plant or with a net of cotton which they make for that."(pg 28) This speaks to the authenticity of the story, and shows how far we have come since that time. The next topic that I really enjoyed and took great pleasure reading was The Transcendentalists. During this weeks topic we really discussed two great writers Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry Davis Thoreau. The particular story that I personally gravitated to during this reading was the Civil Disobedience. He had a very important quote about government which read; "That government is best which governs least;"(pg 289). In my opinion he spoke very blatantly about what he thought of the government and their issues, and what he thought was the correct to run the government. He believes that government did what was best for the majority of people, not necessarily what was best period. He had a major issue with...
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...Value of an Education Jim Collins GEN/200 03/26/2012 Professor James Richards Value of an Education Benjamin Franklin once said, “An investment in knowledge pays the best interest.” He was referring to both the monetary and personal time investment required for a formal education. Unless you are independently wealthy and are able to travel the world. Without a college degree, you will never get a good understanding on how the world works. Oliver Wendell Holmes once made this statement, "The mind, once expanded to the dimensions of larger ideas, never returns to its original size." When I was younger, I did not believe a college degree was important. I felt that a good work ethic and doing what was best for the company would thrust me to the top. How wrong I was. In this paper, you will read how a college education will bring an individual self-satisfaction, increase their promotability and improve their quality of life by their higher lifelong earrings. The desire of obtaining a college degree starts with the person. As college students, one must decide what level of commitment we are going to implement to obtain our goal. The intrinsic value is the first issue at hand. It's like being at the hardware store and asking yourself how much will I get out of certain expensive power tools. In other words, how does the end look? You would never Fe motivated to make a large purchase if it were not worth your time and effort. Students have to visualize the end game. Understand...
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...* A man loves his sweetheart the most, his wife the best, but his mother the longest. – By Irish Proverb * A man's work is from sun to sun, but a mother's work is never done. – Anonymous * A mom's hug lasts long after she lets go. – Anonymous * A mother had a slender, small body, but a large heart a heart so large that everybody's grief and everybody's joy found welcome in it, and hospitable accommodation. – By Mark Twain * A mother is a mother still, The holiest thing alive. – By Samuel Taylor Coleridge * A mother is a person who seeing there are only four pieces of pie for five people, promptly announces she never did care for pie.- By Tenneva Jordan * A mother is not a person to lean on, but a person to make leaning unnecessary.- By Dorothy Canfield Fisher * A mother is one to whom you hurry when you are troubled. – By Emily Dickinson * A mother is the truest friend we have, when trials, heavy and sudden, fall upon us; when adversity takes the place of prosperity; when friends who rejoice with us in our sunshine, desert us when troubles thicken around us, still will she cling to us, and endeavor by her kind precepts and counsels to dissipate the clouds of darkness, and cause peace to return to our hearts. – By Washington Irving * A mother understands what a child does not say. – Jewish proverb * A mother's heart is a patchwork of love. – Anonymous * A mother's love is patient and forgiving when all others are forsaking...
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...More often than not, people set goals in order to achieve or accomplish something that they believe will benefit them; however, setting goals is separate from actually achieving them. In fact, a majority of the goals people set are often abandoned or forgotten over the course of one’s life. The ones people do achieve are often a result of hard work and dedication. According to Oliver Wendell Holmes, “To reach a port we must sail, sometimes with the wind, and sometimes against it. But we must not drift or lie at anchor.” In this quote, Oliver talks about reaching a port or a goal by continuously sailing or working towards that goal, regardless of how the winds blow or what circumstances lie ahead. Furthermore, he states that on our path, we...
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...someone who has been through one of those "effective listening" or "effective communications" courses? You know who I mean - they can make eye contact, lean forward, toss in the occasional "I see" and make every outward appearance of actually being attentive. The really good ones can also paraphrase or even repeat verbatim what is that you have to say. I am not referring to the person who is seeking to listen and to paraphrase before carrying on themselves; rather, I am thinking about the person who has become highly skilled at what I call "malicious listening." The malicious listener has mastered the art of listening with a not-so-hidden motive. This person listens to prove you wrong and uses your own words to make their case. They can quote you ("you said . . . .") and quickly follow with a retort, rejoinder, or snide comment about how wrong you are. Indeed, they are skillful at "reloading." The only problem with this kind of listening is that very little actual listening actually takes place. Surely you have had the experience of someone who can repeat back what you said and completely miss the message. They can be incredibly adept at using your words against you. They...
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...Language Essay Ryan Butler Psychology 360 August 29, 2011 Professor Newlin LANGUAGE Have you ever wondered how we speak? How about why our communication is considered a language and other animal’s communication is not considered language? A wide range of beliefs exist on what defines language. Thus, by exploring the definition of language and lexicon, evaluating language’s key features, the four levels of language structure and processing, and the role of language in Cognitive Psychology, an understanding of what language is becomes clear. Let us begin by defining language and a term named lexicon. LANGUAGE AND LEXICON DEFINITION One big question, when the subject of language comes up, is exactly what language is. What constitutes something as a language? By explaining one definition of a language, and a term associated with language, called a lexicon, a definition of language transpires. Thus, the Willingham (2007) text mentions four certain characteristics communication must possess to, officially, be considered a language. One of these characteristics is that language must be communicative, and thus be communication between individuals in some form or another. Secondly, the symbols standing for words must be arbitrary, and thus have no reason for representing a word. Third, a language must be structured, and not arbitrary. For example, if I say a dog was walking on a sidewalk I cannot say a sidewalk was walking on a dog. etc. Fourth, a language must be...
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...be directly given by faith. Anne’s religious views went against the beliefs of the Puritan orthodox views. Their beliefs were that people must live according to the Bible’s commands by performing good deeds. Anne did this knowing that her actions angered the broader community. Even after all the rivalry, her followers still grew in numbers. Sadly, the time came when the community sought revenge and declared that Anne Hutchison was a threat and danger to Massachusetts. Governor Winthrop charged Anne with sedition and hearsay. In November 1637, Anne was questioned by the well-known Governor Winthrop. He accused her of defaming the ministries beliefs’ with her teachings. Having a strong will and confidence, Anne challenged Winthrop using quotes by Titus to support her arguments. Winthrop chose no to respond to her accusations. She also defended herself by stating that it was the duty of mature women to guide and teach the younger males and females. According to Anne, her religious beliefs came directly form God. Thus proving in Anne’s own words, that she was a true heretic. Pregnant and suffering form stress, Anne Hutchison was excommunicated from the Church of Boston on March 22, 1638. Furthermore, she was banished from living in the Bay Colony. Anne Hutchison, William Hutchison, their children, and their servants packed-up and moved to Aquidneck Island in Rhode Island. They moved along with 60-70 followers, who were also excommunicated and banished by the court. The journey...
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...Helen Keller may be the world's most famous ‘supercrip’. Very few people can claim to have "overcome" disability so thoroughly and spectacularly. A blind and deaf wild child at the age of 7, she became, by the time she published The Story of My Life at 22, one of Radcliffe's most successful and polished students, fluent in Latin, Greek, German, French and (not least) English--not to mention three versions of Braille (English, American, New York Point) and the manual alphabet in which her renowned teacher Anne Sullivan first communicated with her. But let me dispense with the scare quotes for a moment. Helen Keller is famous--and justly so--precisely because she did, in many respects, overcome the physical impairments of deafness and blindness, as well as the formidable social obstacles facing people with disabilities at the end of the nineteenth century. Her story retains its power to startle and inspire even now, just as Anne Sullivan's story remains among the most startling and inspiring tales in the history of pedagogy. Keller's story is also a member of the genre of disability autobiographies in which the writing of one's life story takes on the characteristics of what the philosopher J.L. Austin called "performative" utterances: The primary function of The Story of My Life, in this sense, is to let readers know that its author is capable of telling the story of her life. The point is hardly a trivial one. Helen Keller was dogged nearly all her life by the charge that she...
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...on a social order for the good of the community and to promote commerce. How members of the social community conduct themselves will impact other members both for the good and sometimes for the bad. Essentially, this is a “limited duty” all members have to other members to be “reasonably” careful in their conduct to avoid injury to others. When the duty implicit in the circumstances is breached and injury to another occurs, the injured person may recover damages to compensate them for their harm by proving that the conduct of the person causing the harm was negligent. Negligence rules attempt to strike a balance between properly compensating people for their injuries and protecting society and its members from frivolous claims. As Oliver Wendell Holmes said, “To hold that a person does every voluntary act at his peril, and must insure others against all of the consequences that may occur in the world, in most instances, be an intolerably heavy burden upon human activity.” Whether conduct is negligent has its genesis in the circumstances the actors find themselves in and the standard of conduct of the...
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...R outledge Revision: Questions & Answers Jurisprudence 2011–2012 Each Routledge Q&A contains approximately 50 questions on topics commonly found on exam papers, with answer plans and comprehensive suggested answers. Each book also offers valuable advice as to how to approach and tackle exam questions and how to focus your revision effectively. New Aim Higher and Common Pitfalls boxes will also help you to identify how to go that little bit further in order to get the very best marks and highlight areas of confusion. And now there are further opportunities to hone and perfect your exam technique online. New editions publishing in 2011: Civil Liberties & Human Rights Commercial Law Company Law Constitutional & Administrative Law Contract Law Criminal Law Employment Law English Legal System Routledge Q&A series Equity & Trusts European Union Law Evidence Family Law Jurisprudence Land Law Medical Law Torts For a full listing, visit http://www.routledge.com/textbooks/revision R outledge Revision: Questions & Answers Jurisprudence 2011–2012 David Brooke Senior Lecturer in Law and Module Leader in Jurisprudence at Leeds Metropolitan University Fifth edition published 2011 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN Simultaneously published in the U S A and Canada by Routledge 270 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2011...
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...ENGLISH HANDBOOK -“Welcome to my evil lair…” -Mr. Braiman Brooklyn High School of the Arts www.mrbraiman.com http://handbook.mrbraiman.com “EVIL” Welcome to my evil classroom lair. In order to become full-fledged evil “minions,” you need to read this handbook carefully. It explains everything you need to know. “English,” as you may know, is shorthand for “English Language Arts.” Being that we are in an Arts school, but one where academics must and always do come first, it is important that we approach the subject as what it is: an art form. How does one study the arts? What exactly do we do when we study drawing, sculpture, music, or dance? Well, anyone who has studied the arts will tell you that studying the arts essentially involves two things: • Learning about, and developing an awareness of and appreciation for, existing works of art in that particular form; • Developing the skills and techniques associated with the art form, in order to create our own works. In the case of language arts, much like any other art form, we will be studying existing works of art (i.e., reading books, stories and poems), and developing the skills to produce our own (i.e., writing). That’s what English Language Arts is. We will also be preparing ourselves for New York State’s Regents Comprehensive Examination in English, which we’ll all be taking in June. This two-day, six-hour, four-part exam requires no specific knowledge or content, but it does require the skills to listen, read,...
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...Thank you for downloading this free PDF version of 101 Ways to Succeed in Selling by Greg Gore. Please share this PDF file with your friends and colleagues. The following pages are an exact duplicate of the book, including the cover. This PDF version contains navigating links and bookmarks. To go to a chapter, click on the bookmark or use the navigation link by clicking on the chapter title on the Contents page (PDF page 6). To order a printed copy of the book at $4.80 including shipping and handling, call 1-800-772-9472 or print and mail or fax the order form included as the last page of this file. Greg Gore’s email address is gg@GregGore.com. Now, enjoy the book! 101 Ways to Succeed in Selling by Greg Gore © 2001 by Praxis International, Inc., All rights reserved. 101 ways to succeed in selling “Everyone lives by selling something.” —Robert Louis Stevenson greg gore About the Book One common denominator of successful people is that they know how to sell themselves. In this brief, to-the-point book, you’ll learn 101 ways to be successful in selling yourself, a product, service, or an idea. The ideas, methods and techniques presented are so easy to apply you can start using them today. And, they’re so effective you’ll want to continue to use them for a lifetime. 101 ways to succeed in selling is small enough to keep in your briefcase or on your desk. Review the ideas often and apply them at every opportunity. Remember, the ideas will...
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...chapter 10 the international context There never were, since the creation of the world, two cases exactly parallel. Philip Dormer Stanhope (1694–1773); English Secretary of State INTRODUCTION firms move out of their domestic market on to the Aswith differinglanguage, arenas.system, technologicalinternational stage, they aretofaced business The nations they expand to can vary with regard consumer behavior, legal infrastructure, business culture, educational system, labor relations, political ideology, distribution structures and fiscal regime, to name just a few. At face value, the plurality of the international context can seem daunting. Yet, the question is how important the international differences are for firms operating across borders. Do firms need to adapt to the international diversity encountered, or can they find ways of overcoming the constraints imposed by distinct national systems, structures and behaviors? This matter of understanding and dealing with international variety is one of the key topics for managers operating across borders. A second question with regard to the international context is that of international linkages – to what extent do events in one country have an impact on what happens in other countries? When a number of nations are tightly linked to one another in a particular area, this is referred to as a case of international integration. If, on the other hand, there are very weak links between developments in one country and developments...
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