check the top two box data tap data analysis at right data analysis plus

Statistical terms
What is statistics?
A way to get info from data. descriptive statistics: organize and summarize data inferential statistics: process of making a: prediction estimate decision

About a population based on sample data
Population: all items of interest
Sample: a subset of a population
Population: all items of interest
Measures of reliability: built into statistical processes (p5) two kinds: confidence level & significance level
1. confidence level proportion of times an estimation procedure will be correct90%-99%
2. Significance level: how frequently a conclusion will be incorrect, in the long run. 1%-10%
Types of Data and Information hierarchy of data traingel base nominal: lable, catagoty numerical values represent categories…”coding data” how to count
=countif(A1:A11)1 (数1 有多少个)
=AVERAGE(a2:a11)
counting the frequency of the numbers used as codes top :interval middle ordinal data: order distances are not equal, eg. records in marathon values must represent the ranked order of data

interval data: all calculations are permissible

random variable: numerical alue random outcome determined by chance upon conducting an experiment

numerical data:v qualitative (categorical) quantitative (numerical)

qualitative data
1. nominal labels, coding, assigned values
2. ordinal order important quantitative data
1. interval differences are meaningfull/usually equal distances
2. ratio differences are meaningfull zero starting point
EX p17
2.3 a. interval b. nominal c. ordinal d.interval e.interval
2.4 a.interval b.interval c.nominal d.interval e nominal

CHAPTER 2
Pivot table chapter 2 eg.10 p32
Xm 02-04 in excel data files

insert pivot table creat pivot table colum 1-3

session 2 bar chart=column chart