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OODA

OODA merupakan kepanjangan dari Observation, Orientation, Decide, and Action yang dikembangkan oleh Kolonel Jhon R Boyd dari Angkatan Udara Amerika Serikat seorang ahli starategi pertempuran udara. OODA dikenal pula dengan istilah siklus Boyd. Menurut Kolonel Boyd, pesawat jet tempur beroperasi dan mampu menyelesaikan misinya dalam lingkungan yang dinamis dan selalu berubah, sehingga keberhasilan seorang pilot dan operasinya tergantung keputusan pilot yang membuat keputusan secara tepat, akurat, dan responsif strategis.
Pada kondisi saat ini, kondisi lingkungan bisnis sangat cepat berubah sehingga menuntut perusahaan untuk mampu melakukan maneuver bisnisnya dan bersaing. Pertarungan dan persaingan yang dihadapi diibaratkan sebagai medan perang yang mengharuskan setiap strategi menyesuaikan dengan perubahan prilaku lawan karena perusahaan dan pesaing merupakan system yang saling terkait.

Dalam Siklus Boyd terdapat beberapa tahap yaitu :
a. mengamati (observeation).
Observasi merupakan tahap pertama dalam siklus OODA. Pada tahap ini dilakukan pengumpulan informasi mengenai kondisi aktual lingkungan eksternal perusahaan, prilaku dan kecenderungan pesaing, situasi fisik, mental, dan moral, serta identifikasi kawan dan lawan potensial. Perlu ditekankan bahwa observasi bukanlah tindakan pasif, tapi merupakan tindakan aktif terpadu yang menggali seluruh informasi yang tersedia. Titik berat pencarian adalah pada data-data orientasi saat ini yang cenderung tidak dimiliki lawan. Informasi ketidaksesuaian akan memberikan pengetahuan dan pembelajaran mengenai lingkungan serta segala sesuatu yang tidak diketahui oleh lawan dan menciptakan keuntungan yang dapat dimanfaatkan
b. Orientasi
Orientasi merupakan langkah terpenting karena informasi diubah menjadi pemahaman untuk penilaian terhadap situasi dan berbagai kemungkinannya. Pada tahap ini, penggunaan informasi untuk membentuk gambaran mental dari suatu situasi, yaitu sintesis data menjadi informasi. Semakin banyak informasi yang diterima, akan mendekontruksi gambaran lama dan membuat gambaran baru. Setiap orang memiliki tingkat perbedaan dalam mempersepsikan suatu kejadian sehingga berpotensi mempengaruhi keputusan, penyebab utama keputusan yang salah adalah karena kegagalan menafsirkan informasi kedalam konteks yang sesuai. Orientasi menekankan penafsiran suatu kontek atas kejadian yang muncul. Tahap Orentasi akan menjadi pondasi keputusan dan tindakan melalui mengubah informasi menjadi pengetahuan sebagai prediktor untuk membuat keputusan yang benar.
Melalui Orentasi, perusahaan dapat mengamati dan mempengaruhi kompleksitas seluruh proses, Proses orientasi akan mempengaruhi pengambilan keputusan, tindakan yang diambil dan memilih observasi terkait dengan orentasi yang sedang dilakukan berdasarkan observasi awal yang telah dilakukan.
Orientasi yang merupakan sintesis dari berbagai kontribusi seperti budaya tradisi, pengalaman sebelumnya, genetik keturunan, dan informasi baru berdasarkan pengungkapan kondisi dan lingkungan. Kontribusi faktor-faktor tersebut dianalisa dan disintesis untuk memperoleh pengetahuan mengenai gambaran realitas. Taktik dan strategi memperluas observasi akan mampu mensitesis secara akurat gambaran aktual mengenai pesaing/lawan, kualitas keputusan, dan keefektifan tindakan perbaikan. Sebaliknya dapat juga justru menyangkal gambaran pesaing/lawan, kualitas keputusan pesaing dan keefektifan dari tindakan yang berkurang. Boyd menamakan proses analisis dan sintesis sebagai many-sided, implicit cross-referencing. Orentasi dapat mendorong proses lain, semakin cepat perusahan dapat mengorentasikan dirinya, semakin besar pula kesesuaian kenyataan, meningkatnya efektifitas observasi, keputusan, dan tindakan
c. Memutuskan (decide)
Pada tahap ini dilakukan analisis respon yang berbeda untuk setiap ancaman dan peluangnya sekaligus menyusun rencana dan evaluasi penerapan terhadap respon yang berbeda. Tahap ini merupakan tahap ekplisit, artinya secara diskrit, tindakan sadar yang mengikuti orentasi. Akan tetapi Boyd menyadari pemahaman intuisi mengenai situasi dan kapabilitas dapat menyebabkan langkah keputusan menjadi implisit bukannya ekplisit.
d. Tindakan (Action)
Tahap tindakan merupakan ujung dalam siklus OOD. Tetapi perlu diperhatikan setiap tindakan yang akan diambil, akan mempengaruhi lingkungan dan menyebabkan perubahan pada lingkungan itu sendiri meskipun dampaknya kecil. Perubahan dalam medan persaingan menimbulkan orentasi perusahaan menyimpang beberapa derajat, sehingga menghasilkan gap baru antara realitas dan persepsi. Semakin cepat perusahaan menyadari penyimpangan tersebut, maka perusahaan akan cepat pula melakukan penyesuaian orentasi pada kondisi baru dan bertindak atas situasi ini. Kondisi ini menyebabkan siklus OODA membentuk berulang.
Inti dari OODA adalah penyusunan strategi dengan mengikuti pola yang baku dan terukur dalam empat tahap. Keempat tahap tersebut haruslah dilaksanakan secara berurutan, namun OODA bersifat siklus sehingga action bukanlah langkah terakhir. Proses dapat berulang hingga diperoleh keputusan yang benar-benar tepat dan sesuai dengan tujuan organisasi. Dalam melakukan pengulangan siklus, perlu diperhatikan faktor waktu karena setiap keputusan akan berdampak terhadap system lain yang terkait seperti pesaing.
Dalam situasi kompetisi atau konflik, perusahaan yang dapat mengimplementasikan siklus OODA dengan cepat dan akuran akan menang. Semakin cepat OODA persaingan dapat menggeser pesaing yang lebih lambat. Saat pesaing yang lebih lambat bereaksi, lingkungan lama akan berubah sehingga menyebabkan perlu adanya pengulangan OODA untuk memperbaiki posisi dan strategi keputusan yang perlu diambil. Setiap siklus OODA berulang, kebingungan dan disorentasi pada pesaing yang lambat akan semakin besar sehingga menurunkan keefektifan reaksi pesaing dan berdampak pada pertahanan posisi perusahaan terhadap perusahaan. Kunci keberhasilan dalam bisnis adalah melakukan proses siklus OODA lebih cepat dari pesaing baik yang baru maupun existing. Semakin dalam melihat dan menyangi siklus OODA pesaing akan semakin besar memperoleh kemenangan dalam persaingan. Dengan kata lain perlu adanya observasi dan orentasi yang akurat. Namun demikian semakin banyak faktor yang menjadi bahan pertimbangan maka analisis dan sitensis akan sulit dilakukan dengan cepat. Kecepatan proses OODA muncul dari tahapan implicit daripada ekplisit. Dengan pengalaman dan pengetahuan, tahap keputusan ekplisit dapat dilewati dan tindakan memberikan orentasi hasil yang implisit.

Daftar pustaka
[1]. Dettmer, H. William.,Operationalizing Sun Tzu: The O-O-D-A Loop., Goal Systems International, 2006
[2]. Ognek, Mike., Maneuver Management : The OODA Loop and Business., Paper The Wariors Group, 2011

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...for Organization Name to view more information about the employer. If Submit Resume is available above, click it to submit your resume directly to this employer. If it is not, please read the Application Instructions below for details on how to send your resume to the employer. No of Openings: 1 Wage/​Salary: $10.00-$13.00 Per Hour Job Description: Busy ENT office seeking Medical receptionist with a minimum of 1 year experience. Candidate must have knowledge and experience using EMR or other electronic medical record software. Job duties include, but not limited to: *Patient registration *Appointment scheduling *Answering telephone calls as well insurance verification. Qualifications: Qualified candidates must possess excellent interpersonal communication skills, customer service skills, and telephone etiquette. High school diploma Must be able to perform in a high-pressure environment and have the ability to organize multiple tasks and prioritize responsibilities. How to Apply: Candidate must be highly motivated, flexible, detail-oriented, a multi-tasker and have a great personality and communication skills. In order to be considered for this position, candidates must provide a cover letter with hourly rate requirements, resume and references. Inquiries without direct medical experience or the required documentation need not apply. Resumes may be emailed to jpage@rontalclinic.com or faxed to 248-737-0636, Attn: Office...

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