...Brief History of the Production and operations Management function by V S Rama Rao on January 24, 2009 At the turn of the 20th century, the economic structure in most of the developed countries of today was fast changing from a feudalistic economy to that of an industrial or capitalistic economy. The nature of the industrial workers was changing and methods of exercising control over the workers, to get the desired output, had also to be changed. This changed economic climate produced the new techniques and concepts. Individual Efficiency: Fredric W Taylor studied the simple output to time relationship for manual labor such as brick-laying. This formed the precursor of the present day ‘time study’. Around the same time, Frank Gilberth and his leaned wife Lillian Gilberth examined the motions of the limbs of the workers (such as the hands, legs, eyes etc) in performing the jobs and tried to standardize these motions into certain categories and utilize the classification to arrive at standards for time required to perform a given job. This was the precursor to the present day ‘motion study’. Although to this day Gilberth’s classification of movements is used extensively, there have been various modifications and newer classifications. Collective Efficiency: So far focus was on controlling the work output of the manual laborer or the machine operator. The primary objective of production management was that of efficiency – efficiency of the individual operator. The aspects...
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...1 PRODUCTION AND OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT Introduction Product. Production. Management. Production and Operations Management an Overview. Definition of Production Operations Management. Objectives of Production Management. Scope of Production Management. Benefits derived from efficient Production Management Department. Functions of Production Management. Types of Production Systems. Characteristics of production systems and Production cycle. INTRODUCTION The Subject of Production Management is studied under different Headings-such as Production Planning and control, Production and Inventory control, production and operations control and many more. What ever may be the title of the subject, the contents of the subject are more or less one and the same. Before we discuss about production management, let us discuss about product, production and management. This will give us a rough idea about production Management and with what a production manager has to deal with. 1.1. PRODUCT Though many authors define the product with Consumer orientation, it is better for us to deal with different angles, because it will be helpful for us to understand the subject of production and Operation Management. (i) For a Consumer: The product is a combination of or optimal mix of potential utilities. This is because every consumer expects some use or uses from the product. Hence he/she always identifies the product in terms of the uses. Say for example-Soap can be identified by complexion, cleanliness...
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...Which of the following functions is not a core function of an organisation? Your Answer: The operations function Correct Answer: The accounting and finance function No this is a core function 2. Incorrect Most operations produce a mixture of both products and services. Which of the following businesses is closest to producing “pure” services? Your Answer: Steel company Correct Answer: Counsellor/therapist No this would normally been seen as primarily production of goods although there is still an element of service. 3. Incorrect Operations can be classified according to their volume and variety of production as well as the degree of variation and visibility. Which of the following operations would be classified as high volume, low variety? Your Answer: A family doctor Correct Answer: A fast food restaurant No, there will be a great deal of variety in this role. 4. Incorrect Which of the following activities is not a direct responsibility of operations management? Your Answer: Developing an operations strategy for the operation Correct Answer: Determining the exact mix of products and services that customers will want No this is a direct responsibility of operations management. 5. Incorrect Operations can be classified according to the degree of variation in demand and visibility of the operation as well as their volume and...
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...Introduction to Operation Management 1. Define operations management. Operations management is the business function that is responsible for managing and coordinating the resources needed to produce a company’s products and services. Without operations management there would be no products or services to sell. 2. Explain the role of operations management in business. The role of operations management is to transform organizational inputs—human resources, facilities, materials, technology, and information—into a company’s finished goods or services. 3. Describe decisions that operations managers make. Operations management is responsible for a wide range of decisions, ranging from strategic decisions, such as designing the unique features of a product and process, to tactical decisions, such as planning worker schedules. 4. Describe the differences between service and manufacturing operations. Organizations can be divided into manufacturing and service operations, which differ in the tangibility of the product and the degree of customer contact. Manufacturing and service operations have very different operational requirements. 5. Identify major historical developments in operations management. A number of historical milestones have shaped operations management into what it is today. Some of the more significant of these are the Industrial Revolution, scientific management, the human relations movement, management science, and...
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...ASSESSMENT FRONT SHEET LONDON CHURCHILL COLLEGE Programme: AAPBS LEVEL-5- Certificate in Business Mgmt Studies. Unit: Operations Management in Business Unit code: M- QCF level: 5 Credit Value: 15 Tutor: Sabrina Akbar Email- Sabrina.akbar@londonchurchillcollege.co.uk Date Set: 08/02/2012 Learner’s name and statement of authenticity Learner’s Name: …………….. Learner’s ID: Date handed-in: I certify that the work submitted for this assignment is my own. Where the work of others has been used to support my work then credit has been acknowledged. Signature: ……………………. Date: …………… 1. Introduction: Operations management is concerned about overseeing, redesigning and designing business operation in service or production of goods, efficient use of resources and effectively meeting of customer requirements. Operations management also cover the process which converts inputs into outputs like inputting raw materials or energy and labor and getting goods and services. It considers the utilization, development and acquisition of resources that organizations need to deliver services and goods their customers want. The works and jobs responsibility of operation management starts from strategic planning and ends at operational and technical levels. Operation management use various technology and ideas to reduce production and operating cost and increase productivity, improve customer services, increase product quality and improve...
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...Operations Management… By D.B.S. Saurabh Marwah(201401017), Dingnan Ouyang(201400084), Boyang Yu(201400104) Students – Asia Pacific International College Literature review 1 Literature review of Operations management Saurabh Marwah, Dingnang, Boyang Asia Pacific International College Research Topic: The impact of total supply chain management on organization performance? Literature review 2 Introduction Operations management is an important part for all the organizations to run themselves successfully or in a professional manner. It refers to decisions and responsibilities of managing the resources dedicated to the production and service delivery. Managers are the people who are responsible managing the resources that make up the operations function. There are other functions also which are not core to the organizations which are for the smooth running of the organizations such as accounting, IT, human resources. Being an operations manager contains a lot of responsibilities and activates in the organization, which contribute to give good service. * Strategic objective: Operations managers must clearly understand the goals of the organization and develop vision in order to achieve them, which also involve translating the goals into implications. * Operations strategy: There are numerous decision-making involved with operations, it is important that operations manager should have a set of guidelines that are connected with organization’s...
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...OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT ABSTRACT In the present business world there has been a significant concentration on service based industries. This paper presents the way one of the world’s second biggest employer INDIAN RAILWAYS has been operating and together analyzing its various issues/ problems, and its relationship to operations practice in the organization. Though there have been many issues subjected to operations management practice, in the interest of word limitation a few issues relating to the concepts below has been discussed throughout. Consequently, incorporating some of the Operations Management theory like process(es) structure, quality dimensions, TQM, capacity planning, impact analysis, and improvement concepts. The study is based on the comparison of theories with actual practice, evaluating the applicability of these theories in real time progression of the organization, consideration of its impact on quality and customer focus. Finally, a proposal as to how the practice (es) could be enhanced. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 2 1 INTRODUCTION 4 1.1 Definition 4 1...
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...Operations management, the essential department of a company with the functions of designing, monitoring, and guiding the process of production Operations managers have the responsibility of ensuring that the business operations are efficient in the terms of utilizing as few resources as needed and effectively meeting customer requirements. Internally, operations management are tasked with the redesigning a business operations, as well as, handling/monitoring complaints from consumers and different problems with employees that need management to intervene. The decisions and actions taken within its operations have a direct impact on the basis on which an organization is able to survive and prosper within in its environment for a long- term period. Operations management includes substantial measurement and analysis of internal processes, which is carried out in a company depending on the nature of the products or services (Stevenson, 10th Edition, 2008). Maintaining a successful business is every companies overall goal. Building a strong relationship within the company as well as externally has been a key component in helping the company grow and continue to be successful (Establishing and Developing Strategic Relationships – The Role for Operations Managers. Staughton, Roy. 2009). Externally, how we manage productive resources is critical to making profits, growing and competing. Today, the purpose of operations management externally is to make the best use of productive...
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...8.4 Introduction Objectives Production management Product design Design of production system 8.4.1 Types of production system 8.5 Manufacturing process 8.5.1 Types of manufacturing process 8.5.2 Factors affecting the choice of manufacturing process 8.6 Production planning and control 8.6.1 Benefits to small entrepreneur 8.6.2 Steps of production planning and control 8.7 Summary 8.8 Glossary 8.9 Self-Assessment Questions 8.10 Further Readings 8.0 INTRODUCTION After taking decisions about the type of business, its location, layout etc. the entrepreneur steps into the shoe of production manager and attempts to apply managerial principles to the production function in an enterprise. Production is a process whereby raw material is converted into semi finished products and thereby adds to the value of utility of products, which can be measured as the difference between the value of inputs and value of outputs. Production function encompasses the activities of procurement, allocation and utilization of resources. The main objective of production function is to produce the goods and services demanded by the customers in the most efficient and economical way. Therefore efficient management of the production function is of utmost importance in order to achieve this objective. 114 8.1 OBJECTIVES After studying this lesson, you should be able to • • • • • • • Describe the production function and its component Define production management Analyze various factors, which are crucial...
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...Material management department is typically responsible for directing the supply chain. Material management is an umbrella department that has many other functions (e.g., central store, laundry and linen operations, and sterile processing). The core purpose of material management is to direct and control the movements of goods in an efficient manner through a hospital system (Langabeer, 2008). This material management proposal document will elaborate on the role materials management plays within a hospital and the role of operations managers in this process. This document will further identify possible constraints a hospital may experience in its supply chain, the potential effects and justification on implementing a new collaborative planning process, and provide suggestions on how to manage a hospital supplied during a disaster. Role of Materials and Operations Management The role of materials and operations management plays within a hospital system is vital to the success of any health care organization. According to Langabeer (2008) material management controls significant resources and have total expenditures, or spending at 50% of a hospital budget. Materials management not only directs and controls the supply chain of a health care organization it is responsible for managing the flow of goods throughout the hospital and carry out supply and resource logistics. Materials management has numerous meanings and some hospitals view material management as an umbrella department...
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...and operations, but the interrelationship between this function and other functions of the organization such marketing, finance and human resources. As a company grows, no one person can do everything. There are different areas of activity that take different styles or knowledge. Production and operations will not be complete without successful mobilization and application of financial resources towards the production activity. At the same time, organizations must also ensure that the output of production is conveyed successfully to the target customer through effective marketing. Finance ties all departments together with monetary measurements that tell whether the organization is making money. They also regulate the acquisition of funds to keep the business going on, and investing money received wisely. Sales and Marketing are usually lumped together into a group that focuses on maintaining and attracting customers to the company's products and services. Other functional areas that might interface with production and operations to make the organization successful include the following sections: Research and Development, Transportation, Information Services, Security, Medical, Government Relations and Training. QUESTION TWO: a) Operations strategy Operations strategy is the development of a long-term plan for using the major resources of the firm for a high degree of compatibility between these resources and the firm’s long term corporate strategy. Operations strategy...
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...Programme OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT ASSIGNMENT OCTOBER 2010 – SEPTEMBER 2011 Sections: Page 1 Course Overview 2 2 Assignment topics 4 3 Writing up your assignment (Individual or Group) 7 4 Guide to approaching case studies 12 Class title Operations Management Credits 10 Class aims Operations Management refers to those activities which are more or less directly concerned with the creation and delivery of goods and services. The course is intended to give you a theoretical framework for thinking about operations in both manufacturing and service contexts and to describe some practical applications of operations management. In the course we will address key aspects of design, planning and control of operations systems, and to provide an understanding of the operations function in a global context. Learning outcomes Subject specific knowledge and skills including: • Understand the history of Operations Management as a subject and consider the challenges facing Operations in future with particular reference to service operations, value adding and sustainable competition. • Understand the need for an Operations Strategy to operate with a Business Strategy • Describe Operational strategies in terms of Fit, Sustainability and Risk • Assess the choices and trade-offs inherent in developing an operations strategy (assessment of alternative strategies) • Describe the nature of operations as an...
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...Evaluating the Strategic Role of Operations Management at Nandos Nandos can be described as a casual dining restaurant, which originated in South Africa with a Mozambique/ Portuguese theme. Nando’s got its name from one of its founders; Fernando who had Nando’s in the later part of his name. The Restaurant chain was founded in 1987 and has grown to operate in over thirty countries in over five continents. (www.nandos.co.uk) Most commonly, Australia, Bangladesh, Canada, India, Malaysia, Mauritius , Pakistan, Singapore, Zimbabwe, the united States of America and The united kingdom in which Nando’s is trying to build a finger licking tradition. They received the highest accolade for excellence ( three stars) in the best companies annual accreditation awards. It is important to high light here that amongst all the large companies which entered for this award , Nando’s was the only one who received the award. (www.nandos.co.uk) Nando’s is specialized in serving chicken and chips , rice or mashed potatoes. They specialize in selling flames peri peri chicken and from a personal point of view I think that they do no only specialize in the selling flamed chicken grills , I think that they have revolutionarised the way in which we eat chicken and chips in the united kingdom. Chicken and chips in the united kingdom can to an extent be considered staple food, but with the establishment of Nando’s in the country , its presentation and serving has been given a total over hall. The name peri...
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...beachfront at Teluk Bahang, Penang, or known as glowing bay. It will herald a new standard for an Asian resort hotel. Mutiara Hotel was ranked 19 of 91 hotels in Penang Island. Mutiara Hotel was five-star resort in the Teluk Bahang, Penang. The hotel has been close down on 27 March 2006 for the renovations. Unfortunately, the Penang Mutiara Beach Resort is still closed until now because the renovation. Mutiara Hotels was opened at Johor Bharu. Mutiara Hotel Johor as ranked 5 of 70 hotels. 1.0 The role that the operations function can play to achieve strategic success Planning means deciding what to do, how to do it, when to do it and who will do it. Through planning the organization move its present position to a desired position and helps it prepare itself to reach that position by assembling the resources necessary. Mutiara Hotel needs to set the goals and objective for the hotel and need to develop most appropriate strategies to achieve them. The management need to analyze internal and external factors that may affect the company. The financial and the technical status need to be considered and then plans need to be implemented. Organizing means deciding on a course of action, the detailed organizing of the human and materials resources takes place. With organization, everybody knows where he belongs, what part he play in the realization of the goals of the enterprise, and what resources he will use to bring about the achievement of the goals of the group. Hotel Mutiara...
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...Question 1 : What is the difference between operations management and process management? Operation Management How the company manages its operation, shall be the key answer to it. In fact, Operation Management is one of the topmost important factor for a company’s success. Having said that, OM helps the organization to recognize “what are” the process, people, decisions, responsibilities and “how” the available resources can be utilized and maximized to deliver the goods or satisfactory services to the clients. Process Management A type of management that deals directly with the organization’s ways of aligning the series of activities involved in any of its operational process, with the aim to clearly define how the entire process is performing. One of the example of process management is “Business Process Management (BPM) . The main purpose of process management is to minimize errors due to human and reduces miscommunication and increase productivity. In your opinion why might it be necessary to have the two terms? Having this as a simple illustration, a client company (DEF) requires its supplier company (ABC) to send its ordered goods from KL to Penang in half a day time. As an Operation Manager of ABC company, Mr. Kuak plans what are needed for the delivery of the goods. He needs to get a driver in a pink of health and choose one of its best truck that’s capable to drive long distance. Where as, Mr. Lan the process manager, decides how the driving journey be conducted...
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