...CHAPTER 13 AGGREGATE PLANNING The planning Process [pic] Aggregate Planning • Combines appropriate resources into general terms • Part of a larger production planning system • Disaggregation breaks the plan down into greater detail • Disaggregation results in a master production schedule Aggregate planning Strategies 1. Use inventories to absorb changes in demand 2. Accommodate changes by varying workforce size 3. Use part-timers, overtime, or idle time to absorb changes 4. Use subcontractors and maintain a stable workforce 5. Change prices or other factors to influence demand Capacity Options • Changing inventory levels o Increase inventory in low demand periods to meet high demand in the future o Increases costs associated with storage, insurance, handling, obsolescence, and capital investment 15% to 40% o Shortages can mean lost sales due to long lead times and poor customer service • Varying workforce size by hiring or layoffs o Match production rate to demand o Training and separation costs for hiring and laying off workers o New workers may have lower productivity o Laying off workers may lower morale and productivity • Varying production rate through overtime or idle time o Allows constant workforce o May be difficult to meet large increases in demand o Overtime can be costly and may drive down productivity o Absorbing idle time may be difficult ...
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...CHAPTER 13 AGGREGATE PLANNING The planning Process [pic] Aggregate Planning • Combines appropriate resources into general terms • Part of a larger production planning system • Disaggregation breaks the plan down into greater detail • Disaggregation results in a master production schedule Aggregate planning Strategies 1. Use inventories to absorb changes in demand 2. Accommodate changes by varying workforce size 3. Use part-timers, overtime, or idle time to absorb changes 4. Use subcontractors and maintain a stable workforce 5. Change prices or other factors to influence demand Capacity Options • Changing inventory levels o Increase inventory in low demand periods to meet high demand in the future o Increases costs associated with storage, insurance, handling, obsolescence, and capital investment 15% to 40% o Shortages can mean lost sales due to long lead times and poor customer service • Varying workforce size by hiring or layoffs o Match production rate to demand o Training and separation costs for hiring and laying off workers o New workers may have lower productivity o Laying off workers may lower morale and productivity • Varying production rate through overtime or idle time o Allows constant workforce o May be difficult to meet large increases in demand o Overtime can be costly and may drive down productivity o Absorbing idle time may be difficult ...
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...AIRLINE OPERATIONS CONTROL Introduction Airline Operations Control is considered as one of the most important department in any airline company. Through its defined mechanism, the airline is able to monitor all the flights checking and ensures that the prearranged schedule defined by other departments of the company, is being followed. To achieve that, the Airline Operations Control Centre (AOCC) is given a mandate to manage the airline operations during specific time depending. Its size and composition varies according to each airline company (Clausen et al., 2005). The AOCC constitutes of different teams of people specializing in a variety of fields and these teams work together to solve problems. Under the supervision of operations control manager, teams make every effort to have airline operations running with as less problems as possible. The specialized teams, which may include among others such as aircraft maintenance, crew scheduling and aircraft scheduling, monitor the schedule execution and try to solve all the problems related with crew members, aircraft and passengers. However, some problems may arise and disrupt the planned schedule. Nevertheless, there is a process fallowed to solve such problems that’s known as Disruption Management (Kohl et al., 2004) or Operations Recovery. Barnhart et al., (2003, p. 47) stated that during the normal operations, airlines keep on monitoring their operations and when something odd within the schedule happens, e.g. that might...
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...25-03-2014 Submission Time: 5:00PM Operations Planning & Control A Project On Operations at Nadikattu Cotton Industries [pic] Submitted to Mr.Syed Habeeb, School of Management, NIT Warangal. Submitted By Arjun S – 138906 Heeralal B - 138907 Asha Latha Balivada-138908 Suresh Bandaru-138909 Himaja-138910 CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the project report “Operations at Nadikattu Cotton Industries” submitted by Arjun S, Heeralal B, Asha Latha B, Suresh B and Himaja B students of “NIT WARANGAL” MBA 1st year, batch 2013-2015, bonafide work carried out by them. During their tenure at the project, they were found to be sincere and meticulous in their work. I appreciate their enthusiasm and dedication towards the work assigned to them. I am hopeful that they will prove to be a good professional and wish them grand success for the future. DATE: 25.03.2014 COURSE INSTRUCTOR: Syed Habeeb Faculty, NIT Warangal. INDEX ABSTRACT 1. INTRODUCTION 6 1.1 PRODUCTION PROCESS 1.2 INVENTORY MANAGEMENT 2. ABOUT NADIKATTU COTTON INDUSTRIES 7 3. INFRASTRUCTURE 7 3.1 INFRASTRUCTURE AND QUALITY 3.2 FACT SHEET 3.3 NEWS 4. ENUMAMULA VILLAGE, WARANGAL 10 4.1 ABOUT ENUMAMULA 4.2 DEMOGRAPHICS OF ENUMAMULA 5. OPERATIONS AT NADIKATTU COTTON INDUSTRIES 11 5.1...
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...Cross-Cultural Human Resource Management BUS 357 February 20, 2012 Cross-Cultural Human Resource Management Today’s business world continues to evolve to worldly new levels due to the global market. Before globalization began taking place, business was primarily localized or regionalized within villages, townships and kingdoms. The initial changes of transportation’s or shipping’s delivery methods from the beginning of time by just human delivery to the transportation or shipping of goods and people by methods using horses, donkeys, camels, elephants and other animals began to change access to goods and services from more distant areas, lands and cultures. The innovative minds of humanity began the progression of new transportation, travel, shipping and delivery methods with the inventions of wagons, boats, trains and airplanes. These inventions changed the access to goods and peoples from every point on the globe, resulting in numerous progressions and changes to travel, business and industry around the world. Other new technologies of the telegraph, phone, radio, televisions, satellites and the computer have all changed the communication techniques and access to people and information all over the globe. Where it once took possibly hours, days, weeks and even months for communications or information to flow from different locations, the world is able to communicate or access information in seconds today. Different cultures began the progression from receiving...
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...12 ITM423 IT operations, controls, reporting, and maintenance 12 ITM423 IT operations, controls, reporting, and maintenance As a project manager in charge of a specific project, management will look no further than your desk should the project fail. The project manager is accountable overall for the status and the success of the project. Upper management will not care if external factors caused the project to fail they will only see the money the company has lost and look to you for answers. For this reason, and many others an effective project manager should build project controls into their project as the work progresses. “Project Controls encompass the people, processes and tools used to plan, manage and mitigate cost and schedule issues and any risk events that may impact a project” (projectcontrolsonline.com). Implementing project monitoring and control measures allows the project manager to effectively understand and communicate the project’s progress (R, 2009). In order to effectively monitor and control a project the project manager must work towards promoting a culture of accountability and responsibility while cementing their authority. Maintaining effective accountability for a project starts with the organization, supervisor, or the person that assigns the project to the project manager. It is their responsibility to effectively communicate to the project manager the level of “authority they will be given for each project they manage (Charvat...
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...1. Define why change control management is relevant to security operations in an organization. Change control is a systematic approach to managing all changes made to a product or system. The purpose is to ensure that no unnecessary changes are made, that all changes are documented, that services are not unnecessarily disrupted and that resources are used efficiently. 2. What type of access control system uses security labels? A LBAC Label-base access control 3. Describe two options you would enable in a Window’s Domain password policy. Uppercase letters along with lowercase and numbers 0-9 4. Where would patch management and software updates fall under in security operations and management? The SA or other authorized personnel are responsible for informing local administrators about patches that correspond to software packages included on the organizational software inventory. 5. Is there a setting in your GPO to specify how many login attempts will lockout an account? Name 2 parameters that you can set to enhance the access control to the system. Yes, you can augment the default access privileges for an access level. When you configure a user account, you can give the account one of three privilege levels: full access, port-configuration access, and read-only access. 6. What are some Password Policy parameter options you can define for GPOs that can enhance the C-I-A for system access? A good password policy should require passwords to be at least...
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...000 (d). 19,200 (e). 9,500 (f). 63,400 Question 3. In its first month of operation, Maze Company purchased 100 units of inventory for $6, then 200 units for $7, and finally 150 units for $8. At the end of the month, 180 units remained. Compute the amount of phantom profit that would result if the company used FIFO rather than LIFO. The company uses the periodic method. FIFO: $1,410 150 units multiplied by $8 equals $1,200 30 units multiplied by $7 equals $210 $1,200 plus $210 equals $1,410 LIFO: $1,160 100 units multiplied by $6 equals $600 80 units multiplied by $7 equals $560 $600 plus $560 equals to $1,160 Therefore, the phantom profit would be $250 if the company were to use the FIFO rather than LIFO. Question 4. Compute the lower of cost or market valuation for O'Connor's inventory. 12,500(camera)+9,000(camcorders)+12,800(DVD’s)= $34,300 Question 5. Establishment of responsibilities: Only cashiers may operate registers. Segregation of duties: The duties of receiving cash, recording cash, and having custody of cash are assigned to different individuals. Independent and internal verifications: Daily cash counts are made by cashier department supervisors. Human resource control: All cashiers are bonded Physical controls: All over-the-counter receipts are registers. Question 6. Segregation of duties: 3 Establishment of responsibilities: 1 Physical controls: 5 Independent and internal verifications: 4 Documental procedures:...
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...Algebra 1: Simplifying Algebraic Expressions Lesson Plan for week 2 Age/Grade level: 9th grade Algebra 1 # of students: 26 Subject: Algebra Major content: Algebraic Expressions Lesson Length: 2 periods of 45 min. each Unit Title: Simplifying Algebraic Expressions using addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of terms. Lesson #: Algebra1, Week 2 Context This lesson is an introduction to Algebra and its basic concepts. It introduces the familiar arithmetic operators of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division in the formal context of Algebra. This lesson includes the simplification of monomial and polynomial expressions using the arithmetic operators. Because the computational methods of variable quantities follows from the computational methods of numeric quantities, then it should follow from an understanding of basic mathematical terminology including the arithmetic operators, fractions, radicals, exponents, absolute value, etc., which will be practiced extensively prior to this lesson. Objectives • Students will be able to identify basic algebraic concepts including: terms, expressions, monomial, polynomial, variable, evaluate, factor, product, quotient, etc. • Students will be able to simplify algebraic expressions using the four arithmetic operators. • Students will be able to construct and simplify algebraic expressions from given parameters. • Students will be able to evaluate algebraic expressions. • Students...
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...Constructing Formulas for Mathematical Operations in Excel (Basic Tips and Techniques) Michelle A. Applequist Computer Information Systems (CIS105) Professor Hari Dhungana Strayer University September 1, 2009 Constructing Formulas for Mathematical Operations in Excel Microsoft Excel uses formulas to construct mathematical operations in a worksheet. After data have been entered into the worksheet, you can perform calculations, analyze data, and create charts. An Excel formula (calculations you create) and functions (formulas pre-existing in Excel) calculates the data entered in the worksheet. Formulas calculate numbers in a particular order. “Excel has one of the most comprehensive set of formulas, not only to perform calculations but also to manage data and records. It also has the ability to instantaneously re-calculate the results as the raw data changes” (Khoo, 2006-9, para. 2). To construct a formula after you have entered data, you must click in the cell that you want the results to appear in, and then type the formula. You can construct formulas by using the sum function, and editing numbers in a cell. It is stated that: Sum is an Excel function—a prewritten formula. Sum indicates the type of calculation that will take place (addition). When the sum function is activated, Excel looks above the active cell for a range of cells to sum. If there is no range above the cell, Excel will look to the left for a range of cells to...
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...Mathematical Operations of Numbers and Simplifying Algebraic Expressions Section A.: Mathematical Operations of Numbers 1.) 8+((12+5) x 4)/2= 8+(17x4)/2= 8+68/2= 8+34= 42 2.) ((3+4)²+4)-2= (7²+4)-2= (49+4)-2= 53-2= 51 3.) ((12+7)+(8/4)²) (19)+(2)² 19+4 23 4.) ½ + ¼ - ⅓= 6/12+3/12-4/12= 9/12-4/12= 5/12 5.) 2/3 x 3/5 = Multiply straight across 2/3 x 3/5 = 6/15 Find common denominator Reduce to lowest term 6/15 ÷ 3/3 = 2/5 6.) ⅓ ÷ ½ = Multiply by reciprocal ⅓ x 2/1= 2/3 7.) 3/2 ÷ ( 1/5 + 6/10) = 3/2 ÷ (2/10 + 6/10) = 3/2 ÷ 8/10 = Multiply by reciprocal 3/2 x 10/8 = 30/16 = 15/8 = 1 7/8 Section B.: Simplifying Algebraic Expressions 1.) 2x + 3x - 5x + x = 5x - 5x + x = 0 + x = x 2.) 2(6x + 5) = 2(6x) + (2x5) = 12x + 10 = 3.) (14x - 7) /7 = 14x - 7 ÷ 7 = 14x ÷ 7 = 2x -7 ÷ 7 = -1 2x - 1 4.) -(-15x) - 3x = 15x - 3x = 12x 5.) 5(3x+4) - 4 = 15x + 20 - 4 = 15x + 16 = 6.) 5(3x-2)+12x = 15x -10+12x = 27x - 10 = 7.) 4(2y-6)+3(5y+10) = 8y-24+15y+30 = 23y-24+30 = 23y+6= 8.) (x+1) (x-2) = Multiply the first 2, outside 2, inside 2, last 2 xx - 2x + 1x - 2 = xx - 2x + x - 2...
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...appreciate learning about the for … each loop. I’m plenty familiar with the for loop, which iterates for a set number of loops, uses initialization, a continue condition, and updating at the top of its block; but, the for … each control structure is a alternative to for. The for .. each loop control structure does not have as complicated continue conditions, and iterates the length of the data structure. I want to master the for .. each loop because it processes a data structure better...
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...yDylan Dissanayake Student ID : 15223568 Session 1 : Earth Buddy 10/01/12 Q1. How many Earth Buddies can Ben count on producing in one shift? How many if the factory works 2 shifts? Three shifts? How many if it operates three shifts a day, seven days a week? Which operation is the bottleneck? TASK | TIME | NUMBER OF OPERATORS | a.BUDDIES/HR | b.BUDDIES/SHIFT | c.BUDDIES/ "2" SHIFTS | d.BUDDIES/ "3" SHIFTS | e.BUDDIES/ "3" SHIFTS - 7 DAYS | FILLING | 1.5 | 6 | 240 | 1680 | 3360 | 5040 | 35280 | MOULDING | 1.6 | 3 | 225 | 1575 | 3150 | 4725 | 33075 | EYES | 1.2 | 2 | 300 | 2100 | 4200 | 6300 | 44100 | EYE GLASS | 1.2 | 1 | 300 | 2100 | 4200 | 6300 | 44100 | PAINTING | 1.5 | 1 | 240 | 1680 | 3360 | 5040 | 35280 | PACKING | 1.98 | 2 | 363 | 2541 | 5082 | 7623 | 53361 | a. Buddies/hr = 60minutes x Operators time/task b. Buddies/shift = 60minutes x Operators x Productive hrs time/task c. Buddies/ 2 shifts = 60minutes x Operators x Productive hrs x No. Of Shifts time/task d. Buddies/ 3 shifts = 60minutes x Operators x Productive hrs x No. Of Shifts time/task e. Buddies/ 3 shifts = 60minutes x Operators x Productive hrs x No. Of Shifts x Days 7 Days time/task Bottleneck = Lowest output (Moulding) Theoretical Capacity/hr = Operators x 60min ...
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...Class 08 – Planning & Control BUFW M570-01W: Operations and Supply Chain Management Planning & Control: Chapter 19 – Sales & Operations Planning Chapter 20 – Inventory M anagement Learning Objectives Understand what sales and operations planning is and how it coordinates manufacturing, logistics, service, and marketing plans. Construct and evaluate aggregate plans that employ different strategies for meeting demand. Explain yield management and why it is an important strategy. Joseph Khamalah, Ph.D. 2 What Is Sales and Operations Planning? Sales and operations planning is a process that helps firms provide better customer service, lower inventory, shorten customer lead times, stabilize production rates, and give top management a handle on the business. The process consists of a series of meetings, finishing with a high-level meeting where key intermediate-term decisions are made. This must occur at an aggregate level and also at the detailed individual product level. – Major Sales & Operations Planning Activities Aggregate means at the level of major groups of products. 3 4 Sales & Operations Planning Activities – Overview Sales and operations planning was coined by companies to refer to aggregate planning. Types of Planning Long-range planning • Planning focusing on a horizon greater than 1 year, usually performed annually Intermediate-range planning • Planning focusing on a period from 3 to 18 months, time increments are weekly, monthly,...
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...LESSON 8 PRODUCTION PLANNING AND CONTROL Abha Kumar STRUCTURE 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 Introduction Objectives Production management Product design Design of production system 8.4.1 Types of production system 8.5 Manufacturing process 8.5.1 Types of manufacturing process 8.5.2 Factors affecting the choice of manufacturing process 8.6 Production planning and control 8.6.1 Benefits to small entrepreneur 8.6.2 Steps of production planning and control 8.7 Summary 8.8 Glossary 8.9 Self-Assessment Questions 8.10 Further Readings 8.0 INTRODUCTION After taking decisions about the type of business, its location, layout etc. the entrepreneur steps into the shoe of production manager and attempts to apply managerial principles to the production function in an enterprise. Production is a process whereby raw material is converted into semi finished products and thereby adds to the value of utility of products, which can be measured as the difference between the value of inputs and value of outputs. Production function encompasses the activities of procurement, allocation and utilization of resources. The main objective of production function is to produce the goods and services demanded by the customers in the most efficient and economical way. Therefore efficient management of the production function is of utmost importance in order to achieve this objective. 114 8.1 OBJECTIVES After studying this lesson, you should be able to • • • • • • • Describe the production function and...
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