...Diseases on the Oregon Trail “You have died of cholera.” Children growing up while playing the Oregon Trail video game are familiar with these words. The Oregon Trail was extremely dangerous, and difficult to survive. Although you have probably heard of the diseases travelers faced on the famous trail, do you really know what they are, their effects, and how doctors ‘treated’ them? Travelers expanding westward not only had to avoid harsh weather, injury, and Native American attacks, but they also had to regularly fear fatal diseases. Cholera was the main killer on the Oregon Trail. “Spread through contaminated food or water, cholera released an enterotoxin that effectively flooded the intestines with excess water. This led to continual watery...
Words: 1063 - Pages: 5
...In 1801, Thomas Jefferson wanted to expand the United States, so he made the Louisiana Purchase and sent Meriwether Lewis and William Clark to explore. After eighteen months in the wilderness, Lewis and Clark believed a practical path across the United States had been found. Unfortunately, the path was too rough for wagons. Although the explorers did not find an easy route to Oregon, Lewis and Clark discovered a lot about the previously unknown land. Other explorers found a route for wagons to follow, and travel on the Oregon Trail began. Life on the trail consisted of pre-travel preparation, numerous hardships, and several interesting actions that reflect the realities of life for Oregon Trail pioneers. After deciding to follow others...
Words: 1052 - Pages: 5
...While migrating west about 15000 immigrants are estimated to have died on the Oregon Trail.The Westward Expansion Migration was the migration of about seven million people to the west via the Oregon trail, in 1803 through 1840. It gave America more farmland, double its size, and it helped the population grow. The Westward Expansion Migration was an important part of America's history because it expanded America’s border. Some of the people involved in the Westward Expansion Migration were John L.O’Sullivan, Lucinda Brown, and Meriwether Lewis and William Clark. Meriwether Lewis and William Clark, both played an important part in the westward expansion migration. Despite their different personalities, they were appointed by Thomas Jefferson to go on an expedition. Simultaneously Lewis and Clark went on a two thousand mile expedition. Lewis and Clark were chosen by Thomas Jefferson because of their knowledge and experience. They went on an expedition to explore and discover the land bought in the Louisiana Purchase. Together they discovered the path of the Oregon Trail. The Oregon Trail was the path in which 7 million people migrated to the west on....
Words: 543 - Pages: 3
...The Oregon Forest Practices Act (OFPA) is designed to help protect and preserve the environment through use of sustainable forest management. While the OFPA does do a good job for setting standards it is still lacking in some areas. In this paper the size of stream buffers will be addressed, as well as yarding systems on slopes. While the OFPA already has regulations for stream buffers based on the classification of the stream, it is not enough and should be changed. The OFPA needs to address these problems because under the current regulations it is not properly protecting and preserving the environment of Oregon’s forest. Currently the OFPA evaluates stream buffers based on the classifications, these include two parts the size: small,...
Words: 1822 - Pages: 8
...Marijuana is not defined as a drug. Marijuana is dried, strong smelling plant containing cannabis. It can be smoked, eaten, drink or use as an oil to rub on needed area. When this done it induces euphoria. The use of marijuana started in the 1600 they used it to make clothing, paper and other materials such as that, then around the 1800 they stopped using marijuana for those items. It was still around after that but it was not until the 1900’s when the mexicans started migrating to the United States that it became popular again, this was around the time that people started using is for medical use, along with recreational use. There were many different foundations that felt based of of their research marijuana was bad, and this helped outlaw hemp and other marijuana items. It was not until 1944 the La Guardia committee was able to...
Words: 503 - Pages: 3
...Alaska Brand Audit Brand Inventory History Alaska has been a unique brand for many years. Originally known as Russian America because it was owned by Russia, the origin of the name Alaska is a misconception from the first Russian explorers to venture into Alaskan waters (the original Aleut word "alaxsxaq" literally meaning "object toward which the action of the sea is directed"[Alaska]). When the United States bought Alaska, even though the price was only two cents an acre, it was known for many years as “Seward’s Folly” or “Seward’s Icebox”, after William Seward, the Secretary of State who was primarily responsible for pushing the purchase from Russia through Congress. In the early days Alaska’s brand image was mostly negative. It was known as the “Frozen North”, the “land of ice and snow”, the “land without summer”. Many of these images are from the stories and poetry of Robert Service, Jack London and their contemporaries. A good example of this writing is the poem “Cremation of Sam McGee”— see appendix II, (Service). All these extreme brand images dominated perceptions of Alaska prior to the discovery of gold in the Klondike in the late 1800s. After gold was discovered these negative perceptions were softened somewhat, though they remained rather negative—in large part due to the difficulty of living in the far north. Our Brand Survey We did a brand audit of Alaska to see how well Alaska has worked past these harsh criticisms. To accomplish this we surveyed...
Words: 7487 - Pages: 30
...as Nike Inc. Offered below is a brief summation about Nike Inc. detailing the history and success of the company. Adescription of the product Team Ahas invented is discussed. This paper will give a brief synopsis on the importance of marketing to Nike, as the organization’s awe-inspiring reputation thus far proves it to be a highly-regarded and profitable company to do business with. Included also is the approach to marketing research, which is used to improve the tactics and strategy within marketing for products in development. Team A performed a (SWOTT) analysis which identifiesstrengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats, and trends that will affect the launch of our product. Organizational Overview Nike is known as one of the world’smost influential producers of athletic apparel, footwear, accessories, and equipment.The Nike symbol can be seen on the uniforms and shoes of some of the most popular athletes world-wide. The Nike Inc. mission statement claims “to bring inspiration and innovation to every athlete in the world, if you have a body, you are an athlete” (About Nike Inc., 2013, para. 1).In1950 two men Bill Bowerman and Phil Knight had a vision to ignite a revolution in athletic footwear (2013). Bill Bowerman was a well-known national coach in field and track at the University of Oregon, who searched continuously for ways to stretch the team’s competitive edge. Bowerman conducted many experiments with multiple track surfaces, athletic shoes, and hydration drinks and...
Words: 1698 - Pages: 7
...English 101 Linda Martin Research Paper Jordan Hartt November 29, 2010 Slash/Burn and Chips An argument for Biomass Co-Generation Biomass co-generation is the historically proved approach to energy production. For thousands of years, the Plains Indians (then early settlers) used buffalo chips to build fires to heat their tepees (and sod huts). This was probably the first use of biomass energy in America. Early settlers learned from the Indians to heat their sod huts. After the buffalo became extinct, cow chips were used. On the plains there weren’t many trees and coal had not been discovered there, so this was a matter of survival (Whyte n.d.). Once the chips were dried in the sun they were almost odorless, and placed outside the tepees and sod huts. Western pioneers would modify their stoves to burn cow chips as they were plentiful along the cattle drive trails where the cattle were brought to the railroad cars for sale, and transporting to other areas. They compacted hay and then twisted it into twig-like bundles called cats. When the settlers started farming on the plains, they used corn stalks, corn cobs, and sunflower stalks as a source of fuel. In the United States, the first facility identified as a biomass power plant went on line in 1982. Using corn residues, rice husks, soy beans and sorghum residues, willows, switch grass, and organic waste from land fills as fuel, we could provide enough energy for all the homes in New England (Whyte n.d.). I...
Words: 3497 - Pages: 14
...Experimentation Critique of The Balance Evaluation Systems Test to Differentiate Balance Deficits RES/320 Patti Moser July 5, 2010 CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY: I certify that the attached paper, which was produced for the class identified above, is my original work and has not previously been submitted by me or by anyone else for any class. I further declare that I have cited all sources from which I used language, ideas and information, whether quoted verbatim or paraphrased, and that any and all assistance of any kind, which I received while producing this paper, has been acknowledged in the References section. This paper includes no trademarked material, logos, or images from the Internet, which I do not have written permission to include. I further agree that my name typed on the line below is intended to have, and shall have the same validity as my handwritten signature. Student's signature (name typed here is equivalent to a signature): Sherri L. Eveland___________________________ ___ Experimentation Critique of The Balance Evaluation Systems Test to Differentiate Balance Deficits This article presents the theoretical framework, interrater reliability, and preliminary concurrent validity for this new instrument, the Balance Evaluation Systems Test (BESTest). The goal of this study was to develop a clinical balance assessment tool that aims to target 6 different balance control systems so that specific rehabilitation approaches can be designed...
Words: 1608 - Pages: 7
...Linking Enterprise and Sustainability: a briefing paper for the Cafe Forum, 3 March 2009 This paper looks briefly at the relationship between enterprise and sustainability and is based on research undertaken by CSF in 2009-10, including practice in five other HE institutions. Introduction How ‘enterprise’ and ‘sustainability’ are conceptualised by an institution is key to their coherent expression in policy and practice. Seen in relation, a ‘sustainable enterprise culture’ might be defined as: A deep-rooted enterprise mindset valuing and balancing the sustainable development elements of economic viability, environmental responsibility, and social equity. (Wirtenberg, J. et al, 2008) Currently, two major drivers for change and development in the HE sector which invoke both enterprise and sustainability are: • the contribution of HE to economic development (DBIS, 2009) • the expected role of HE in helping achieve a transition towards more sustainable and low carbon society against a background of climate change and related issues (HEFCE, 2010) Before looking at the University’s interpretations and associated manifestations of ‘enterprise’ and ‘sustainability’, it is worth exploring and unpicking the concepts themselves. ‘Enterprise’ is deployed both in adjectival and noun forms, the former connoting a valuative stance, (as in ‘enterprising’). This leads to a certain ambiguousness in meaning and indeed, interchange between use of...
Words: 2231 - Pages: 9
...Amanda Baron Final Research Paper Practical Uses of Online Gaming in the K-12 Curriculum History and Overview of Topic Online gaming in a classroom setting was unheard of twenty years ago. But now over the past few years, games have gone from social outsider to the sweethearts of the media, technology, and now educational industries. In 1973 John Daleske and Silas Warner created a simple space-craft war, your ship controlled by typed commands. This is thought to be the first ever networked multiplayer game (running on the PLATO network), before the internt as we now know it (Mark 2011). E-learning educators in particular stand to learn a lot about building next-generation learning environments from games. While online courses are usually little more than "online course notes," games offer entire worlds to explore (Gee 2005). While educators wonder if it is possible to create good online learning communities, game designers create virtual societies with their own cultures, languages, political systems, and economies. While completion rates for online courses barely reach 50%, gamers spend hundreds of hours mastering games, writing lengthy texts, and even setting up their own virtual "universities" to teach others to play games (Gee 2005). In short, games have developed a reputation for being fun, engaging, and immersive, requiring deep thinking and complex problem solving. These facts make functional and interactive games a necessity it the modern everyday classroom in...
Words: 1567 - Pages: 7
...Columbia, Dick’s, and Sportswear Financial Analysis Lynnette Villarreal Webster University Abstract This paper will address a financial comparison analysis for three like sportswear companies—Columbia Sportswear Company, Dick’s Sporting Goods and Big 5 Sporting Goods, Corporation. The analysis is conducted by leveraging three kinds of financial statistics used to spot issues in companies’ financial information—common size analysis and ratio analysis. The following is a synopsis of the three companies and their financial comparison. It will provide financial data that managers use to keep alert of anything that should be reporting to there top director of the company. Executive Summary The FINC 5880 course is charged to do a financial comparison of three for profit organizations that are publicly traded. Yahoo Finance will be used to retrieve the latest financial for the three companies. This study will compare and contrast the companies by providing background information. Financial statements provide businesses with the basic tools for determining how well their operations perform at all times. Many entrepreneurs do not appreciate that financial statements have a value that goes further than their use as supporting documents to loan applications and tax returns (Gitman, 2006). These statements are concise reports designed to summarize financial activities for specific periods. Owners and managers can use financial statement analysis to assess the past and...
Words: 5303 - Pages: 22
...mountains proved they were tricky to cross. Thanks to Sakakawea, the group was able to communicate with the Shoshone tribe to acquire horses to cross the extended range of mountains. There is no doubt that Native Americans heavily assisted the group with many things, such as survival. For instance, Sakakawea constantly searched for edible plants, made moccasins and clothing, and allayed the suspicions of approaching Native tribes through her presence. Continuing through the Rocky Mountains, it officially took the group a whole month to cross them. Hungry, sick, and exhausted, they reached a point on the Clearwater River where they were able to continue via water. On October 16th, 1805, they reached the Columbia River near present-day Idaho and Oregon. And, around November of 1805, they were in view of the great Pacific, and “great joy [aroused] in camp.” At last, on March 23rd, 1806, the entire party began its return home. With the goal of exploring as much land as possible, the group decided to split, which lasted for long periods. Lewis’s party decided to explore the northern territories of the Missouri River, while Clark’s party descended the Yellowstone River. Interestingly, on July 27th, Lewis’s group had the expedition’s only deadly interaction with the Natives near present-day Cut Bank, Montana. Two members of the hostile Native tribe were attacked. The expedition then reunited downriver. Along the way back home, the group dropped Sakakawea off at her home in the Mandan village...
Words: 2804 - Pages: 12
...U.S. History and Constitution HIS120 Student Learning Outcomes (SLO) At the end of the course, students will be able to: SLO1. Describe the cultural, geographic and climatic influences on Native American societies. SLO2. Compare and contrast religious, social and cultural differences among the major European settlers. SLO3. Describe the events that helped create American nationalism and lead to the American Revolution. SLO4. Explain the Constitutional Convention, the Articles of Confederation, and the emergence of a democratic nation. SLO5. Explain the U.S. Constitution as it related to the separation of powers, checks and balances, the Bill of Rights, and the major principles of democracy. SLO6. Evaluate the Jeffersonian dream of expansion and its effect on Native Americans SLO7. Describe Jacksonian democracy and the creation of a two party system SLO8. Explain slavery and associated issues that led to the Civil War and its aftermath. Module Titles Module 1—Early American exploration and colonization (SLO1) Module 2—British colonies (SLO2) Module 3—Road to the Revolution and the American Revolution (SLO3) Module 4—Early Republic (SLO4 and SLO5) Module 5—Jacksonian America (SLO 6 and SLO7) Module 6—Road to the Civil War (SLO8) Module 7—Civil War (SLO8) Module 8—Shaping American history: Signature Assignment (all SLOs) Module 1 Early Exploration and Contact with Native Americans Welcome to HIS 120: U.S....
Words: 6289 - Pages: 26
...Research Paper Fred A. Graff Baker College Purpose Statement The topic I chose for this research paper is the National Railroad Passenger Corporation, Amtrak. This was due to the fact that I believe this is the direction America needs to take to reduce demand on oil supplies and cut down on emissions. Mass transit railway systems are cheaper and more efficient than airplanes and automobiles. The problem that exists right now with going to mass railway transit is the fact that many of the railroad tracks have been abandoned, removed or turned into trails for hiking or biking. To reach the rural population is going to be the biggest obstacle facing this much needed service in the United States. This is the area I am going to focus on in this paper. Addressing the problem of reaching rural America with mass transit will be tough but not impossible. My solution would be two-fold, and would entail laying new tracks to old places of service and making hubs that people can travel to with ample (and cheap) parking for their vehicles. The second part would be to invest in busses and start small-town bus routes to pick up passengers in areas where running train tracks would be too inefficient. These busses would run only to and from the train hubs connecting them to small towns and rural bus stops. This plan of reinvesting in the railway system would solve several issues: our reliance on foreign oil, our need to reduce emissions and creating new, long term jobs. Trains can...
Words: 4217 - Pages: 17
