...November 2012 Internet Censorship of the People’s Republic of China 2000 years ago, in Qin Dynasty. The ancient Chinese Emperor Qin Shi Huang launched the infamous event "Burning of the Books". He burned all the books from the countries he conquered and thousands of Scholars were killed. Why it happened? The reason is simple, Qin Shi Huang wanted to censor any of the information either threat him or his nation. Today, the speed and the scale of the Internet development in China is incredible. However, development always accompanied with troubles. The globe is connected with the Internet. China is in front of a crossroads, a more open Internet society or another "Burning of the Internet"? The rest of the article will discuss the following points. 1. The background of the Chinese Internet censorship 2. Legal basis and requirements 3. Chinese Internet censorship measures 4. Cases of Internet censorship 5. The impact of Internet censorship 1. The background of the Chinese Internet censorship “The 23rd China Internet Development Statistics Report” released by the China Internet Network Information Center, CNNIC, in January 2009, according to the report, as the end of 2008, the number of Internet users in China had reached 298 million people, the number of mobile Internet had reached 117.6 million people. Internet penetration rate is 22.6%. Chinese netizens more than the United States, are the highest in the world. Internet users in China mainly use the Internet...
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...of 2011. By now, China has about a 38.3% Internet penetration rate, an increase of 3 percentage points compared with last year. China's web culture and regulatory environment remain very different from those of other countries, and there are many unique characteristics of China’s Netizens. 70% of the Chinese users are under 30 years of age; they are the new “Shopaholic S”. But they usually do not pay for any software or eBook online, only for physical commodity and some games. Computer users can easily pirate software for less than $2, or download software like Tomato Garden free of charge. In addition, PC games are relatively easy to pirate and download for free; So many teenagers would do this rather than buy a game. The Chinese users can almost get everything from the Internet, including the best-selling novel, latest movie, music or software by totally free. It sounds that this “free Internet environment” provides Chinese users with “great convenient”, but it’s not. Network tort already became increasingly pressing issue in China since this illegal download has hurt more and more people’s rights. For example, Baidu, China’s biggest search engine, known for illegal downloads, involved in a lawsuit about copyright tort for one of its functions called “Baidu Library”, which allow people to upload and download literature for free. Thunder also is involved in similar lawsuit for supporting free downloads of movies and software. Actually, such " encroach copyright issue...
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...Introduction The report focuses the controversial topic of SOPA and PIPA. In the report, we will introduce the aims of the two bills and debate whether they are reasonable or not. In the end of discussion, we come to the conclusion that the two should not be passed. Both of the supporter and oppose will provide their reasons. And each of them will attack his/her rival’s argument. The aims of SOAP and PIPA The aim of SOPA The full name of SOPA is Stop Online Privacy Act. It is a United States bill which is attempt by lawmakers to combat online privacy and intellectual property theft. The bill is divided into two sections: “Combating Online Privacy” and “Additional Enhancements to Combat Intellectual Property Theft”. The main aim of SOPA is that give the judicial departments of United States more rights to fight online trafficking in copyrighted intellectual property and counterfeit goods in other areas and other countries. “Combating Online Privacy” attempts to provide tools to law enforcement. “Additional Enforcements to Combat Intellectual Property Theft” clarifies criminal law as applied to intellectual property rights. With the protection of SOPA, lawmakers want to encourage new writings, research, products and services. Because in the old day American inventors, authors, and entrepreneurs have been forced to stand by and watch as their works are stolen by foreign infringers beyond the reach of current U.S. law. As the time goes by, more and more people lose the...
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...Business, Government and Society Final Group Project (G5) Title of Assignment: Food Safety Issues in China and Taiwan Should Producers Be Solely Responsible for Food Safety Issues? Date of submission: 26 March 2012 Table of Content 1. Introduction 2. China Food Scandal 3. Analysis of China’s case 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Conflict: Business vs. Business Conflict: Business vs. Government Conflict: Society vs. Government Implementations and Critique 4. Taiwan Food Scandal 5. Analysis of Taiwan’s case 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Business Government Consumers Implementations and Critique 6. Alternative Solutions 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 Changing the business culture by incentivizing ethical practices 2-Prong approach Improve information symmetry Develop a systematic approach for food scandals 7. Conclusion 8. Appendix 9. References 1. Introduction In recent years, the world has seen many cases of food safety issues, especially in Asia and the effects are global. Our group has chosen China and Taiwan as our two main countries for analysis: China is one of the world’s largest exporters of food products and food safety issue is pertinent; Taiwan’s food products are exported to 15 major countries such as U.S., China, Germany, Hong Kong, and Malaysia (Wang, 2011), thus food safety issue is serious as well. If these hazardous products were circulated to different countries, the consequences would be widespread. This report provides the background information, analysis of the problem...
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...year or years until sexual maturity. After that, they return to the original birthplace to spawn. After ten years, now, just as salmon migrate to give birth to their offspring, so too are many Chinese mothers traveling great distances to America to give birth. They are known as “salmon mommas”. They produce Americans in order to let their children enjoy more than 180 countries visa-free entry, free compulsory education for 13 years and every kind of perfect social service. It seems like they have plenty of reasonable explanations for giving birth in the United States. First, the one-child policy must be the very primary reason for that behavior. Most Chinese families will plan to conceive again, resulting from the tradition preference for sons over daughters. But because of the banning of policy, those couples who can afford the high price choose to give birth abroad, which also create a new industry. Second, another attractive reason must be the citizenship in United States. According to the law of the United States, every person born within the dominions and allegiance of the United Stated, whatever the situation of his parents, is a natural born citizen. (Stock, Margaret) As we all know, it takes at least 6 to 7 years to become a citizen of America, and the older the longer. So, Chinese parents produce American children in the view of helping their kids enjoy the rights of every American, as well as be hopeful of getting citizenships for themselves someday. (Graglia, Lino) ...
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...don't want to buy the full licensed softwares. In order to have a accurate percentage of software piracy rate, BSA (business software alliance) made a research about it. The result of the piracy rate research made the researchers shocked. On the BSA's piracy study on 2011, total worldwide software piracy rate is up to 42% (Business Software Alliance, 2011) . Software piracy has become an increasing global problem to businesses and software developers in the world during the past two decades (Shin, Gopal, Sanders, & Whinston, 2004). The software industry suffers billions dollar losses because of software piracy (Bass, 2011). There' s no denying that U.S. is generally considered as the world leader in the software industry, but America' s illegal software market is worth 9 billion dollars in 2011, which is the top 1 economy in commercial value of pirated PC software (BSA, 2011). The problem of piracy diminishes revenues and lessens investment in research and development, threatening the long term benefit of the software industry. According to the Software and Information Industry Association, the worldwide revenue of business-based PC applications was $21.6 billion in 1999, but global revenue losses due to piracy in the business application software market were calculated at $12 billion (Shin, Gopal, Sanders, & Whinston, 2004). These statistics showed the losses attributed to piracy go beyond more than 50% of revenues, and the world piracy...
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...6) Throughout the world there has been an increase in discussions regarding “Censorship of the Internet”, explain how Censorship can work in some instances but in others it can be a detriment to society. Introduction Since electronic devices such as computer, smart phone and tablet have generalised and the number of internet users is getting bigger, internet contains tremendous amount of information from trivial one to even significant information that could occur a social problem. Every information is exposed through the internet and people could touch those information easily. As these reasons, government wants to control and monitor the internet access in many nations, including North Korea, Iraq, China, Myanmar, Syria, Turkey, Vietnam, Uzbekistan, Maldives, and Tunisia so on. This, government control or suppression of what can be gain access to, distributed, or watched on the internet, is called internet censorship. The definition of internet censorship is a way used by government or religious institutions to supervise or regulate the public access to offensive or harmful materials (Turban, 2012) This topic is very sensitive subject to decide whether it should exist or not. There is a sharp division of belief between people who approve and disapprove. This report is going to illustrate how the censorship works by some method, why the internet censorship is necessary, and the disadvantages of internet censorship, finally it talks about examples and current situation...
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...Google China – Ethical Issues The Business Environment March 07, 2011 Table of Contents Preface 3 Google 4 Background 4 Google’s Philosophy 4 Google China 5 Ethical Issues 6 Conclusion 9 Annexure 10 References 10 Chinese Business Culture 10 The Great Firewall of China 11 Events Timeline 12 Preface This paper focuses on the Ethical issues pertaining to Google’s position in China around 2006. Google has been criticized for supporting the Chinese government censor policy and aiding them by restricting the anti-government information within China. Google in its quest to gain market share entered the Chinese market adhering to the Chinese government censorship policies. Google’s approach at that point in time was certainly against its corporate values and mission, hence unethical. However events of 2010 have forced Google to revisit its position and are resulted in redirecting its search engine traffic to Hong Kong. The paper provides a brief background to the Google, Chinese business culture, censorship policies in China and Google’s approach to enter the Chinese market. Later sections of the paper look at the ethical and unethical practices of Google in line with its corporate value, mission and strategies. Google Background Since its inception in 1996, Google has grown by leaps and bounds. From offering search in a single language it now offer dozens of products and services in many different languages. Starting from two computer science...
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...where governments around the world have attempted to address the issue of illegal material, political propaganda, harmful material or content deemed unsuitable for children. This essay will discuss the instances of internet censorship failing to work, including when governments have attempted to introduce legislation to restrict access to the internet, and the reasons for the failure. Censorship across the globe will be briefly covered as well as techniques governments which have filters in place use to censor information. Many countries practice internet censorship, where the internet is tightly controlled and speaking your mind on it can get you in serious trouble with the government. According to USA Today, North Korea has the most tightly controlled internet , with all websites being under control by their government. It is so tight that only 4% of the population has access to the internet. Appendix A shows how accessible the internet is in countries. Another highly controlling country is China, where the government severely restricts internet access to their citizens by blocking social media websites such as Facebook, Twitter and Youtube and opting government controlled social media websites such as RenRen which is designed to look, feel and do exactly what Facebook does, but in doing so cuts the population off from the rest of the world to censor worldwide interaction within the country. The Chinese government even extended this control to the search engine Google, forcing...
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...confidence, and population spread to make them hold-outs in a world that is increasingly homogenous, and those are India and China. Both are attractive in different ways for Westerners seeking experience living and working in a different culture. China, the subject of this report, attracts foreigners by its past and present profile: an old eastern culture that is rapidly rising to take its place among the world’s greatest modern civilizations, a stature that is all the more intriguing given the way it is blazing its own path in terms of the social contract. Do not be dissuaded by an element of bad press in the West; news tends to wallow in the alternative reality of political drama, while the realities on the street are something quite else. Chinese people are indeed largely welcoming and open, and opportunities abound for the astute. Yet China is not easy. Strange food, different ways of doing things, different social contracts and expectations, uneven levels of development and modernity, and the widespread inability to communicate in English all combine to make China a hard country to move to. But for those who brave the adversities, and immerse themselves into China, the rewards are undeniable—at the very least you learn something about different ways of seeing and something about a culture that has been innovative throughout much of its history. POLLUTION Pollution is one aspect of the broader topic of environmental...
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...Internet Censorship: Is it American People can access many different sites on the internet. Some are nice and cheery, and some are rude and crude. If anyone wants to see the stats on their favorite football team, no problem, go to their team’s site. Want to look up how to care for your sick dog, no problem, go to the veterinary site. Want to know how to overthrow the government, no problem, go to the anarchist site. Ever wondered what it looks like when a terrorist saws off someone’s head with a pocket knife? Is this a problem? “Censorship is the moral or legislative process by which society ‘agrees’ to limit what an individual can do, say, think, or see.” (Depken, Craig) There may be subjects on the internet that may offend or may be downright immoral to most people, and this is possibly a reason for the government to jump in and censor what people can see on the internet. This is because not everything on the internet is good or whether the majority of people think that the all the material is moral. This means that there should be some guideline for people on the internet. Politics are hot topics for many countries but it seems their need to censor the political sites may be due to their insecurity. Pornography has been a popular target for censors with some justification but there should be no blanket rule for it. Racism is another topic that has been blocked in many countries and this is something that should be studied closely to ensure that when...
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...Alibaba Goes Public I. Executive Summary Alibaba competes in the e-commerce industry with a focus in China. The main service offering in the e-commerce industry is to provide an online marketplace that links buyers and sellers across a wide breadth of product lines. The ability to connect buyers and sellers on an accessible platform allows market constituents to engage in trade opportunities to which they previously would not have access. II. Key Factors Alibaba Group had the pioneer advantage and gained a significant share of the Chinese e-commerce industry. Its core value proposition of connecting “small and medium-sized Chinese manufacturers” has been dramatically revised as a result of the business’ rapid growth to suffice customer needs. Categorizing their business units according to the profile of the vendor, the Alibaba Group has established market exclusivity in an effort to segment their vast consumer market. Segmenting their market allowed the firm to expand their consumer base, while strategically positioning themselves competitively and avoiding the risk of cannibalization across their services. To support the large extent of commerce, the business units are supported by peripheral services, Alipay and Yu’e Bao, which structure Alibaba’s main service offering. Alibaba Group strengthened the value of their existing service offerings by providing an escrow service, Alipay, to reduce the risk of online purchasing. This supporting service is a response to the...
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...endangered list. According to Richard Farinato (in The Humane Society of the United States, www.hsus.org), wild and exotic animals are favorable vectors for diseases and parasites, often the outbreak of diseases cause the death of a mass of animals. If this situation is continue without any resolution, these animals might become extinct. Because there are no concerns to the needs of the animals, the livelihood will decrease rapidly, and eventually they might not be able to live on Earth. Recently the Indonesian government came up with a plan – rent out the tigers so as to raise fund to save Sumatran Tigers. Many doubt that whether the government is really saving the tigers or are just taking benefit from them. It was reported in the website, MSNBC that a deposit of one billion rupiah which is about $107,000 USD will be charged to rent a pair of tiger...
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...This digital piracy causes big problems to the software, videogame, music and movie industries. Digital piracy is basically the production and purchase of counterfeit material at a discounted rate. This digital piracy is constantly flowing between our internet networks from one person to another. Digital piracy goes all the way back to the 1990’s when the computers came into the picture and when the internet was made available to the public use. Traditional media piracy was basically the copying of discs or floppy’s that were sold in retail stores all over the world. In the beginning, the media companies as well as the Chinese government did not pay much attention to digital piracy, which made it easier for these digital pirates to create these illegal copies and spread it in large numbers. From this point on, piracy grew at a tremendous rate in the Chinese culture. In the later part of the 90’s when computers and all the other digital products began to play a big role in the daily life of people as well as businesses, traditional piracy continued to grow. As a result the number of piracy retailers also grew and a lot...
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...mentioned in this chapter. This crime falls under the second category because the computer is being used as a tool to commit a crime. They use the computers to sell illegal content over the internet. Critical Thinking: Sex trafficking is a major issue. Review Questions: 1. Cybercrime is the use of computers and other like technologies to commit crimes. 2. Cybercrime: All digital crimes. Traditional Crime: All non-digital crimes. 3. a. Fraud – this can now be accomplished from your computer by hacking emails and other people’s computers and getting innocent peoples personal information to steal and identity or money. b. Terrorism – Now with the advancement of computer hacking, hackers are able to access restricted networks and gain a wealth of top secret information from various governments around the world. c. Illegal Gambling – This went from playing in the back room at a Chinese Laundromat to being able to gamble illegally right from your home computer or cell phone. 4. d. Category one: Computer used as target of the crime. This includes: Hacking, botnetting, DoS/DDoS, or virsuses/Trojans/worms. e. Category two: Computer used as the tool to commit crime. This includes: Copyright infringement, phishing, cyberbullying of any kind, illegal gambling. 5. Hacking a website and holding it hostage from the original host, also changing files and other things on the site. 6. Malware causes damage to a computer or invades a computer...
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