...will weigh it and we will also weigh the product of the reaction, Magnesium Oxide. If magnesium is heated in open air, its reaction with oxygen is fast. We can slow down the reaction by limiting the supply of oxygen that reaches the magnesium; we do that by putting a cover on the crucible that contains the magnesium sample. magnesium + oxygen → magnesium oxide (a) 2Mg(s) + O2(g)⇒ 2MgO(s) magnesium + nitrogen →...
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...Test tube - use for combining chemicals Crucible - used to head substances at a very high temperature Pipette - used for accurate measurement of substances Wire gauze - used to spread heat Burette - measures volume of solution Clay triangle- wire frame with porcelain used to support the crucible Forceps- used to hold small amount of solution Graduated cylinder - measure approximate volume Graduated pipette - measure solution's volume Condenser - used in distillation Wash glasses - holding small samples or for covering beakers Wash bottles - used to dispense water Tong- used to pick large amount of solution Mortar and Pestle - used to grind paste or powder Beakers are useful as a reaction container or to hold liquid or solidsamples. They are also used to catch liquids from titration andfiltrates from filtering operations. Used to measure approximatevolume. Volumetric flasks are used to measure precise volumes of liquid or to make precise dilutions. Glass funnels are for funneling liquids from one container to another or for filtering when equipped with filter paper Clay triangles are placed on a ring attached to a ring stand as asupport for a funnel, crucible, or evaporating dish Bunsen burners are sources of heat plastic syringe - measures small volumes of liquid. gas syringe- it is usually made of glass. test tube holder - it holds a test tube. test tube brush – use in cleaning the test tube erlenmeyer flask - used in applications...
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...NATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS CURRICULUM SUPPORT Chemistry A Practical Guide Support Materials [REVISED ADVANCED HIGHER] [pic] The Scottish Qualifications Authority regularly reviews the arrangements for National Qualifications. Users of all NQ support materials, whether published by Education Scotland or others, are reminded that it is their responsibility to check that the support materials correspond to the requirements of the current arrangements. Acknowledgement © Crown copyright 2012. You may re-use this information (excluding logos) free of charge in any format or medium, under the terms of the Open Government Licence. To view this licence, visit http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/ or e-mail: psi@nationalarchives.gsi.gov.uk. Where we have identified any third party copyright information you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned. Any enquiries regarding this document/publication should be sent to us at enquiries@educationscotland.gov.uk. This document is also available from our website at www.educationscotland.gov.uk. Contents Introduction 5 Chemical analysis 6 Qualitative and quantitative analysis 6 Volumetric analysis 6 Gravimetric analysis 14 Colorimetric analysis 17 Organic techniques 22 Introduction 22 Preparation 22 Isolation 24 Purification 29 Identification 33 Percentage yield 37 Errors 39 Accuracy and precision 39 Repeatability and reproducibility...
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...every piece of literature must have a beginning, middle, and end. Aelius Donatus further developed this theory into the three-act structure common today, calling the sections protasis, epitasis, and catastrophe. Famous authors like Shakespeare expanded the original divisions into a five-act structure comprised of an exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and denouement. Although it was a four act play, Arthur Miller, author of The Crucible, utilized the five-act structure to further develop his plot. The exposition of a five-act structure introduces the setting, main characters, and conflict of a literary work. The audience gains critical information that is crucial for understanding the...
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...The Crucible Essay To begin with, a crucible is a place or situation in which concentrated forces interact to cause or influence change or development. The title signifies the suffering and hardship that the town goes through. The town the story takes place in is governed by a theocracy. Everything that happened in the book, all the events that led up to the execution of many innocent lives and led up to the breaking apart of the theocracy that the town was used to contribute to make a difficult time or situation, which is a crucible. The story takes place in Salem, Massachusetts Man’s word is worthless against harsh judgment. With the false evidence and the corrupting lies, there will be only one who will try to fight for freedom and break free from the Law’s powerful hold. First and Foremost, Reverend Samuel Parris is worried about his reputation, and along with that comes tremendous paranoia. He is a busybody and has a sense of purposefulness. Parris is an immensely paranoid character. The importance he places on reputation creates for him a considerable amount of paranoia. This paranoia is evident many times throughout the play. In the opening scene, Parris is speaking with Abigail about his recent discovery of her in the forest. He discovered his daughter and niece dancing in the forest, an activity that is prohibited. Dancing is not only frowned upon but it is seen as associated with witchcraft. He is immediately concerned about himself. His daughter is sick...
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..."The Crucible" by Arthur Miller was very interesting,...
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...Authority is Power – Crucible Essay Is authority power that is given to an individual? Or must that individual earn their respectful status with no faults? When does the power given begin to become too much for an individual to regulate? An individual with a lot of power over a certain group or person may misuse their authority in negative ways. Many figures of authority misuse their powerful influence over other individuals which can negatively impact the lives of others or even themselves. A number of people with authority tend to misuse their powerful influence over a group of individuals, as seen in the play The Crucible by Arthur Miller. Many characters with power try to maintain their respectable reputations but along the way end up dissipating the authority they have. Other characters misuse their positions of power over certain individuals for personal gain such as love and for wealth and land. Individuals with respectable authority tend to misuse their power in hopes of maintaining their idea of a perfect reputation. Reverend Parris is known as the town reverend, a title with power and high expectations. He has power over the town due to his title but he misuses the power he has over his slave from Barbados, Tituba. Once Parris discovered that Tituba was present in the woods with the girls dancing, he felt as though she were responsible. He used his power, as her boss, to threaten Tituba into giving information as he asks her “who? Who? Their names, their names”...
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...substances. And also predict whether a reaction occurs and to write net ionic equations. Substances such as NaCl and K2SO4 are called electrolytes. The other substances such as sucrose which doesn’t produce ions in aqueous solutions are called non electrolytes. Electrolytes can be further divided into two groups: strong electrolytes and weak electrolytes. Strong electrolytes dissociate to a large extent into ions when dissolved in water and weak electrolytes that are partially ionized. Equations and Mechanisms: Net Ionic Equations: AB+XY AY+XB The Ohms law : G(S)= 1/R=I(A)/V(V) Apparatus and Supplies: Balance, two crucibles and lids, Bunsen burner , cobalt(II) chloride hexahydrate (CoCl2x6H20), an unknown hydrate. Chemicals: Outline of experimental procedure: Part 1 A know hydrate CoCl2x6h20: * Obtain 20mL for each of the solutions list in the data and report sheet. * Obtain a calibrate a conductivity meter. * Rinse the electrode in deionized water and use a paper towel to dry it. * Dip the electrode into the solution. * When the display is stabilizes record the conductance reading. Mark SE-strong electrolytes, WE- weak electrolytes, NE-non electrolytes. * Wash the beaker with tap water and then deionized. Make sure the conductivity meter in deionized water has a zero. * Test the next solutions. Part 2 Effects of concentration on conductance: Similar steps in Part 1. Part (III) testing how chemicals reaction affect conductance * Dip the...
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...2012 – 2013 INTEL PHILIPPINE SCIENCE FAIR RESEARCH PLAN Required for All Projects To be Submitted to IRB/SRC before the Experimentation Begins Joshua Garcia Bullago Life Science II Name Cluster Category Baguio City National High School School Fair Division (074) 444 26 45 Cor. Gov. Pack Rd., Baguio City School Address Tel. No. NEUTRALIZING MIXTURE Title of Project Mrs. Juliet Herreria-Ilustre Project Adviser The research plan must include the following: A) Problem/s: 1. General Objective: The study aims to neutralize weak and strong acidic solutions using mixture of ashes of banana leaves, banana peelings and potato peelings. 2. Specific Objectives: a. What is the pH of the weak and strong acidic solutions after incorporating mixture of ashes of banana leaves, banana peelings and potato peelings? b. Which of the following mixture of different amounts of ashes of banana leaves, banana peelings and potato peelings will best neutralize the pH of the acidic solutions? c. How long will the neutralization take effect on the pH of the acidic solutions once the mixture of ashes of banana leaves, banana peelings and potato peelings is incorporated to the solutions? B) Hypothesis/Objectives: 1. The neutralization of pH of acidic solutions using mixture of different amounts...
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...Confessions of Charlotte Doyle------Avi B · The Syrena Legacy-----Anna Banks Of Poseidon Of Triton Of Neptune · Peter Pan-------J.M Barrie · Six of Crows----- Leigh Barugo Sx of Crows Crooked Kigdom · Dark Water---Georgia Blain · Anna----Kendare Blake Anna Dressed in Blood Girl of Nightmares · The Darkest minds-----Alexandra Bracken The Darkest Minds Never Fade In the Afterlight · Fahrenheit 451-----Ray Bradbury^^^^ · Red Rising-----Pierce Brown C · House of Night----- P.C Cast Marked Betrayed Chosen Untamed Hunted Tempted Burned Awakened Destined Revealed Redeemed Kalona’ Fall (If possible, get the hardback books with the paper cover for the House of Night series.. B/C on the back of the paper cover is a poster.. I want to collect them.. If not, that's cool) · The Mortal Instruments----Cassandra Clare^^^^ City of Bones City of Ashes City of Glass City of Fallen of Angels City of Lost Souls City of Heavenly Fire · Nevermore-----Kelly Creagh Nevermore Enshadowed Oblivion · Catherine, Called Birdy------Karen Cushman D · The Maze Runner series-----James Dashner^^^^ The Maze Runner The Scorch...
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...Purpose How do we determine the reaction type and write a balanced equation for chemical reactions? Background Discussion There are many kinds of chemical reactions and several ways of classifying them. One popular and useful method is to classify reactions into five major types. These are: (1) synthesis, (2) decomposition, (3) single replacement, (4) double replacement, and (5) combustion. Most reactions can be put into one of these categories. In a synthesis reaction, two or more substances (elements or compounds) combine to form a more complex substance. A decomposition reaction is exactly the opposite of a synthesis reaction. In a decomposition reaction, a compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances (elements or simpler compounds.) In a single replacement reaction, one element in a compound is replaced by a more active element. In a double replacement reaction, the positive ions of two different ionic compounds can be thought of as “replacing each other.” Most replacement reactions (both single and double) take place in aqueous solutions containing free ions. In a double replacement reaction, one of the products must be removed from the solution as a precipitate, water, or an insoluble gas. A precipitate is a solid that is produced as a result of a chemical reaction in solution. As the precipitate separates from the solution, the solution appears cloudy. In a combustion reaction a substance combines with oxygen, releasing a large amount...
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...Tragic Times In Salem Salem Witch Trials The Salem Witch Trials was a horrific event that occurred in colonial Massachusetts between the years 1692 and 1693. More than 200 people were accused of practicing witchcraft and 20 ended up being executed. Some researchers believe that there may have been other current events that were affecting the trials during the same time period. Throughout this research paper I will explain the Salem Witch Trials and show the research I have done in terms of the events that may have a connection to the event, along with other factors that may have influenced the Salem Witch Trials. In the late 16 hundreds in colonial North America, the supernatural was highly considered to be a part of everyday life. Many people were strong believers that Satan was present and active on Earth. These beliefs were first formed in Europe during the fifteenth century and later spread throughout North America. Peasants were known for often using a particular kind of witchcraft to help enhance their crops, and to benefit farming and agriculture. Over time, the idea of witchcraft transformed into a very evil act. It started to became associated with demons and evil spirits. From 1560 to 1670, witchcraft persecutions became common as superstitions became associated with the devil. Through out the colonies, the most common cause for a witch hunt was caused by young girls having a mysterious screaming fit; they would often be diagnosed as having been bewitched...
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...2007:224 CIV M ASTER’S TH E SI S Study of the reactions between iron ore slag and refractories Julien Zimmermann MSc PrograMMeS in engineering Materials Technology (eeigM) Luleå University of Technology Department of Applied Physics and Mechanical Engineering Division of Material Mechanics 2007:224 CIV • ISSN: 1402 - 1617 • ISRN: LTU - EX - - 07/224 - - SE Summary: For the fabrication of iron ore pellets at LKAB (Luossavaara-Kiirunavaara AB), one of the methods used is to sinter the pellets in a rotary kiln. This Kiln has a drift temperature of 1250°C in average. During this process a coating, causing the wear of the refractories materials, is formed, inducing expensive maintenance periods. The aim of this work is to find the reaction that takes place between the Slag and the bricks, in order to find the parameters that have to be changed to improve the bricks lifetime in the kiln. The use of bricks with higher alumina content is one of the solutions, but it is expensive. The influence of Alkalis and especially Na2O has been studied before in inert atmosphere. In this work it will be studied in air as well as the influence of the alumina content of the brick. Experiments were performed in air atmosphere, using powder samples that have been compressed into pellets. The devices used to characterize the reaction and the product of the reaction were: Kanthal furnace, X-ray diffraction (XRD), dilatometer, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry (DSC/TG)...
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...values computed. The farther the distance traveled by the compound (higher Rf), the more nonpolar the component, while the smaller the distance traveled, the more polar the component (lower Rf). Lecithin and cholesterol was not able to travel the plate. After, the isolated lipid was subjected to qualitative tests such as Acrolein test, test for phosphates, Leibermann-Burchard test and test for unsaturation. Acrolein tests determine the presence of glycerin; the test for phosphate detects phosphate groups in the structure of the lipid, Leibermann-Burchard uses cholesterol as the standard and detects the presence of steroids and terpenes. The test for unsaturation on the other hand detects the presence of double bonds through halogenation reaction. The extract contains glycerol, phosphate, cholesterol and double bonds. Errors in the experiment can be attributed to the human error, false methodology and presence of contaminant in the reagent used....
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...CHAPTER 1 SOLID WASTE – TYPES, SOURCES AND PROPERTIES Learning Objectives; At the end of this lesson, students should be able to; 1. define solid waste 2. describe different types of solid wastes 3. recognize different sources of solid wastes 4. understand and state the three physical, chemical and biological properties of solid waste 2 Introduction Solid wastes are the wastes arising from human activities and are normally solid as opposed to liquid or gaseous and are discarded as useless or unwanted. Focused on urban waste (MSW) as opposed to agricultural, mining and industrial wastes. Integrated Solid Waste Management (ISWM) is the term applied to all the activities associated with the management of society's wastes. In medieval times, wastes discarded in the streets led to the breeding of rats and the associated fleas which carried the bubonic plague. The lack of management of solid wastes thus led to the Black Plague which killed half of 14th century Europe. 22 human diseases are associated to improper solid waste management. Solid wastes also have a great potential to pollute the air and water. Mining tailings from gold and silver mines will probably being spilling arsenic into the water supply forever. Materials Flow - The best way to reduce solid wastes is not to create them in the first place. Others methods include: decrease consumption of raw material and increase the rate of recovery of waste materials. Technological advances - Increased use of plastics and...
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