...POWER AND POLITICS Politics in work places simply put is about getting noticed and liked by the right people in other to advance up the career ladder in an organization and also to achieve position of power that confers a status of relevance in the scheme of affairs in an organization. This definition is supported by an old saying that ‘’it’s not what you know ,but who you know’’. It is upon this premise that human beings are classified as political animals and as such it is difficult to eliminate politics from workplaces.’’ While teamwork may be extolled as an organizational virtue ,in the real practice, workplaces are likely to be characterized by competition and conflicts as it is by cooperation (Fineman and Gabriel,1996). Politics is a means through which individual self-interests are pursued without regard to the their effect in the realization of the organizations objectives .Organizational politics is arguably one of the most researched concepts in the field of management’’ ( Boateng et al ,2013)the researches here are to understand the impact of organizational politics on business entities. One of these studies propagates that organizational politics may affect decision making and allocation of resources in an organization amongst other factors. Power on the other hand is the ability of a person or a group to influence others. If a person have influence, he or she is perceived as powerful. A person may hold power by having the ability to make decision, apportion...
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...International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Vol. 5, No. 2; February 2015 Assessment of National Poverty Reduction Programmes in Nigeria: A Study of National Poverty Eradication Programme (Napep) Ebonyi State Onwe, Sunday Onwe (Ph.D, Fcai) Nwakamma Michael Chibuzor Department of Public Administration Ebonyi State University Abakaliki Nigeria Abstract The paper sought to assess the National Poverty Reduction Programmes in Nigeria with specific focus on NAPEP Ebonyi State. The study became imperative based on the debilitating effects of poverty which often manifests in loss of hope, aspirations, malnutrition and sometimes sudden death. The startling 69% national poverty level and 73.6% rate in Ebonyi state is a clear indication that poverty is still very high in Nigeria. The study therefore evaluated NAPEP’s performance in the area of human capital development, infrastructure facilities, access to safe drinking water, sanitation and access to basic education which are some of the parameters for measuring poverty level. A descriptive survey design was adopted with a sample population of 400 which spread across the six local governments studied. The major instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire, which was distributed to the respondents and a total number of 380 questionnaire were duly filled and returned representing 95% of the sample population. The data collected was analyzed with statistical tables, percentage calculations...
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...onaryDictionary of Ònìchà Igbo 2nd edition of the Igbo dictionary, Kay Williamson, Ethiope Press, 1972. Kay Williamson (†) This version prepared and edited by Roger Blench Roger Blench Mallam Dendo 8, Guest Road Cambridge CB1 2AL United Kingdom Voice/ Fax. 0044-(0)1223-560687 Mobile worldwide (00-44)-(0)7967-696804 E-mail R.Blench@odi.org.uk http://www.rogerblench.info/RBOP.htm To whom all correspondence should be addressed. This printout: November 16, 2006 TABLE OF CONTENTS Abbreviations: ................................................................................................................................................. 2 Editor’s Preface............................................................................................................................................... 1 Editor’s note: The Echeruo (1997) and Igwe (1999) Igbo dictionaries ...................................................... 2 INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................................... 4 1. Earlier lexicographical work on Igbo........................................................................................................ 4 2. The development of the present work ....................................................................................................... 6 3. Onitsha Igbo ...................................................................................................
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...CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study Since the 1960s to date, small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) have been given due recognitions especially in the developed nations for playing very important roles towards fostering accelerated economic growth, development and stability within several economies (Yitzhaki, 2006). They make-up the largest proportion of businesses all over the world and play tremendous roles in employment generation, provision of goods and services, creating a better standard of living, as well as immensely contributing to the gross domestic products (GDPs) of many countries (OECD, 2000).Over the last few decades, the contributions of the SMEs sector, the development of the largest economies in the world have beamed the searchlight on the uniqueness of the SMEs; and this have succeeded in overruling previously held views that SMEs were only ―miniature versions‖ of larger companies (Al-Shaikh 1998; Gaskill et al. 1993). And although Small and Medium Enterprises have been at the center of the policy debate for quite some time in both developed and developing countries, little analytical work has been undertaken in this area.The dearth information that exists among researchers on Small and Medium Enterprises however provides a sense of how important this sector is for sustainable development in emerging economies (Medina, 2001). For instance, recent studies conducted by United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) concur that SMEs...
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...NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA COURSE CODE : BHM 303 COURSE TITLE: MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS 1 MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS (THE COURSE GUIDE) THE NEED Managerial Economics as a course required for effective resource management was put in place due to the following developments in the global business environment: (a) Growing complexity of business decision-making processes. (b) Increasing need for the use of economic logic, concept, theories, and tools of economic analysis in the process of decision-making. (c) Rapid increases in the demand for professionally trained managerial manpower. These developments have made it necessary that every manager aspiring for good leadership and achievement of organizational objectives be equipped with relevant economic principles and applications. Unfortunately, a gap has been observed in this respect among today’s managers. It is therefore the aim of this course to bridge such gap. THE COURSE OBJECTIVES On completion of the requirements of this course, students and managers alike will be expected to: 1. Understand the relative importance of Managerial Economics; 2. Know how the application of the principles of managerial economics can aid in the achievement of business objectives; 3. Understand the modern managerial decision rules and optimization techniques; 4. Be equipped with tools necessary in the analysis of consumer behaviours, as well as in forecasting product demand; 5. Be equipped with the tools for analyzing production and costs;...
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...THE MORTAL INSTRUMENTS Book Three City of Glass Margaret K. McElderry Books An imprint of Simon & Schuster Childrens Publishing Division 1230 Avenue of the Americas, New York, New York 10020 This book is a work of fiction. Any references to historical events, real people, or real locales are used fictitiously. Other names, characters, places, and incidents are products of the authors imagination, and any resemblance to actual events or locales or persons, living or dead, is entirely coincidental. Copyright Š 2009 by Cassandra Claire, LLC All rights reserved, including the right of reproduction in whole or in part in any form. Library of Congress Cataloging-inPublication Data Clare, Cassandra. City of glass / Cassandra Clare.1st ed. p. cm.(The mortal instruments; bk. 3) Summary: Still pursuing a cure for her mothers enchantment, Clary uses all her powers and ingenuity to get into Idris, the forbidden country of the secretive Shadowhunters, and to its capital, the City of Glass, where with the help of a newfound friend, Sebastian, she uncovers important truths about her familys past that will help save not only her mother but all those that she holds most dear. ISBN-13: 978-1-4391-5842-5 ISBN-10: 1-4391-5842-8 [1. SupernaturalFiction. 2. DemonologyFiction. 3. MagicFiction. 4. VampiresFiction. 5. New York (N.Y.)Fiction.] I. Title. PZ7.C5265Ckg 2009 [Fic]dc22 2008039065 Visit us on the World Wide Web: http://www...
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