...University Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Student: Sigwadhi Teddy M149125 Research Project (HSOR 460) Proposal Presentation in partial fulfilment of BSc. 4th Year Special Honours Degree in Operations Research and Statistics Supervisor: Mr. R. Mawonike Research Topic Queuing theory based approach to the analysis of sales checkout at Montagu Spar supermarket Location: Avenues Area, Harare, Zimbabwe Background of the study • Zimbabwe is an important emerging country among the developing countries. • The Spar Montagu has been chosen to be the research object primarily because of its clientele which have different buying behaviors. There are a mix of customers, low to high class customers and it has been seen to provide interesting results on the busy and non busy periods. • The main purpose of this project is to study the application of queuing theory and to evaluate the parameters involved in the service unit for the sales checkout operation in Spar Montagu supermarket Background of the study continued… • Queuing theory is the theory of waiting lines and service provision • A mathematical model is to be developed to analyse the performance of the checking out service unit • Two parameters need to be determined from the data collected in the supermarket through the mathematical model to the service point. • One parameter is the customer arrival rate to the service point per hour • The other is the rate of service...
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...Introduction Being in a queue (waiting line) is an inevitable fact of our daily life, such as waiting for checkout at a supermarket, or waiting to make a bank deposit. Queuing theory, started with research by Agner Krarup Erlang, is used to examine the impact of management decisions on these waiting lines (Anderson et.al, 2009). A basic Queuing Model structure consists of three main characteristics, namely behaviour of arrivals, queue discipline, and service mechanism (Hillier and Lieberman, 2001). In this assignment, New England Foundry’s queuing problem will be solved in Excel, and then, time and cost savings will be identified. First of all, current and new situation will be analysed in order to demonstrate the queuing model by using Kendall’s Notation (for the current queuing problem, queuing model is M/M/s). After that, arrival rate, queue size, and service rate will be defined, and added-in Excel file (Queuing models.xlsx). The results will be discussed at the end. Description New England Foundry (NEF) produces four different types of woodstoves for home use and additional products that are used with these four stoves. Due to the increase in energy prices, George Mathison president of the company wants to change the layout to increase the production of their bestselling type of Warmglo III. NEF has several operations in order to produce woodenstoves which are illustrated as a flow diagram in Figure 1. Current State Analysis Current layout offers one counter with two personnel...
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...OPERATION RESEARCH Credits: 4 SYLLABUS Development Definition, Characteristics and phase of Scientific Method, Types of models. General methods for solving operations research models. Allocation: Introduction to linear programming formulation, graphical solution, Simplex ethod, artificial variable technique, Duality principle. Sensitivity analysis. Transportation Problem Formulation optimal solution. Unbalanced transportation problems, Degeneracy. Assignment problem, Formulation optimal solution, Variation i.e., Non-square (m x n) matrix restrictions. Sequencing Introduction, Terminology, notations and assumptions, problems with n-jobs and two machines, optimal sequence algorithm, problems with n-jobs and three machines, problems with n-jobs and m-machines, graphic solutions. Travelling salesman problem. Replacement Introduction, Replacement of items that deteriorate with time – value of money unchanging and changing, Replacement of items that fail completely. Queuing Models M.M.1 & M.M.S. system cost considerations. Theory of games introduction, Two-person zero-sum games, The Maximum –Minimax principle, Games without saddle points – Mixed Strategies, 2 x n and m x 2 Games – Graphical solutions, Dominance property, Use of L.P. to games, Algebraic solutions to rectangular games. Inventory Introduction, inventory costs, Independent demand systems: Deterministic models – Fixed order size systems – Economic order quantity (EOQ) – Single items, back ordering...
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...Queuing Theory Queuing Theory Waiting in lines is a social phenomenon that people face on a daily basis. Queues of people form when checking in at the airport, purchasing items at a cash register, and getting on rides in amusement parks. Waiting in lines can have both economic costs and psychological costs when customers perceive it as a negative experience. Waiting too long in line can be extremely frustrating for customers and staff. Analyzing and understanding queuing systems for service businesses involves finding and managing the best level of service that will keep customers happy and costs under control. The problem for managers in most queuing situations is the trade-off decision between adding costs of providing more rapid service against the inherent cost of waiting. To analyze a queuing system one must look at arrival characteristics including the pattern in which customers arrive at the facility, customer behaviors once they are in line, and the size of the customer population. Service characteristics, such as, the configuration of the service system and the pattern of service times must also be considered in the mathematical model (Render, Stair, Hannah, & Hail, 2015). In this paper, I will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of queuing theory for an organization in the service industry and the benefits provided by the constant service time model Queuing Systems for Service Businesses Queuing systems are put in place to serve customers in an orderly...
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...* Management optimization of bank’s queuing system * Abstract Nowadays the queue phenomenon in the bank offices is a common and troublesome issue that nearly occurs everyday in the banks of China. The rapid tempo of life makes people pay much attention to the time management, they don’t willing to spend much time on queuing and gradually lose confidence in banks. In order to improve the efficiency and the satisfy degree of customers and finally increase the profit of banks, the banks have to do something about their current queuing system. This proposal aims at analyzing the current queuing system of the China banks, finding out existing problems and carrying out some effective measures based on the previous researches, the principle of queuing and statistic method. Under the premise of less increasing the operation cost of the banks to improve the service efficiency in order to realize the win-win result of customers satisfaction and banks profit. Background Every person no matter he is young or old may have some painful experiences waiting in the banks of China. Customers still have to wait for a period of time even when they avoid the busy hours of the banks. Not alone the busy operation time or the peak period of the banks people have to wait for ages. I also had the similar experiences when I was an undergraduate student. As a student we need to pay our tuition fee through a certain bank such as Bank of China before a semester begins. However so many students...
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...Written Analysis & Communication @ Soft skills II @ Employability Skills @ IT & MIS 2 Soft skills I @ Computing skills 2 Social Media Marketing @ 2 Legal Aspects of Business 2 Business Strategy 3 Management Control Systems 3 Micro Economics 3 Macro Economics 3 Business Environment 3 Business Ethics & Corporate Governance 2 Quantitative Methods-1 3 Business Research Methods 3 Quantitative Methods-2 3 Core Elective-1 3 Core Elective1 3 Core Elective-2 3 Core Elective2 3 Elective-1 3 Elective-1 3 Elective-2 3 Elective-2 3 Grand Project-1 3 Grand Project-2 3 Principles of Management Basic Building Blocks Autumn Break Executive Skills Organisational Behavior Human Resources Management 3 Marketing Management 1 3 Marketing Management -2 3 Understanding Financial Statements 3 Financial Mgt 3 Operation Management Management Domain 3 3 Basics of Business Planning 2 Electives Credits Autumn Break credit SUMMER INTERNSHIP Course S 1 22 S 2 24 Total Credits 2 8 S 3 21 S 4 20 95 Index Sr.No Subject Faculty Credits 1 Written Analysis & Communication Prof. Dhriti Banerjee @ 2 Soft Skills Prof. Dhriti Banerjee @ 3 Computing Skills Dr. Nidhi Arora ...
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...Queuing Theory Queuing Theory • Queuing theory is the mathematics of waiting lines. • It is extremely useful in predicting and evaluating system performance. • Queuing theory has been used for operations research. Traditional queuing theory problems refer to customers visiting a store, analogous to requests arriving at a device. Long Term Averages • Queuing theory provides long term average values. • It does not predict when the next event will occur. • Input data should be measured over an extended period of time. • We assume arrival times and service times are random. • • • • Assumptions Independent arrivals Exponential distributions Customers do not leave or change queues. Large queues do not discourage customers. Many assumptions are not always true, but queuing theory gives good results anyway Queuing Model Q W λ Tw Tq S Interesting Values • Arrival rate (λ) — the average rate at which customers arrive. • Service time (s) — the average time required to service one customer. • Number waiting (W) — the average number of customers waiting. • Number in the system (Q) — the average total number of customers in the system. More Interesting Values • Time in the system (Tq) the average time each customer is in the system, both waiting and being serviced. Time waiting (Tw) the average time each customer waits in the queue. Tq = Tw + s Arrival Rate • The arrival rate, λ, is the average rate new customers arrive measured in arrivals per time period....
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...This paper investigates the activity of the main issuing desk at the 3rd floor of Pilkington Library during weekdays between 5 and 6pm. The aim is to find ways of minimizing queuing times and respond to flexibility in demand. Two sets of data have been analysed and transposed into a simulation study using the Simul8 software package. The results of the simulation are presented in support of our optimization proposals. Introduction With more than 370,000 books issued last year, serving almost 15,000 users which made up to 600,000 enquires, the Pilkington Library is definitely one of the busiest place on campus especially when it gets near the examination period. One of the library objective is: "To support and facilitate the research, learning, teaching and administrative activities of the University, by organising, maintaining and providing access to appropriate literature and information resources in such a way as to provide optimum benefit for Library users." (Loughborough Library) Of course, the library is a complex facility providing a range of services which far exceeds our simulation capabilities requiring the support of over 80 staff and use of specialised computer packages to track all items, users, requests and staff resources ensuring the functionality of the whole system. The scope of our research therefore will be limited to the long-loan counter at the 3rd floor of the library which is the main contact point between the users and the library circulation system. Our...
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...CLASS TIME: TH, 1800-1930/1940-2110 ROOM: L330 INSTRUCTOR: MR. ENRICO L. CORDOBA (lance_emeric@yahoo.com) COURSE DESCRIPTION: MANASCI (MANAGEMENT SCIENCE) is a 14-week course on the study of quantitative techniques in business decision-making. The course covers linear programming models and its special algorithms; network (PERT/CPM) models; decision-making theories and processes; and decision tree construction and analysis. LEARNING OUTCOMES (LO): On completion of the course, the student is expected to be able to do the following: |ELGA |LEARNING OUTCOME | |Effective communicators |To present in class the application of quantitative techniques to management decision | | |models through case analysis | |Critical and creative thinkers |To develop analytical thinking and proper reasoning in the application of quantitative | | |techniques to management decision models | | |To acquire the essential skills for the proper use of quantitative techniques in | | |business decision-making ...
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...IndE 311: Stochastic Models and Decision Analysis Winter 2007 Lab 7: Problem Session Pr. 17.10-3) The Garrett-Tompkins Company provides three copy machines in its copying room for the use of its employees. However, due to recent complaints about considerable time being wasted for a copier to become free, management is considering adding one or more additional copy machines. During the 2000 working hours per year, employees arrive at the copying room according to a Poisson process at a mean rate of 30 per hour. The time each employee needs with a copy machine is believed to have an exponential with a mean of 5 minutes. The lost productivity due to an employee spending time in the copying room is estimated to cost the company an average of $25 per hour. Each copy machine is leased for $3000 per year. Determine how many copy machines the company should have to minimize its expected total cost per hour. • Describe queuing model (i.e, M / M /s, M / M/ s // K, etc.) [pic] • [pic][pic] | |3 machines |4 machines |5 machines |6 machines |7 machines | |E (SC) | | | | | | |E(WC) | | | | | | |E(TC) | | | ...
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...com/Science_of_Better/htdocs/prospect/index.asp What is Operational Research? The discipline of applying appropriate analytical methods to help make better decisions. By using techniques such as problem structuring methods (sometimes known as 'Soft O.R.') and mathematical modelling to analyse complex situations, operational research gives executives the power to make more effective decisions and build more productive systems based on: • More complete data • Consideration of all available options • Careful predictions of outcomes and estimates of risk • The latest decision tools and techniques Linear Programming Operations management often presents complex problems that can be modelled by linear functions. The mathematical technique of linear programming is instrumental in solving a wide range of operations management problems. Linear programming is used to solve problems in many aspects of business administration including: • product mix planning • distribution networks • truck routing • staff scheduling • financial portfolios • corporate restructuring Decision Trees In many problems chance (or probability) plays an important role. Decision analysis is the general name that is given to techniques for analysing problems containing risk/uncertainty/probabilities. Decision trees are one specific decision analysis technique. Sensitivity analysis Queuing Theory (Waiting Line...
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...3.1 Produce graphs using spread sheets and draw valid conclusions based on the information derived According to the survey data 78% of the respondents chose Starbucks, even that according to the survey Coffee Bean has a lower service and queuing time. Starbucks has as far more customers than Coffee Bean. 63% of the respondents were women while the other 37% were men, so more women attend coffee shops than men. According to the survey data, 31% of the respondents came from Alabang, 11% came from BF and the other 58% frequent Starbucks in over Makati, Metro Manila, Parañaque and Quezon City. So the four previous places have better access than the first two. Most of the customers (46%) visit the coffee shop around 18:00 to 21:00, 44% of them visit the coffee shop in the afternoon (12:00 to 17:59) and only 10% visit it in the morning (6:00 to 11:59) so the evening is the part of the day when this establishment has more clients. 3.2 Create trend lines in spreadsheet graphs to assist in forecasting for specified business information Sales in Starbucks Coffee (Billion Pesos) | | Year | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | Sales | 10.53 | 11.7 | 12.98 | The sales of Starbucks coffee has been increasing, since 2012, that’s because their market share is also increasing and Starbucks, people in the Philippines is drinking more coffee and they are preferring going to coffee bean. Even when the cost of the coffee in Starbucks tends to be more expensive, the people like that...
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...Year | 2015-16 | Academic Term | T1☐ T2☐ T3☐ T4☐ T5☐T6☐ | Functional Areas | OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT | Core ☐ Elective x☐x | Title | Quantitative Methods II | Abbreviation | QM-II | Course Coordinator | Prof. RAVI SHANKAR | Teaching Members | | Course Revision Record Version | Version Date | Recommendation | 1 | 05 Sept 2015 | | Credits | 3 | Contact Hours | 30 | Learning Hours | 60 | Office Hours | 30 | Contact Details | 09811033937 | Course eMail | r.s.reaches@gmail.com | Course Descriptor Course Overview(200 words) | Quantitative Methods-II, focuses on ‘Operations Research’ tools which helps in solving problems in different functional domain of business. It also helps to optimize business operations/processes. The Quantitative Method-II tools act as aids to decision makers to take best decision for effective & efficient use of resources which ultimately lead to profit maximization or to achieve multiple goals or objective. | Course must be aligned with a strategic objective of the program Prerequisites/Co-requisites | Quantitative Methods I | Learning Objectives | To learn basic optimization techniques and their managerial applications with a focus on methodologies such as Linear Programming, Transportation models, Assignment Models, Transhipment Models, Games Theory, Queuing Models, Goal Programming, Integer Programming, Non-linear Programming, Simulation and Decision Theory. | Learning objectives must be aligned with learning...
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...1. Executive summary The main purpose of this report is to research and analyse the role that the utilisation of information and communication technology plays in the business affairs of Argos Ltd (Britain’s biggest retailer of home-goods). This report provides the reader with information on such aspects as: • the way that Argos conducts its business • the role that ICT plays in the everyday business affairs of Argos • background information about Argos, its allies and competitors • facts and figures on Argos`s sales, revenues and customers` buying habits After understanding the background and position on the market of Argos, the report evaluates the description of the organisation`s arrangement of operations, by adopting a customer perspective using the `customer perspective framework` while highlighting the role that technology plays within it. The last part of this report is dedicated to the competitive analysis of the organisation, in means of its relative success, by applying the framework of SWOT analysis and Porter`s 5 Forces model. Comparison of the organisation is also carried out by using the examples that are widely used in the sphere of ICT. Suggestions for improvement were given where relevant. Various credible informational resources were used it this report, including academic textbooks and journal articles, research reports and statistical data and numerous online sources. To assess and understand the current trends and developments...
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...Operational Research 203 (2010) 539–549 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect European Journal of Operational Research journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ejor Invited Review Research on warehouse design and performance evaluation: A comprehensive review Jinxiang Gu a, Marc Goetschalckx b,*, Leon F. McGinnis b a b Nestle USA, 800 North Brand Blvd., Glendale, CA 91203, United States Georgia Institute of Technology, 765 Ferst Dr., Atlanta, GA 30332-0205, United States a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t This paper presents a detailed survey of the research on warehouse design, performance evaluation, practical case studies, and computational support tools. This and an earlier survey on warehouse operation provide a comprehensive review of existing academic research results in the framework of a systematic classification. Each research area within this framework is discussed, including the identification of the limits of previous research and of potential future research directions. Ó 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Article history: Received 5 December 2005 Accepted 21 July 2009 Available online 6 August 2009 Keywords: Facilities design and planning Warehouse design Warehouse performance evaluation model Case studies Computational tools 1. Introduction This survey and a companion paper (Gu et al., 2007) present a comprehensive review of the state-of-art of warehouse research. Whereas the latter focuses on warehouse operation problems...
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