...Original title: The English Language performance of ‘Orang Asli’ pupils at primary level in Malaysia: an extensive case study of a Malaysian state Authors: Zuraihan Abd Kassim & Airil Haimi Mohd Adnan BEd TESL programme & UfoRIA UiTM Perak, Malaysia Abstract: English has long been an important subject in Malaysian schools. In fact, the Ministry of Education has recently introduced a new syllabus for Mathematics and Science subjects to be taught in English. Unfortunately, learning a second language is not an easy task as the learner needs to be receptive, responsive and know the value of the language. Certain factors also influence the learner’s capability in acquiring English: attitudes and motivation are some of them. This empirical study examines the performance of ‘Orang Asli’ students in the English language as related to the above factors. This research is the result of our frustration in trying to upgrade the level of English among Orang Asli students. We also wanted to know whether the problems faced by English teachers (in teaching this group of students) are similar across different contexts and situations. In order to limit the scope of this research, we have chosen two language skills namely reading and writing, to explore the complex issues that we have highlighted above. Our efforts were primarily focused on students’ performance in these two language skills, as both skills are important for students to acquire English as a whole. We also felt that these two...
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...ARTICLE 1: COMMUNITY MUSIC LESSONS IMPROVE MINDS OF DISADVANTAGED KIDS SUMMARY This article is written by Shereen Lehman. It was about music lessons can improve the minds of children. Community based music lessons for disadvantaged youth can have positive biological effects on their brains. The children were actively playing instruments themselves rather than passively listening to others’ music. In this article, it explained that the children between the ages six and nine participated in the study published in the Journal of Neuroscience. They all went to public schools and lived in gang-reduction zones of Los Angeles. The children were split it into two groups. One group started lessons right away. For two hours per week, they received training in music fundamentals and learning to play the recorder. Most kids progressed to group instruction with instruments after six months. The second group waited a year before starting lessons. Each year the research team evaluated the children’s ability to process speech. Children who took lessons for two years showed improvements in their ability to distinguish similar sounds. However, these changes were not apparent after only one year. The music deeply engages the emotional system of the brain and children learn best when they’re excited about things. COMMENT Music is an art form whose medium is sound. It is about melody and harmony. Music is something that known as universal language. Regardless of where are you from and...
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...Running head: THE BATEK OF MALAYSIA: A FORAGING SOCIETY 1 Rough Draft: The Batek of Malaysia a Foraging Society Paula Chapman ANT 101: Introduction to Cultural Anthropology Professor: Vasilica Margarit May 12, 2013 I. Introduction A. Thesis Statement The Batek are 'the original people of Malaysia' they make their homes in the rainforest, they are a society that forages, they have a different religious style, well-established traditions social organization, and gender defined roles. II. Body paragraph 1 – Topic Sentence The Batek are a foraging tribe that shares everything amongst their village, they have a community built on the kinship way of life. A. Supporting Evidence As stated in the book, Property, Power, and Conflict among the Batek of Malaysia, Sharing food is an absolute obligation to the Batek, not something, the giver has much discretion over – as one hunter said “If I didn't take the meat back to camp, everyone would be angry at me.” Endicott, Kirk (1988) B. Explanation The Batek feel they have a moral duty to share the food that they forage. They feel that not sharing would be a form of stealing from the group. C. So What? So the main mode of survival for the Batek and their...
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...THE BATEK OF MALAYSIA “An Original People” Carolyn Holmes Cultural Anthropology Prof. Kathryn Cohan July 1, 2013 Introduction In this peaceful society, lives a tribe called the Batek, an Orang Asli society in Malaysia, meaning “Original People”. This tribe is known for being peaceful, and consider themselves as forest people because the forest is their home, and if any form of violence should occur; the person or persons will be ostracized from their community. Their belief is that if you become ill, it is because someone is angry with you without cause, and that person should make it right. Their gender relations consist of men and women working together. The men hunt while the women gather, as in most cultures where there are various foraging bands and tribes. Their social change is their sense of self and sharing. They strongly believe in sharing, and teach their children the importance of their ethics. They believe not only food, but other goods as well. Based on the Batek cultural beliefs and value, gender relations, and social change, how different is their culture from that of ours? Considering they are an egalitarian society. The Batek of Malaysia is a foraging community of people from a nuclear family that live a nomadic lifestyle. They maintain their way of life through hunting, gathering, and trading forest products. The Batek tribe is known for being a peaceful society. In some societies...
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...In 1994, I was graduated from Institute Technology Mara with Advance Diploma in Business Studies majoring in Marketing. Even though my CGPA was not that good, I managed to get a job as a Credit Officer with Kwong Yik Bank Berhad and served the bank for almost 3 years. In early 1997, I resigned from my post at the bank and in order to pursue my dream to become a full time businessman. I setting up my construction company, Prasarana Utama Sdn Bhd, which our major business activities are in Civil, Mechanical and Electrical related works. Our main clients are Government Link Companies (GLC’s), Local Authorities and Government agencies such as Telekom, TNB, Majlis Bandaraya Johor Bahru, Majlis Bandaraya Pasir Gudang and Jabatan Kemajuan Orang Asli. After more than 15 years, I decided in order to enhance my knowledge, management skills and capabilities in business; I must have proper learning approach which only can be obtained by furthering my study to the next level. In order to achieve this, the best option for me is to further in Master Of Business Administration (MBA), which will equipped me with all necessary skills needed to reach my ultimate long term goal. Finally, I really hope and highly appreciate if I am given a chance to further my study in Master of Business...
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...TOPIK | HURAIAN | NOVEL | Tema ialah pengembaraan seorang remaja perempuan yang mematangkan kehidupannya * Amira juga telah berjaya merungkai masalah keluarga yang tragis dihadapi oleh mereka dan menyatukan semula hubungan kekeluargaan antara mereka. Hal ini berlaku apabila isteri Tau, Ipah (Jenifer) meninggalkan Itai dan membawa Sabi (Malique) iaitu abang kepada Itai bersamanya. * Amira mengenali Jachinta dengan lebih dekat setelah dia berjaya mengesan masalah rakannya yang menghadapi masalah apabila bapanya berkahwin lagi. Hubungan Jachinta dan ibu tirinya tidak begitu baik dan dia menolak perkahwinan bapanya. Justeru, Jachinta mengikuti Amira menyertai expedisi ibunya di Bukit Mat Raya * Amira juga berjumpa dengan masyarakat orang asli yang untuk mempertahankan hutan mereka daripada dicerobohi oleh masyarakat yang mengaut keuntungan daripada khazanah alam di kawasan mereka. | PERSOALAN PERWATAKAN LATAR MASYARAKAT NILAI PENGAJARAN | 1. Nilai kasih sayang seorang anak terhadap ibunya * Amira menunjukkan kasih sayangnya kepada ibunya, Prof. Zaidah dengan meluangkan masa menjaga ibunya setelah terlibat dalam kemalangan kereta yang dipandu oleh Pak Lias. * Amiraa sanggup menolak cadangan ibunya untuk bercuti di rumah neneknya, semata-mata dia ingin menghabiskan cuti persekolahan bersama ibunya di tapak arkeologi di Bukit Mat Raya yang jarang-jarang dapat berjumpa.Nilai kasih sayang seorang ibu terhadap anak * Sebagai ibu, Profesor Zaidah memeluk dan membelai...
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...Tahun 1974 bukan hanya disusun berdasarkan prinsip dan nilai-nilai Pancasila dan Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 tetapi juga disusun dengan mengupayakan menampung segala kebiasaan yang selama ini berkembang dalam masyarakat Indonesia. Hal tersebut dilakukan dengan mengakomodir ketentuan hukum agama dan kepercayaan serta tradisi yang berkembang dalam masyarakat, meskipun kadang masih dianggap belum sepenuhnya sesuai. Sebagai upaya mengakomodir ketentuan hukum agama dan kepercayaan masyarakat dalam hukum perkawinan di Indonesia, maka terdapat ketentuan yang berbeda dalam hukum perkawinan di Indonesia yang dapat dijelaskan sebagai berikut: Hukum perkawinan yang berlaku bagi orang Indonesia asli adalah hukum agama yang telah diterima oleh hukum adat; Hukum perkawinan yang berlaku bagi orang Indonesia asli lainnya adalah hukum adat;...
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...Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) Sebelum meninjau lebih jauh tentang pajak yang menjadi sumber pendapatan asli daerah (PAD), pada sub bab ini penulis akan menjelaskan terlebih dahulu mengenai pendapatan asli daerah (PAD). Pengertian tersebut telah diatur dalam UU No 25 tahun 1999 tentang Perimbangan Keuangan Pusat dan Daerah yang dikutip oleh Abdul Halim yaitu : “Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) adalah penerimaan yang diperoleh daerah dari sumber-sumber dalam wilayahnya sendiri yang dipungut berdasarkan peraturan daerah sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku”. Berdasarkan UU No 25 tahun 1999 diatas sumber-sumber Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) baik itu kabupaten/kota terdiri dari : 1) Hasil Pajak Daerah Yaitu iuran wajib yang dilakukan oleh orang pribadi atau badan kepada daerah tanpa imbalan langsung yang tidak dapat dipaksakan dan digunakan untuk membiayai penyelenggaraan pemerintahaan daerah, yang terdiri dari : a. Pajak Hotel b. Pajak Restoran c. Pajak Hiburan d. Pajak Reklame e. Pajak Penerangan Jalan f. Pajak Pengambilan dan Pengolahan Bahan Galian Golongan C g. Pajak Parkir 2) Hasil Retribusi Daerah Yaitu iuran wajib yang dilakukan oleh orang pribadi atau badan kepada daerah dengan imbalan langsung dan tidak dapat dipaksakan dan digunakan untuk membiayai penyelenggaraan pemerintah daerah, yang terdiri dari : a. Retribusi Jasa Umum b. Retribusi Jasa Usaha c. Retribusi Perijinan...
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...Saya pribadi mengingat iklan TjeFuk ini karena iklannya yang “unik”. Selain itu, bukan hanya promosinya saja yang unik tetapi juga karena beberapa bintang iklannya tidak biasa, dengan menggunakan impersonator Almarhum Gus Dur dan Pak Habibie, yang pada saat itu sedang naik daun maka iklan ini berbeda dengan yang lainnya. Menurut saya, cara iklan yang tidak biasa ini yang menjadikan orang aware akan produk TjeFuk sehingga apabila ditanyakan kepada masyarakat bahwa mereka mengetahui produk TjeFuk, saya yakin orang akan mengetahuinya. Berdasarkan hasil survey yang saya lakukan terhadap 20 orang karyawan di kantor saya, mereka seluruhnya mengetahui dan pernah mendengar merk TjeFuk tetapi apabila saya tanyakan apakah mereka ingin membelinya 95 % mengatakan tidak mau dengan alasan takut mengandung merkuri. Hanya 1 orang yang mengatakan akan mencobanya karena adanya rekomendasi dari temannya. Lalu apabila saya tanyakan apabila saya belikan produk TjeFuk, apakah mereka mau memakainya? Sekali lagi yang muncul adalah jawaban tidak. Selain itu, dari hasil googling di internet mengenai produk TjeFuk beberapa orang juga menanyakan mengenai keamanan produk TjeFuk ini apakah mengandung merkuri atau tidak. Beberapa lainnya pernah menggunakannya dan cocok sehingga merekomendasikan dan beberapa lainnya pernah mencobanya sehingga tidak merekomendasikan. Dapat dilihat disini adalah walaupun konsumen aware dengan merk TjeFuk tetapi hanya sedikit sekali yang akan membeli dan menggunakannya, apalagi...
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...When a heart breaks When a heart breaks It won't go quietly It screams about your past mistakes Which isn't very lovely I guess I can understand It was once a vibrant being But it took more than it could withstand Without a chance of fleeing Now it lays in a shattered mess At the foot of my bed The pain never hurting any less But I know I must move ahead I know when a heart breaks It may never mend But it always gives and never takes So now I know this is the end Expressing How I Feel It's been a long time now we have been talking on the internet, And my love is growing each day although we have never met. Words can't truly express how I feel about you, You know my love is authentic, you have seen some clues. I was sad and searching for a mate like a lonely dove, And then you came along to bless me with your divine love. And although baby, we are miles apart, Not a day goes by without you in my thoughts. Sure online I have met a lot of girls, But trust me, you are the only girl for me in this world. We are so compatible for each other, I could never feel this emotion again for another. I can't wait for that day when you are really mines, I know it will be soon, just in a matter of time. If loving you is a sin, then I am the devil, Right now my love for you, is at the highest level. Ketika jantung istirahat Ketika jantung istirahat Ini tidak akan pergi diam-diam Ini jeritan tentang kesalahan...
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...pribumi yang berjuang untuk mempunyai budaya, hak-hak mereka, dan undang-undang yang dihormati dan diterima oleh kerajaan * Dalam siri artikel, Charles Zerner dokumen bagaimana penduduk tempatan mencabar " discovery doctrine " yang tidak menghormati undang-undang adat mereka * Masyarakat pribumi menggunakan lagu, tarian, puisi, dan mimpi dalam memberitahu tentang budaya, hak-hak mereka dan undang undang * Manakala barat menggunakan suatu surat ikatan untuk menyampaikan hak-hak yang sama * Artikel etnografi mendedahkan kita kepada ketidakadilan terhadap orang asli di atas nama pembangunan, kemajuan, tamadun dan manakala pada masa yang sama menyediakan maklumat mengenai undang-undang harta adat. * Pada tahun 1930, seorang etnografer British dan kurator muzium HD Noone menerbitkan peta kawasan tadahan Perak / Kelantan * Ianya merupakn tempat kediaman dan perlindungan untuk beberapa kaum Orang Asli termasuk masyarakat Temiars. * Dengan peta ini tempat kediaman mereka memasuki rekod penjajah. * Tetapi lama sebelum ini, rantau ini telah dipetakan dalam bentuk lagu oleh Temiar pemburu-pengumpul dan horticulturalists. * Pengetahuan masyarakat Temiars diterjemahkan menggunakan medium lagu: perubatan, peribadi, sosial, sejarah, geografi. * Dalam artikel yang ditulis oleh Marina Roseman, “Singers of the Landscape: Song, History, and Property Rights in Malaysian Rainforest,” menceritakan bagaimana masyarakat Temiar Malaysia menuntut hak mereka ke atas...
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...dalam arena politik di Malaysia. Cina pula mewakili 25% daripada penduduk Malaysia dan tinggal di bandar-bandar besar di pantai barat semenanjung. Kebanyakan kaum Cina beragama Buddha, Taoisme atau Kristian, berbahasa Mandarin, Hokkien, Hakka, Kantonis atau Teochew dan lebih dominan dalam bidang ekonomi. India pula membentuk 7.5% daripada populasi. Kebanyakannya beragama Hindu, bertutur Tamil, Malayalam, dan Hindi. Selain itu, terdapat juga kaum Sikh, Serani atau Eurasian dan kaum bumiputera lain. Bahasa Melayu ialah bahasa rasmi Malaysia, tetapi Bahasa Inggeris digunakan secara meluas. Kaum Bumiputera yang terbesar di Sarawak ialah Iban dengan 600,000 orang. Mereka tinggal di rumah panjang, dan menetap di sepanjang Sungai Rajang dan Sungai Lupar. Orang Bidayuh pula seramai 170,000 oarng tinggal di barat daya Sarawak. Orang Asli (140,000) tinggal di Semenanjung Malaysia. Dahulunya mereka merupakan pengumpul hasil hutan, hidup berpindah-randah, dan bercucuk tanam, tetapi kini sudah diserap ke dalam kehidupan moden Malaysia. Walaubagaimanapun, mereka kekal sebagai kumpulan etnik yang mempunyai pendapatan terendah berbanding kumpulan etnik yang lain. Kemungkinannya ini disebabkan sistem ekonomi mereka yang tidak bergantung kepada wang tunai, contohnya makanan dan rumah sebahagiannya dihasilkan dari keluaran hutan tanpa perlu dibeli. Bagaimanapun pihak kerajaan menawarkan peluang pelajaran yang samarata dan ada di antara mereka kini menjawat jawatan profesional seperti doktor. Muzik...
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...Btsisi MY NAME Instructor: MINE ANT101: Cultural Anthropology Sunday July 30, 2012 THE BTSISI’ Whenever the word “kinshp” is used, many of us think of family or a relative. Kinship is defined as a relationship by blood in the dictionary. In a nuclear family there is a mother a father and their children. The nuclear family is also said to be the most common family type. “The nuclear family is most common because, in a foraging setting, it is adaptive to various situations Nowak, B. (2010).” Another type of family grouping is the multifamily which are individuals who reside in the same area. These multifamily groupings are typically ranging between 25 to 50 people to be the optimal size. These multifamily groupings are also referred to as “bands”. The band size is varying based upon the carrying capacity of the environment. “Bands are typically composed of a group of related nuclear families. Sometimes the bands are composed of a few extended families each consisting of a nuclear family with married children, their spouses, and offspring. Such a band composition works best in terms of cooperation and sharing. (Nowak, B.,2010)”. Sororal polygany is when a man marries a group of sisters. Polygyny is stated to create a scarcity of eligible women for marriage because of one man marrying the grouping of the sisters. In some cases the girls are already promised to men before they are even born into existence. Polygyny makes it possible for a 12-year old to potentially...
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...Food Taboos S. King Food Taboos Taboos are found all over the world and can range in various ways. Food taboos are one of the many taboos that are experienced all over the world. They are caused by society norms, religion, morals, and by personal beliefs. Many food taboos are not universal, but the idea behind them can be considered a universal concept. Religion and Spirituality Many food taboos are created because of religious or spiritual purposes. Each culture defines these taboos through social communications and specific rules. Taboos can be used to put boundaries between people and the objects that are tabooed. Because of religion or spiritual practices, food taboos can express group identity and social differentiation between cultures or a single culture which further divides each culture (Lien, 2004). Lien suggests that “classifications of food and edibility are intimately connected to cultural distinctions between society and nature, or between humans and animals, and linked to questions about what it means to be a morally responsible human being” (2004). The ideology of each culture is different based on the definitions and morals of the culture. This is what causes the variations of food taboos from culture to culture. Firstly, food taboos can be based on the specific spirituality or religion of a culture. Specific animals and plants can be banned because of morals within the culture. Lien explains that this might be because food is “intimately linked to the...
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...PENGENALAN Henry Wickham merupakan orang yang bertanggungjawab membawa getah keluar dari Lembah Amazon,Brazil ke England.Daripada 70,000 biji benih yang di bawa keluar dari Brazil hanya 2,700 biji benih sahaja yang hidup.Daripada jumlah ini 1,000 biji benih telah dijual dengan harga 10 pound sterling.Pada tahun 1876,sebanyak 1,900 biji benih telah di bawa oleh Henry Martem ke Singapura.Walau bagaimana pun hanya lima biji benih sahaja yang hidup. Pada tahun 1877,sekali lagi percubaan telah dilakukan dengan membawa sebanyak 22 biji benih ke Singapura, akhirnya percubaan untuk menanam pokok getah buat kalia ke dua ini telah berjaya dilakukan iaitu kesemuanya 22 biji benih tersebut hidup.Di Singapura getah telah ditanam di Botanical Garden, Sembilan biji daripadanya telah dibawa ke Kuala Kangsar Perak pada tahuan 1877.Kesesuaian iklim, kesuburan bumi dan permintaan yang tinggi daripada negara Barat telah menjadikan getah sebagai tanaman yang popular di Negara ini (Nik Kamarudin Nik Abdul Kadir, 1995). Perkembangan industry getah telah menjadi pesat dengan jumlah eksport RM1,368 juta pada tahun 1965 (Chamhuri Siwar & Surtahman Kastin Hasan, 1999). Melalui galakan yang diberikan oleh pihak kerajaan seperti bantuan tanaman semula dan subsidi baja.Kesemua faktor ini telah meningkat pengeluaran getah di Malaysia. Dalam jangka masa tidak mencecah 30 tahun iaitu pada tahun 1905, Malaysia telah mengeksport getah ke England dengan jumlah eksport pertama sebnayak 130 tan dan lima...
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