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INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY MALAYSIACOURSE OUTLINE | | Kulliyyah / Institute | Engineering | Department / Centre | Electrical and Computer Engineering | Programme | B. Engg (Communications Engineering) | Name of Course / Mode | Antennas and Wave Propagation | Course Code | ECE 4126 | Name (s) of Academic staff / Instructor(s) | Md. Rafiqul Islam | Rationale for the inclusion of the course / module in the programme | Required course for Communications Engineering Programme | Semester and Year Offered | Every semester | Status | Core | Level | 4 | Proposed Start Date | Semester 1, 2014-2015 | Batch of Student to be Affected | | Total Student Learning Time (SLT) | Face to Face | Assessments | Independent Learning | Total Student Learning Time | Lecture | | Discussion | Midterm | Quizzes | Assignment | Final | | | 42 | | | 2 | 2 | 12 | 3 | 63 | 124 | | Credit Value / Hours | 3/124 | Pre-requisites (if any) | ECE 3225 | Co-requisites (if any) | None | Course Objectives | The objectives of this course are to: 1. To develop a good understanding of the Antenna, its radiations, gain and other characteristics. 2. To expose the students for the design and application of commonly used antennas as well as special type of antennas. 3. To develop a basic understanding of the characteristics of electromagnetic wave propagation and its applications as a foundation for radio communication engineering. | Learning Outcomes | Upon completion of this course, students should be able to: 1. Analyze field patterns, directivity and radiation resistances for various types of antennas. 2. Design commonly used antennas as well as special type of antennas. 3. Apply the antennas to develop the concepts of RADAR. 4. Predict and estimate the free space link budget and fading on a terrestrial radio link. | Transferable Skills: | Skills and how they are developed and assessed: Skills | Development | Assessment | Technical | Lectures and Design | Assignment and Written Assessment | Analytical | Project | Report | | Teaching-Learning and assessment strategy | Lectures, assignments and quizzes | Course Synopsis | Antennas: definition, types, radiation, and current distribution. Basic antenna parameters. Fields due to dipole and loop antennas. Array antennas: linear, planar, circular. Line sources. Slot, patch, microstrip, horn, aperture and reflector antennas. Radar equation. Radio wave propagation: Friis formula, mechanism of propagation, free space loss and fading. Terrestrial foundation and link budget. | Mode of Delivery | Lectures and Assignments | Assessment Methods and Type/Course AssessmentState weightage of each type of assessment. | LO | Method | % | 1,2,3,4,5 | Quizzes | 15 | 1,2,3 | Assignments | 10 | 1,2,3 | Mid-term | 25 | 1,2,3,4,5 | Final Examination | 50 | | Mapping of course / module to the Programme Learning Outcomes | Learning Outcome of the course | Programme Outcomes | | 01 | 02 | 03 | 04 | 05 | 06 | 07 | 08 | 09 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 1. Analyze field patterns, directivity and radiation resistances for various types of antennas. | | | | | | | | | | | | | 2. Design commonly used antennas as well as special type of antennas. | | | | | | | | | | | | | 3. Apply the antennas to develop the concepts of RADAR. | | | | | | | | | | | | | 4. Predict and estimate the free space link budget and fading on a terrestrial radio link. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Content outline of the course / module and the SLT per topic | | Weeks | | Topics | Learning Hours | Task/Reading | 1, 2 | Antenna basics: basic antenna parameters, patterns, beam area, radiation intensity, beam efficiency, directivity and gain, antenna apertures, effective height, radio communication link. Fields and antenna fields zones. Linear, elliptical and circular polarization and polarized waves, polarization matching factor. | 18 | Chapters 1, 2 | 3,4 | Electric dipole antenna: the short electric dipole, fields from oscillating dipole, near-field and far-field concepts, radiation resistance of short electric dipole, half-wave dipole antenna, radiation resistance of half-wave dipole, resonant half-wave dipoles. | 27 | Chapter 6 | 5,6 | Other Wire Antennas: Monopole-image theory, monopole antenna characteristics and applications. Dipole arrays-parasitic elements in dipole arrays, Yagi-Uda array. Loop Antenna-The small loop, general loop antenna, comparison of far fields of small loop and short dipole, radiation resistance and directivity of loop antennas. Helix-axial mode and normal mode helix antenna. Log-periodic-geometry of dipole arrays, scaling, space and angle factors and their design. | 9 | Chapter 7 | 7,8 | Aperture Antennas: Slot-slot antennas, patterns of slot antenna in flat sheets, Patch-patch and microstrip antenna. Aperture and reflector antennas. Horn antennas-horn antennas: rectangular horn antenna, conical horn antenna, ridge horn antenna. Reflector-flat sheet antenna, corner antenna, parabolic antenna | 18 | Chapter 9 | 9,10 | Arrays of point sources and array antennas: point sources and arrays of point sources, two isotropic point sources, non-isotropic point sources, linear arrays of isotropic point sources with equal amplitude and spacing, linear arrays with non-uniform amplitude distributions, broad-side, end-fire and phased arrays, array factor, linear, planar and circular array antennas | 18 | Chapter 4,5 | 11, 12 | Antenna Temperature and Radar Cross Section:Antenna temperature, system temperature, Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), Radar equation, Radar cross section, Pulse Doppler Weather Radar. | 18 | Chapter 12 | 13,14 | Wave propagation: Free space propagation, Relationship between transmitter power, antenna gains and received signal to noise ratio in free space radio link, Fresnel ellipsoids, the earth as a plane surface, the earth as a spherical surface, Ground scattering, Diffraction over spherical earth, reflection and multi-path.Mode of propagation: Ground waves, space waves, sky waves. The ionospheric layers, refractive index, virtual height, critical frequency, skip zone, skip distance, excess attenuation due to gaseous absorption, excess attenuation due cloud and rain. VHF line of sight transmission, VHF and microwave point-to-point communications link | 18 | Chapter 8, 11 |

Required references supporting the course | 1. Balanis A. Constantine (2012), Antenna Theory – Analysis and Design, 3rd Edition (Upddated) , John Wiley & Sons Inc 2. Kraus John D. (2005), Antennas – For All Applications, 3rd Edition , McGraw Hill. | Recommended references supporting the course | 1. Harish A.R. and Sachidananda M., (2007), “Antennas and Wave Propagation:, Oxford University Press. 2. Warren L. Stutzman, Gary A. Thiele (2012), “Antenna Theory and Design”, 3rd Edition, John Wiley & Sons. 3. Freeman, R. L. (2007), Radio system design for communications, 3rd edition, John Wiley & Sons Inc. 4. Salema Carlos, (2003), Microwave Radio Links – From Theory to Design, Wiley series in Telecommunications and signal processing, John Wiley & Sons. 5. Pozar David M. (2012), “Microwave Engineering”, Fourth Edition, John Wiley & Sons Inc. | Prepared by:-------------------------------------------------
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Dr Md. Rafiqul Islam ProfessorKulliyyah of Engieering | Checked by:-------------------------------------------------
Professor Othman O. KhalifaHead of Electrical and Computer Engineering DepartmentKulliyyah of Engineering | Approved by:-------------------------------------------------
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PROF. EMERITUS DATO' WIRA IR. DR. MD. NOOR BIN SALLEHDeanKulliyyah of Engineering |

Programme Learning Outcome (PO): At the end of the programme, Students are able to:

Programme Learning Outcome (PO) | MQF Domain | 1. Engineering Knowledge (T) -Apply knowledge of mathematics, sciences, engineering fundamentals and an engineering specialization to the solution of complex engineering problems; | 1 & 6 | 2. Problem Analysis (T) – Identify, formulate, research relevant literature and analyze complex engineering problems, and reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of mathematics, natural sciences and engineering sciences; | 1 & 6 | 3. Design/Development of Solutions (A) –Design solutions, exhibiting innovativeness, for complex engineering problems and design systems, components or processes that meet specified needs with appropriate consideration for public health and safety, cultural, societal, economical, ethical, environmental and sustainability issues. | 2, 3 & 6 | 4. Investigation (D) Conduct investigation into complex problems, displaying creativeness, using research-based knowledge, and research methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data, and synthesis of information to provide valid conclusions; | 2 & 6 | 5. Modern Tool Usage (A & D) -Create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and modern engineering and IT tools, including prediction and modelling, to complex engineering activities, with an understanding of the limitations; | 7 | 6. The Engineer and Society (ESSE) -Apply reasoning based on contextual knowledge to assess societal, health, safety, legal, cultural, contemporary issues, and the consequent responsibilities relevant to professional engineering practices. | 3 & 4 | 7. Environment and Sustainability (ESSE) -Understand the impact of professional engineering solutions in societal, global, and environmental contexts and demonstrate knowledge of and need for sustainable development; | 3 & 4 | 8. Ethics (ESSE) –Apply professional ethics with Islamic values and commit to responsibilities and norms of professional engineering code of practices. | 3 & 4 | 9. Communication (S) -Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with the engineering community and with society at large, such as being able to comprehend and write effective reports and design documentation, make effective presentations, and give and receive clear instructions; | 5 & 7 | 10. Individual and Team Work (S) -Function effectively as an individual, and as a member or leader in diverse teams and in multi-disciplinary settings. | 8 | 11. Life Long Learning (S) -Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to engage in independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of technological change. | 7 | 12. Project Management and Finance (S) -Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of engineering management and financial principles and apply these to one’s own work, as a member and/or leader in a team, to manage projects in multidisciplinary settings, and identify opportunities of entrepreneurship. | 8 |

The program learning outcomes (PO) are grouped into 5 general areas to identify the nature of the skills and capability involved. These groups are: 1. Technical (T) – essential capabilities related to traditional scientific and engineering knowledge 2. Analysis (A) – creatively working with available data and engineering tools and fundamental knowledge to correctly solve basic problem 3. Design (D) – being able to perceive the best solution for both small scale and large scale project by involving all required basic problems 4. Ethics, Safety, Society and Environment (ESSE) - giving appropriate consideration to matters pertaining to professionalism and ethics, safety, local and global society and the environment 5. Work skills (S) – being and effective communicator and effective member of a team and to appreciate the need to continuously acquired skills and abilities.

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