INTD 103 Freehand Drawing | Elements and principles of art and design |

The elements and principles of design are the building blocks used to create a work of art. The elements of design can be thought of as the things that make up a painting, drawing, design etc. Good or bad - all paintings will contain most of if not all, the seven elements of design.The Principles of design can be thought of as what we do to the elements of design. How we apply the Principles of design determines how successful we are in creating a work of art. THE ELEMENTS OF DESIGNLINE
Line can be considered in two ways. The linear marks made with a pen or brush or the edge created when two shapes meet.SHAPE
A shape is a self contained defined area of geometric or organic form. A positive shape in a painting automatically creates a negative shape.DIRECTION
All lines have direction - Horizontal, Vertical or Oblique. Horizontal suggests calmness, stability and tranquillity. Vertical gives a feeling of balance, formality and alertness. Oblique suggests movement and action see notes on directionSIZE
Size is simply the relationship of the area occupied by one shape to that of another.TEXTURE
Texture is the surface quality of a shape - rough, smooth, soft hard glossy etc. Texture can be physical (tactile) or visual. see notes on textureCOLOUR
Also called Hue see notes on colourVALUE
Value is the lightness or darkness of a colour. Value is also called Tone see notes on tonal contrastTHE PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN
BALANCE
Balance in design is similar to balance in physics

A large shape close to the center can be balanced by a small shape close to the edge. A large light toned shape will be balanced by a small dark toned shape (the darker the shape the heavier it appears to be)GRADATION
Gradation of size and direction produce linear perspective. Gradation of of colour from