...Report on most sustainable brands: Toothpaste Toothpaste is a paste or gel that is used to clean and maintain the aesthetic and health of the teeth. In India many national as well as international brands have presence. When it comes to toothpaste a lot of international as well as national brands compete in the market. Each one of them claims which are unique to their products. There are old major players like Colgate, Pepsodent and Closeup; at the same time local players like Dabur, Himalaya, Vicco and K. P. Nambootiri. Some of these brands claim to be 100% herbal and others promise to give 99.9% germicheck. Majority of the market is shared by Colgate, Closeup and Pepsodent. The following 8 brands of toothpaste were selected to find out which is the best brand in terms of environmental & social responsibility, health aspect and value for money: 1.Dabur 2.Colgate 3.Pepsodent 4.Close-up 5.Himalaya 6.Amar 7.Vicco 8. K.P.Nambootiri The health aspect: Tooth paste is supposed to be really gentle since human have got thin mucous membranes in our mouth that are highly sensitive. In our study we have taken 8 different products of toothpastes which is a combination of pure chemical and herbal. Surprisingly the toothpastes which claim that are herbal rich has also got chemicals in it which is not safe for human body. Some of the herbal toothpaste also possess harmful chemicals such as fluoride, SLS, Sodium benzoate, sorbitol , etc and other abrasives and excipients which are...
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...|[pic] |Teacher Rubric: Oral presentations | ▪ This is a sample rubric for teachers to assess students’ oral presentations. The criteria are based on the standards for LOTE and Communication. ▪ This rubric is designed to be integrated into a scoring sheet. A complete grading sheet typically has a scoring system attached to performance descriptors, and space for comments. ▪ The criteria, performance levels and performance descriptors are suggestions only and can be altered to suit specific requirements. |Criteria |Below expected level |At expected level |Above expected level | |Introduction of topic |Topic introduced. |Topic introduced clearly, and purpose of talk was made |Topic introduced clearly and in an interesting way. | | | |clear. |Purpose of talk was made clear. Outline of points was | | | | |given....
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...erik erikson's psychosocial crisis life cycle model - the eight stages of human development Erikson's model of psychosocial development is a very significant, highly regarded and meaningful concept. Life is a series of lessons and challenges which help us to grow. Erikson's wonderful theory helps to tell us why. The theory is helpful for child development, and adults too. For the 'lite' version, here's a quick diagram and summary. Extra details follow the initial overview. For more information than appears on this page, read Erikson's books; he was an award-winning writer and this review does not convey the richness of Erikson's own explanations. It's also interesting to see how his ideas develop over time, perhaps aided by his own journey through the 'psychosocial crisis' stages model that underpinned his work. Erik Erikson first published his eight stage theory of human development in his 1950 book Childhood and Society. The chapter featuring the model was titled 'The Eight Ages of Man'. He expanded and refined his theory in later books and revisions, notably: Identity and the Life Cycle (1959); Insight and Responsibility (1964); The Life Cycle Completed: A Review (1982, revised 1996 by Joan Erikson); and Vital Involvement in Old Age (1989). Erikson's biography lists more books. Various terms are used to describe Erikson's model, for example Erikson's biopsychosocial or bio-psycho-social theory (bio refers to biological, which in this context means life); Erikson's human...
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...Chapter 1 SIGMUND FREUD AN INTRODUCTION Sigmund Freud, pioneer of Psychoanalysis, was born on 6th May 1856 in Freiberg to a middle class family. He was born as the eldest child to his father’s second wife. When Freud was four years old, his family shifted and settled in Vienna. Although Freud’s ambition from childhood was a career in law, he decided to enter the field of medicine. In 1873, at the age of seventeen, Freud enrolled in the university as a medical student. During his days in the university, he did his research on the Central Nervous System under the guidance of German physician `Ernst Wilhelm Von Brucke’. Freud received his medical degree in 1881and later in 1883 he began to work in Vienna General Hospital. Freud spent three years working in various departments of the hospital and in 1885 he left his post at the hospital to join the University of Vienna as a lecturer in Neuropathology. Following his appointment as a lecturer, he got the opportunity to work under French neurologist Jean Charcot at Salpetriere, the famous Paris hospital for nervous diseases. So far Freud’s work had been entirely concentrated on physical sciences but Charcot’s work, at that time, concentrated more on hysteria and hypnotism. Freud’s studies under Charcot, which centered largely on hysteria, influenced him greatly in channelising his interests to psychopathology. In 1886, Freud established his private practice in Vienna specializing in nervous diseases...
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...Jamie Dodd 1/03/13 Eng 102 Misty L. Jameson Is there a “safe sex”? In today’s generation it seems that the morals and standards of sexual activity that were in existence have vanished. To practice abstinence, or waiting till marriage is considered to be boring and uncommon. The amount of diseases transmitted through sexual intercourse has inclined tremendously within teenagers and adults since the late 80’s. This was caused because people that are sexually active did not practice the “Safe Sex” method, which is using condoms. Teenagers are given condoms because the numbers of sexually active teens are rising rapidly, and more people are becoming infected with a transmitted disease. Just how efficient are condoms if they are used and could this really be a safe way? According to Robert C. Noble in his article “There is no Safe Sex” He stated that “Condoms are not 100 percent safe, but if used properly it can reduce the risk of catching an STD.” Teenagers should not be having sex, argued by adults and guardians. By giving them condoms we are basically encouraging them to be sexually active. But why deny them protection if they choose to have sex? Teens are usually peer pressured into having sex by their friends or significant other and do not know the methods of having safer relations. By informing the youth we can encourage them to make smarter choices and practice safer methods, and hopefully reduce the pregnancy and STD rate. As I mentioned early in my paper about the...
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...Performance is what makes the live hood of oral literature. It means that it is the live execution and realization of oral art. It also includes the responses of the audiences before whom the oral artist performs. It involves both the psychological and the physical being of the performer and his or her audiences (Bukenya and Nandwa, 1983). Performance is generally understood as the delivery or rendition of an item usually to an audience (Minuka, 1994). That means performance is the demarcation between the performer and his or her audience. It’s guided by certain tacit regulation to which every participant subscribes. There is an orderly sequence of events and the context of performance defined or recognized, that means there is a logical connection of words. (Lo-Liyong, 1972), defines Oral literature as the cultural information and values transmitted by the spoken word and received by the ear and responded to by the whole organism in societies where writing was (and still is) not yet the order of the day. Folktales, legends, beliefs, poems, proverbs, tales, council discussions are its forms.\ Oral literature allows for self expression, renewal, innovation and creativity. It gives understanding of our routs and ourselves, let say our culture, our thinking, our life style, our values and our whole philosophy of life is based on that culture where it has been transmitted from one generation to the next generation. Oral literature is the kind of literature which is spread...
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...Sex and Sexuality: Having the Conversation with Our Children Tyra M. Robinson Professor Stacy Hurley Sociology 101 September 11, 2012 Sex and Sexuality: Having the Conversation with Our Children In many countries talking about sex is treated as taboo. (Macionis, 2009, p. 192) Parents are not talking to their children about it. They just tell them not to have it until they are married, and a child’s extent of conversation about sex is asking, “Where do babies come from?” during adolescence. But is this really enough? Is the lack of knowledge on the topic ruining the social outlook on sex and sexuality in our Society? Not talking to our children about sex and sexuality at home leaves them to learn about it from outside sources such as, school, peers and media. Through these sources they might learn how to put on a condom and birth control, sexual diseases, pregnancy and abortion. What about their sexuality? Gender, incest, homosexuality and other sexual issues like rape and molestation? As much as some of these topics may frighten us as parents to talk about with our children, the harsh reality is, they need to know. They should know that sexuality is about more than just having sex. That sexuality is a theme found almost everywhere, and it is an important part of how we think about ourselves, as well as how others think about us (Macionis, 2009, p. 192). As parents we should let them know that sex can be pleasurable, but it can also be very confusing and frightening...
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...What is the Relationship between Being a Young Woman Living in the Urban Area and the Development of Chlamydia Infection? Interamerican University of Puerto Rico NURS 3130 Essentials of Nursing Research Kristi Krieger Professor Ophelia February 1, 2013 1. Balfe, M., Brugha, R., O'Donovan, D., O'Connell, E., & Vaughan, D. (2010). Young women"s decisions to accept chlamydia screening: influences of stigma and doctorpatient interactions. BMC Public Health, 10425-435. In this article they are trying to understand the factors that encourage young women to accept, or discourage them from accepting, STI (sexually transmitted infection) testing. Opportunistic screening entails healthcare providers offering Chlamydia testing to people while they are attending health services that are usually not related to their sexual health. They performed a qualitative study that is to investigate, how young women would feel about being offered opportunistic tests for Chlamydia?; how young women would like to be offered screening, and who they wanted to be offered screening by?; and what factors would influence young women's partner notification preferences for Chlamydia. They put together an interview with 35 young women between ages eighteen and twenty nine. This study was performed in the Dublin and Galway regions of the Republic of Ireland. These young adults were asked to join the study from offices of General Practice, Third Level College health services, Family...
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...The public health campaign was implemented on the 23rd March 2010. The topic and target group were identified based on statistical results, studies and government initiatives. Various methods were used to implement the campaign and questionnaires were used to evaluate the activity. IDENTIFICATION OF NEED AND TARGET GROUP Sexually transmitted infection (STI) was chosen as the topic for the campaign as it is a major public health problem in young people and is in line with the government’s 10 Year Plan (2010) to modernise sexual health and HIV services in the UK and address the rising prevalence of STIs and HIV. Surveillance data in the UK and findings of adhoc studies consistently show that the burden of STIs fall upon teenage women and men (16 – 24). As home to around 14, 878 undergraduate students from over 100 countries (Brunel University, 2010), majority of the population in ABC University is comprised of young people who fall within the age bracket of 18-24. These students are the target group for the public health intervention. While just one in eight of the population are aged 16-24 years old, this group account for around half of all newly diagnosed STIs in the UK (HPA, 2008). London has the highest burden of HIV in England, about one in every two syphilis diagnoses, one in four chlamydia and more than one third of all gonorrhoea infections in England are in London, and increasing teenage pregnancy rate (LHO, 2005). Young people are at increased risk of...
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...much higher among inmates than among those in the general community, and the burden of disease among inmates and releases is disproportionately heavy. A comprehensive response is needed, including voluntary counseling and testing on request that is linked to high-quality treatment, disease prevention education, substance abuse treatment, and discharge planning and transitional programs for releases. General area being studied Sexual activity among inmates is a complex phenomenon that occurs along a continuum, from the entirely consensual to the violently coerced. The New York Times detailed a gang-run system of sexual slavery in a Texas prison, where at least 1 gay inmate claimed he was bought and sold numerous times and “forced into oral sex and anal sex on a daily basis.”9 Recent federal legislation called for research into the prevalence and patterns of rape and other sexual victimization within correctional facilities to inform policy changes aimed at controlling these abuses.9 A Human Rights Watch report presented accounts of sexual slavery from inmates in Texas, Illinois, Michigan,...
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...Introduction The goal of the life span perspective of development is to understand how and why all different kinds of people, everywhere, and of every age, change over time (Berger, 2011). Developmental psychologists study the constant changes we experience throughout life, including physical, emotional, social, and cognitive development. Psychologists also study how we are affected by, react to, and process the world around us (Stone, 2011). The first aspect of developmental science is to understand how and why people change. Another aspect of developmental science is to identify universal similarities and differences among people, and then use that information to unify humanity as well as distinguish us as individuals (Berger, 2011). The most important aspect of developmental science is to understand that people change over time. According to Berger (2001), “Change is systematic, ongoing, and dynamic throughout the entire life span.” Explain the life span perspective of development. According to Paul and Margret Baltes, life-span perspective views human development as multidirectional, multicontextual, multicultural, multidisciplinary, and plastic. Development is considered multidirectional because change occurs in all directions, in every part of life. Human characteristics can increase, decrease, or remain the same (Berger, 2011). Development is also multicontextual. It can occur in many different physical and social environments. We develop, regardless of where we are...
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...things are unacceptable or unpleasant, such as pain, anxiety, or conflict. According to Freud, the unconscious continues to influence our behavior and experience, even though we are unaware of these underlying influences (Krapp, 2005). The id is driven by the pleasure principle. This principle strives for immediate gratification of all desires, wants, and needs. If these needs are not met immediately, we may become anxious or tense. The ego develops from the id and helps express the feelings of the id in a manner acceptable in the real world. The ego operates based on the reality principle. The superego helps give us a sense of right and wrong. It provides guidelines for making judgments The 5 stages of psychosexual development are the oral (infancy to about 18 months), anal (about 18 months to 2 years), phallic (about ages 2 to 6), latency (about ages 6 to 12), and genital (about ages 12 to 18) stages. If these stages are completed successfully, a person will have a healthy personality. Fixation can occur if certain issues are not resolved at the appropriate stage. Until this conflict is resolved, a person may remain in this particular stage (Krapp, 2005). In the video a young girl is...
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...Cory Nelson Donna Kendall March 29, 2003 Propaganda Essay In today's world, a lot of children and young "adults" are partaking in unprotected sex. With the teen pregnancy rates getting higher every week, it seems that sex is becoming more of a trend, or a so-called fashion statement, than a passionate activity. Not only is unsafe sex irresponsible but it can also be extremely deadly. From movies to music, from books to the Internet, sex can be seen just about anywhere today. There are so many websites on the Internet that display sex and with them being open to the public's eye, it's quite difficult to resist looking at them. A lot of the youth in our society seem to be so addicted to sites such as RedTube.com and YouPorn.com that they even allow it to influence their minds. After a couple, primarily a young couple, watches a porn video or movie, they may decide to try some of the things that they have just viewed. Even though they might not have any condoms in their possession, the twosome may still have sex without thinking any further. Most of the teenagers today have favorite movies, not because of the amount of action or comedy they contain, but just for certain sex part that they highly enjoy. Films such as The Sessions and Project X exhibit high quantity of scenes where two individuals are engaging in sexual encounters. The actors and actresses that star in these motion pictures make sex seem exciting and enjoyable for everyone. They also pretend...
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...One can learn a great deal about women’s history from studying women in a particular situation. Discussion of prostitution, a topic that has long excited widespread interest, incorporates ethnographic, historical, philosophical, medical, religious, and sociological elements and can tell much about different societies’ attitudes toward women. Popular attitudes toward prostitution also provide information on a particular society’s beliefs about race, class, gender, and age, as well as eugenics and hygiene, not to mention gender difference in marriage. The variety of sources described here can be employed as a model for students interested in other women’s history topics. Courtesans, or upper-class prostitutes, are among the women often mentioned in traditional histories, from the hetaerae of Ancient Greece, through the Byzantine Empress Theodora, to Diane de Poitiers, the 16th-century mistress of Henri II, King of France. Courtesans have been the subject of Japanese woodcuts, “Pictures of the Floating World,” dating from the Edo Period , and of European portrait painters. Some, like the Madame de Pompadour and Madame du Barry, the mistresses of French King Louis XV during the mid-18th century, came to wield significant power. These women, however, represent only a small percentage of prostitutes, many of whom lived—and still live—in poverty. Both men and women have been employed as sexual laborers throughout history. When Western governments began attempting to regulate prostitution...
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...are chances in which they can be cured but for some, it isn’t an option. An alternative may be to slow it down, but it will remain inside of you gradually weakening the immune system. It is all caused from sexual activity with one that previously acquires a sexually transmitted disease. An STD is vastly transmittable, but 100% avoidable. Sexual intercourse may seem entirely harmless, however the escalating number of those with sexually transmitted diseases confirm that what may appear to be safe can be exactly the opposite. The expression sexually transmitted disease is used to define over twenty-five to thirty infectious organisms that move from one person to another through skin-to-skin contact or the exchange of bodily fluids in the oral, anal and genital areas during sexual activity. It can also be spread through drug users who share their equipment where it would go straight to their blood stream. In addition, pregnant women who already obtain an STD can transfer it to their children through breast feeding. STDs come in the forms of a virus, bacteria, and parasites which can escalate to major health issues such as infertility, permanent brain damage, heart disease, cancer, and death. These diseases can affect both men and women, but often are more harmful towards women due to the fact that women can be infertile if they...
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