...needed: the researcher must determine the construct (concept) to be measured. • For example: memorable, relevant, understandable likeable, attitude, purchase intention, etc. • The objectives should specify: • What is the unit of measurement: objective should describe the operationalization of the construct to be measured... in other words the specific measures for each concept to be researched. • Worded using the respondent’s frame of reference • What format should be used: the researcher will need to determine what type of study to design (qual or quant and which data collection format?) 4. Constructs and operational definitions and the applications of each Constructs & Operational Definitions Construct • Brand Awareness • Advertising Recall & Recognition • Knowledge of Product Features • Brand Familiarity Operational Definition • % of respondents that have heard of Brand A • % of respondents that recall (recognize) seeing an advertising for Brand A • % of respondents that know about a product feature • % of respondents that are “unfamiliar,” “somewhat familiar,” or “very familiar with Brand A 5. Research...
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...INDUSTRY PAPER OUTLINE I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This industry paper is generally about a animal feed industry , Tri-star Feeds, Inc. The study will discuss and analyze several factors of the animal feed industry. This industry, TFI are facing a few difficulties in operational and human resource management. Which later on will be further discussed and elaborated. One obstacle the company’s facing is balancing the plant’s production load, due to the plant producing different feeds which takes time and to set up and change over feeds for different animal and variants. Another issue is the shortage supply of quality raw materials and reliability of the adequate quality of raw materials. Orders of raw materials in bulk isn’t really advisable for that the animal feeds have a limited shelf life. Lastly is the need to pre-empt the entry of a disruptive labor organization into the company. Although resolving this issue will be costly and grim, the company has a few opportunities to even out this concern. And they are: customers are loyal and they do not like to switch from one brand to another for the sme batch of animal feeds, the company demands for goods are always high, the companies distribution chain is high and strong within the region, livestock farmers do not like to switch from one brand to another for the same batch of animals. TFI Inc. is attempting to fully comply with the orders of their clients, but due the plants limitation. Orders of Brief description...
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...500 words analysis on any public policy Aadhaar, the brand name of a 12-digit unique identification number which the Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) setup for purpose of issuing to all citizens the sole and unique document of valid identity. Much like USA’s Social Security Number, the Aadhar was set up to duplicate the system in the United States in order to facilitate welfare programmes to reach intended beneficiaries and serve as basis for e-governance in banking, insurance and such other value-added services. There certainly have been crosshairs of argumentation about the inception, feasibility and desirability of the scheme. Talking about pros, Aadhaar will facilitate ‘anytime, anywhere, anyhow’ authentication to its beneficiary. Aadhaar will be a single source of identity verification. Hence, Easy Identification. Secondly, it would facilitate Direct Benefit transfer. This adds to the BJP government’s initiative to work towards creating a social welfare scheme, including accidental, health, senior citizen welfare schemes, through the JAM Trinity. This in-turn would better target the PDS. Thirdly, Duplication at all points can be eliminated. For instance, the Election Commission is planning to link Voter ID to Aadhar doing away with the problem of multiplicity. Also over a crore ghost LPG gas connections were weeded out when it was linked with Aadhaar. Thirdly, this would remove multiplicity of documents and smoothen processes from opening a...
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...No. 3 – Below are some terms commonly found in a management setting. Are they concepts or constructs? Give two different operational definitions for reach. A. First-line supervisor – concept Operational definition: A person who handles a group of front-line employees. The person that reports directly to the team manager. B. Employee morale – construct Operational definition: The positive outlook of the employees towards his working environment. Measurement of the employees satisfaction with regards to his work and workplace. C. Assembly line – concept Operational definition: D. Overdue account – concept E. Line management – concept F. Leadership – construct G. Union democracy – construct H. Ethical standards – construct No. 6 – You observe the following condition: “Our female sales representatives have lower customer defections than do our male representatives.” A. Propose the concepts and constructs you might use to study this phenomenon. B. How might any of these concepts and/or constructs be related to explanatory hypothesis? No. 7 – You are the office manager of a large firm. Your company prides itself on its high-quality customer service. Lately complaints have surfaced that an increased number of incoming calls are being misrouted or dropped. Yesterday, when passing by the main reception area you noticed the receptionist fiddling with his hearing aid. In the process, a call came in and would have gone unanswered if not...
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...experiences, verbal persuasion, enactive attainment, performance accomplishment, and enhanced self-efficacy. Variable Identification and Definitions Independent variable: Home-based nurse coached IMT Intervention Conceptual definition: “Bandura‟s Self-Efficacy Theory guided the intervention for the experimental group (IMT)… Vicarious experiences for the IMT group were accomplished by observing the demonstration of the tack of using the Threshold Device, thus „modeling‟ the instruction and demonstration provided by the RA. Performance accomplishment was achieved by „mastering‟ the technique of inspiring into the device with a nose clip in place… thus providing tangible evidence of progress” (Padula et al., 2009, p. 21). Operational definition: “The Threshold Device (Healthscan) was used for resistive IMT breathing training… Training consisted of demonstration by the RAs, with return demonstration at baseline followed by a week of device use…” The study intervention was detailed in Padula et al. (2009, p. 20) CRITICAL APPRAISAL # 1 2 Dependent Variables: Inspiratory muscle strength (IMS). Conceptual definition: Not conceptual defined but a possible definition is that IMS is an indication of performance accomplishment that precedes enhanced self-efficacy and indicates a person is reaching their goals. Operational definition: “IMS was measured by obtaining PImax scores according to the universally accepted Black...
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...Types of Variables, Conceptual and Operational Definition A variable is a concept – noun which stands for variation within a class or objects (Ariola, 2006; Catane, 2000). Variable refers to characteristic [condition or attributes] that has two or more equally exclusive values or properties (Sevilla and Others, 1988 as cited in Ardales, 1992). Ariola (2006) states that variables can be manipulated, selected, controlled and observed by the researcher or experimenter (p. 121). Therefore variables can “vary”; it is a tool in measuring the values and determination of quantity of datum for the conducted research. According to Calmorin et al. (2007) a variable is defined as a quantity susceptible of fluctuation or change in value or in magnitude under different conditions (p. 14). The term variable has the correspondent term variation, which means difference and relationship per se. In mathematics, variables are use for graphing, problem solving, statistical computations, algebraic expression, and various kinds of equations, different functions, relations and measurement to analyze and interpret certain data. It is the same with social research but those attributes apply and take different form, thus they can belong to different levels of measurement ("Variable and attribute," 2011). Variables operated or utilized as a tool of measurement is for throughput which leads to conclusion of the study. Based on Ariola (2006) the variable classified into two such as: The quantitative...
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...which is a substantive theory (Burns & Grove, 2009). b. The discussion of the framework is limited with the linking of the concept of self-efficacy to the independent variable of the nurse-coached IMT. No model of the framework is provided. The major study concepts include: situational demands, vicarious experiences, verbal persuasion, enactive attainment, performance accomplishment, and enhanced selfefficacy. Variable Identification and Definitions Independent variable: Home-based nurse coached IMT Intervention Conceptual definition: “Bandura‟s Self-Efficacy Theory guided the intervention for the experimental group (IMT)… Vicarious experiences for the IMT group were accomplished by observing the demonstration of the tack of using the Threshold Device, thus „modeling‟ the instruction and demonstration provided by the RA. Performance accomplishment was achieved by „mastering‟ the technique of inspiring into the device with a nose clip in place… thus providing tangible evidence of progress” (Padula et al., 2009, p. 21). Operational definition: “The Threshold Device (Healthscan) was used for resistive IMT breathing training… Training consisted of demonstration by the RAs, with return demonstration at baseline followed by a week of device use…” The study intervention was detailed in Padula et al. (2009, p. 20) article. CRITICAL APPRAISAL # 1 2 Dependent Variables: Inspiratory muscle strength...
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...September 6, 2014 Forum 3 Management Setting Concepts, Constructs and Operational Definitions (3.3) Cooper and Schindler (2014), articulate that research requires the exploration of various questions in order to organize, understand, explain and forecast phenomena. These research inquiries must be guided through agreed upon definitions of the questions used to build the research product. These questions contain or use concepts, constructs and definitions (Cooper et al, 2014, p.50). A concept provides a common method for communicating information; it is a group of meanings and characteristics that impact events, objects, conditions, situations and behaviors (Cooper et al, 2014). Constructs are often abstract concepts; in fact concepts and constructs are easily mistaken. A construct is created by pairing less complex, more hardened concepts which provide a defined image or abstract idea enabling the researcher to organize the theory building purpose (Cooper et al, 2014). In research, definitions of concepts must be clearly defined by all parties involved in conducting the research. This will safeguard the integrity of the research. Without this synchronized understanding of definitions the output of the research will be damaged. Definitions in research consist of dictionary and operational. Dictionary definitions include a concept defined with a synonym. The operational definition contains specific criteria measuring and testing which refer to empirical...
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...Definitions A definition is a statement that gives the meaning of a concept. For simple and relatively concrete concepts such as ‘Table’ we can understand them without definitions by simply seeing them. But most concepts are abstract and complex and to understand them definitions are important tool of knowledge. A definition does the following functions: a. It clarifies the boundaries of a concept. b. It clarifies the relationships among concepts. c. It clarifies the referents of the concepts. Vagueness and Ambiguity A term is ‘vague’ means it is hazy obscure and imprecise for example the words love, happiness, rich or poor are vague. We can rarely tell whether they apply to a given situation or not. How rich one has to be in order to be called rich? An ‘ambiguous expression’ is one that can be interpreted as having more than one clearly distinct meaning in a given context for example: words such as proper, light, critical, bank can be used ambiguously. If one were to describe an action as proper, does this mean proper in moral sense or proper in the sense of being socially acceptable? The difference between ambiguity and vagueness is that vague terminology allows for a relatively continuous range of interpretations, where as ambiguous terminology allows for multiple discrete interpretations. A vague expression creates a blur of meaning where as ambiguous expression mixes up otherwise clear meanings. Definitions and their purposes Definition is a group...
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...Health is the level of functional or metabolic efficiency of a living being[clarify]. In humans, it is the general condition of a person's mind and body, usually meaning to be free from illness, injury or pain (as in "good health" or "healthy").[1] The World Health Organization (WHO) defined health in its broader sense in 1946 as "a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity."[2][3] Although this definition has been subject to controversy, in particular as lacking operational value and because of the problem created by use of the word "complete," it remains the most enduring.[4][5] Other definitions have been proposed, among which a recent definition that correlates health and personal satisfaction.[6][7] Classification systems such as the WHO Family of International Classifications, including the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), are commonly used to define and measure the components of health. Systematic activities to prevent or cure health problems and promote good health in humans are undertaken by health care providers. Applications with regard to animal health are covered by the veterinary sciences. The term "healthy" is also widely used in the context of many types of non-living organizations and their impacts for the benefit of humans, such as in the sense of healthy communities, healthy cities or healthy environments...
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...Decisions in Paradise, Part One As I take the identity of Nik, it will be my job to help my new organization develop a stronger business presence in Kava. To ascertain what that presence will be, and the steps it will take to make it happen, information must first be analyzed, synthesized, and prescribe the best decision to benefit the organization and the community of Kava (“Decisions in Paradise: How to Be, or Not To Be,” n.d., p. 3). Concerns The business scenario indicates, a number of concerns that need consideration before a decision can be described. To reach the goal of the company we must first address the demographics of Kava. With 50% of the population below 15 years of age we will focus the first phase of our marketing strategy on half of the population while making our presence acceptable to the diverse mixture of ethnicities, languages, and religions on Kava (“Decisions in Paradise: How to Be, or Not To Be,” n.d., p.2). Second the Islands remote location makes travel to and from the island expensive so this would require making the Kava branch as self-reliant as possible, working in parallel to develop a comprehensive disaster recovery plan to address many natural disasters that threaten the Island of Kava. Forces The primary forces to impact the problem formulation in Kava include the disorganization of the office, the environment, and Kava’s economy, which is the principal force of influence to be considered. Coupled with Nik’s lack of experience and the forces...
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...There are many definitions of Organizational Behavior (OB). In order to develop a personal operating definition of OB, I read several definitions to help form a framework of what OB means to me. The definitions I read ranged from the very complex to the very simple. Along with many OB definitions, there are also many different types of research. Mole noted four assumptions that are used in all OB research (2002). 1. Behavior is predictable 2. Behavior is caused 3. Behavior has many causes 4. Generalities can be made Personal Operational Definition With the above assumptions, as well as the concept that OB is a combination of different fields of behavioral sciences, I developed the following operational definition of OB. The study of Organizational Behavior is to observe, analyze and learn, what variables influence individual behavior, at both the individual and group levels, and understand how it affects the behavior of the organization. I will use this operating definition in my organization as we plan to make a major software change. The process is underway to replace the maintenance software system with an updated software so that a purchasing package can be procured that will integrate the two. By observing the behavior of the employees, I will be able to better understand the cause of their resistance to change. I will recommend a cross functional team to address all the concerns and determine what features of the old software are important and should be...
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...SECTION 1: DEVELOP OPERATIONAL PLAN Activity 1 In your own words, describe the purpose of the operational plan and describe its relationship to the strategic plan. Answer: The purpose of the operational plan is to focus on shorter term objectives usually within 1up to 3 years. For plans of 2 to 3 years, a more detailed breakdown of shorter time frames should be included within the body of the document. An operational plan provides detailed information on planning, resource, implementation and funding for projects normally developed from the strategic plan. An operational plan should contain indicators to measure progress and performance. When written an operational plan will be defined by the following questions - Where are we now? - Where do we want to be? - How do we get there? - How do we measure our performance? Operational plans also comprise responsibility, allocation and contingency for variation . Activity 2 Consultation讨论会 can be undertaken both formally and informally. Outline some of the tools that can be used for formal consultation and discuss their various merits优点. Answer: Forms of formal consultation can include: • Information sessions • Focus groups, workshops, Meetings • Feedback mechanisms • Invitations for submissions from stakeholders • Communications mechanisms such as email, intranet, newsletters or memos These consultation processes can be used to gain valuable information from all stakeholders or can be refined...
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...County Hospital Simulation Project Abstract The paper offers a simulation model describing the X-ray departments operations in the county hospital. It can be used for testing various process scenarios, for allocation of resources and also conduct activity based cost analysis. The simulation model is used for demonstrating a new operational method that makes the operations at the X-ray department more effective. The operational method is referred to as Triage team method. This method has been it is been studied from two view points. The results showed that the method enhances the X-ray department if properly implemented and it incorporates all the required tasks. County hospital simulation project Introduction The department of x-ray in the county hospital is facing a challenge in the x-ray department. With the increased amount of patients visiting the x-ray department, the challenge to the health care managers is becoming serious. The process undergone and the resources need to be reconsidered to make the operations more efficient. This will also maintain the quality of care. The objective of the department is to ensure that the patients take minimal time in the process. The resources also need to be allocated in the most effective way and by use of more advanced technology. Since X-ray department and the processes therewith are somewhat complicated, and have dynamic variables and has random features, definitely there is a need for a method that is effective. The...
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...country at both a paid and volunteer basis for their operations. I have, in fact, been one such volunteer contributor for the in-game content of one of their long-standing game releases which features regular content updates. This should allow me insight to provide greater detail, or at least know whom to contact and ask relevant questions about operations. 2. Review definitions of operations management from your reference text and at least two other print sources, and apply the definition to three different types of organization, e.g., food service, manufacturing, and office workers. Briefly compare operations in these to your selected organization. From Operations Management written by William Stevenson and Mehram Hojati, operations management is defined as “the management of direct resources that are required to produce and deliver value via the organization’s goods and services”. Meanwhile, our course text has Jay Heizer and Barry Render alter that definition into “the set of activities that creates value in the form of goods and services by transforming inputs into outputs.” Neither definition is exclusive to the other, yet the wording of each allows for slightly different applications of the same root term of operations management. Looking towards a more generalized and accepted version, Investopedia provides a both a...
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