...Melissa Ramessar 212762654 Organic Chem 2020 Lab 4 1.) Variation of [OH] Experiment [tBuCl] (M) [OH] (M) Reaction time (s) Rate Constant k (s-1) Reaction rate (M/s) 1 0.03 0.003 27 3.903×10-3 1.171×10-4 2 0.03 0.006 91 2.453×10-3 7.358×10-5 3 0.03 0.009 135 2.643×10-3 7.928×10-5 According to the experiments, the rate law does not depend on [OH]. When increasing the [OH] in experiment 2, the rate of reaction was lowered tremendously; however that could be due to other reason such as errors rather than the rate law depending on [OH]. These results are predicted for a reaction being a zero order reaction. Using the equation below, it is confirmed that the reactions are zero order. (experiment1/experiment2)=(k1[tBuCl]^A [OH]^B)/(k2[tBuCl]^A [OH]^B ) ((1.171×10^-4)/(7.358×10^-5))=(〖3.903×10^-3 [0.03]〗^A [0.03]^B)/(2.453×10^-3 [0.03]^A [0.06]^B ) 1.591 = 1.591 (0.5) B...
Words: 1002 - Pages: 5
...Introduction A Diels-Alder reaction is a reaction in which a conjugated diene bonds with an alkane to produce a cyclohexane molecule. This reaction works best with dienes that are electron rich and dienophiles that are electron poor. For this experiment, our dicyclopentadiene is the diene and the maleic acid is our dienophile. In a Diels-Alder reaction, sigma bonds are formed from pi bonds. For this particular experiment, cyclopentadiene and maleic anhydride react via Diels-Alder in order to produce an endo-bicyclic product: cis-5-norbornene-endo-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride. This product is a six-membered ring alkene with two sigma bonds. Materials and Methods Materials Used * 3 g maleic anhydride * 5 mL dicyclopentadiene * 8 mL ethyl acetate * 3 mL cyclopentadiene (from distillation) Method 1) A total of ____________ of maleic anhydride was measured out into a 125 mL Erlenmeyer flask 2) Approximately ____________ of ethyl acetate was measured out to dissolve the anhydride. This mixture was then placed on a hot plate. 3) Once heated, ____________ of hexanes was added to the mixture, and then allowed to cool in an ice bath. 4) A total of ____________ of distilled, dry cyclopentadiene was then added and mixed with the ice-cold maleic anhydride solution. 5) The mixture was then swirled in the ice bath until the exothermic reaction ended and we saw a white solid precipitate. 6) Recrystallization was then carried out to purify...
Words: 641 - Pages: 3
...Global strategy of LG Electronics as a leading Korean company Tomikazu Hiraga Senior research Fellow NLI Research Institute Economic recovery in advanced countries including Japan is still sluggish, although corporate financial performance has been recovering gradually. And companies whose business activities in emerging countries experiencing an economic boom account for a larger proportion tend to show better financial performance. Leading Korean companies have a larger presence in the world market and attract considerable attention. I will focus on LG Electronics, Inc., a leading company ranking with Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. in the world’s electrical and electronics industries, with the largest market share in home appliances markets in important emerging countries, such as India, Brazil, and Indonesia, and relatively advanced management methods including corporate governance, which are highly valued, and will discuss features or important points of its global management and personnel strategy in this article. (Reference: Exchange rates as of August 5, 2010 were as follows. The Japanese yen/Korean won foreign exchange rate was approximately ¥0.074 to the Korean won. The Japanese yen/Indian rupee rate was approximately ¥1.87 to the Indian rupee. ) Leading Korean zaibatsu—The LG group The Korean zaibatsu (chaebol), a unique large companies group, is very influential in Korea’s corporate sector. Top 28 companies by market capitalization other than public corporations account...
Words: 2404 - Pages: 10
...Global strategy of LG Electronics as a leading Korean company Tomikazu Hiraga Senior research Fellow NLI Research Institute Economic recovery in advanced countries including Japan is still sluggish, although corporate financial performance has been recovering gradually. And companies whose business activities in emerging countries experiencing an economic boom account for a larger proportion tend to show better financial performance. Leading Korean companies have a larger presence in the world market and attract considerable attention. I will focus on LG Electronics, Inc., a leading company ranking with Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. in the world’s electrical and electronics industries, with the largest market share in home appliances markets in important emerging countries, such as India, Brazil, and Indonesia, and relatively advanced management methods including corporate governance, which are highly valued, and will discuss features or important points of its global management and personnel strategy in this article. (Reference: Exchange rates as of August 5, 2010 were as follows. The Japanese yen/Korean won foreign exchange rate was approximately ¥0.074 to the Korean won. The Japanese yen/Indian rupee rate was approximately ¥1.87 to the Indian rupee. ) Leading Korean zaibatsu—The LG group The Korean zaibatsu (chaebol), a unique large companies group, is very influential in Korea’s corporate sector. Top 28 companies by market capitalization other than public corporations account...
Words: 2429 - Pages: 10
...LG targets to improve market share in home entertainment segment Published on: April 26, 2011 - 23:46 More in: * Business MUMBAI: Buoyed by surging income levels in the country, Korean consumer durables manufacturer, LG Electronics, is eyeing a 32 per cent market share in home entertainment products and Rs 20,000-crore revenue (from India) by end-this year. “Presently, we have a 29 per cent market share in home entertainment products in India and expect to up it to 32 per cent by December 2011,” LG Electronics India’s managing director, Mr Soon Kwon, told PTI here. “We are targeting around Rs20,000-crore revenue by end-2011 as against Rs 16,000-crore last year. We are growing fast in India and will continue to grow in the market,” he said. LG Electronics India has nine products in the segment and plans to launch more models in this segment in the coming days. “India is one of our key markets. Every year, we are launching some (new) models of home entertainment products in India. We will continue to launch more models in the coming days,” he said. Around 20 per cent of the company’s revenue comes from rural India and it plans to increase this by beefing-up its distribution by opening more outlets, he said. Presently, the company has 20,000 outlets pan-India. LG Electronics competes with Samsung, Philips and Whirlpool in the domestic market. India contributes 6 per cent to the company’s global revenue, he said, adding, “we expect it to double to 12 per cent in...
Words: 404 - Pages: 2
...1.0 Introduction of LG Electronics Inc. LG Electronics Inc. is a South Korea multinational electronics company which is also known as the global leader and technology innovator in consumer electronics. The LG Company was a merger of two Korean companies, Lucky and Goldstar, from which the “LG” abbreviation was derived. (Mariush,2012) The company’s headquarter is located in Yeouido-dong, Seoul and the flagship subsidiary of the LG Group. LG has a global sales of KRW (Korean Won) 54.26 trillion which is equal to USD 49 billion in the year 2011. The company operates its business with four business units: mobile communication, air conditioning & energy solution, home entertainment and home appliance. (LG, 2012) It has 75 subsidiaries operates around the world that design and manufacture its products. LG is the world’s second largest flat screen television-set maker after Samsung Electronics Co. (Lee, 2012) Home Entertainment The LG Electronics which is also known as the top global players in home entertainment produces flat panel displays, audio players, video products, monitors, commercial displays and security systems for the consumers and also the commercial markets. LG is not only focusing on creating full-features devices but it is also emphasizing on following the technology boundaries to improve the products. Mobile Communication LG has committed to provide the best ever user experience to expand the next generation of communication by inventing new technologies...
Words: 3058 - Pages: 13
...Extension and Revision of the von Baeyer System for Naming Polycyclic Compounds (Including Bicyclic Compounds) (IUPAC Recommendations 1999) Synopsis, Preamble, VB-1 to VB-5 Contents of Section Synopsis Preamble VB-1 Definitions and Terminology VB-2 Main Ring VB-3 Naming Hydrocarbon Bicylic Systems VB-4 Numbering of Bicyclic Systems VB-5 Main Bridge References for this Section [pic] Synopsis These recommendations document the von Baeyer system for naming polycyclic ring systems described in Rules A-31, A-32 and B-14 of the Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry, Sections A, B, C, D, E, F and H, 1979 and R-2.4.2 of A Guide to IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Compounds, 1993 and extend the system to cover more complex cases. It provides guidance on the naming of ring systems which previously the rules did not cover. The method is to identify the main ring and main bridge which provide the basic bicyclic system and to number these atoms. Then all further bridges, whether or not they include additional atoms, are identified by indicating not only the number of atoms but also the two atoms to which the bridge is attached. The final name also indicates the number of rings and the total number of skeletal atoms in the ring system. Heteroatoms, unsaturation and substituents are indicated in the usual way. Preamble This system of naming polycyclic compounds was first developed for bicyclic compounds by von Baeyer (ref 1) and was extended to tricyclic systems by Buchner and Weigand...
Words: 1366 - Pages: 6
...[pic] Chemistry 2423 Exam 2A [pic] O Cimene – refers toseveral isomeric compounds. The Ocimenes are monoterpenes found within varity of plants fruits. Instructor : Dr. Pahlavan ORGANIC CHEM 2423 EXAM # 2A Sample(Chapters 5,6, and7) Name:__________________ Score DIRECTIONS- Please answer all questions in the space provided as completely and clearly as possible . Show all your work for the writing portions of the exam. PART I – Multiple Choice (3 points each) _____ 1. Species with unpaired electrons are called ___________________ . A. molecular ions B. free atoms C. radicals D. electrophiles _____ 2. Identify the type of the following reaction: [pic] A. elimination B. substitution C. addition D. rearrangement _____ 3. Consider the following reaction. Which species is the nucleophile? [pic] ( I ) ( II) ( III ) A. I only B. II only C. III only D. none of these _____ 4. This process occurs when both bonding electrons remain with one product fragment. A. homolytic bond breaking B. heterolytic bond breaking C. hemolytic bond formation D. radical formation _____5. ...
Words: 2193 - Pages: 9
...CHEM 225 2015-16 Suggested Practice Problems from “Introduction to Organic Chemistry, 5th Ed.” The following problems are not intended for marks, but are highly recommended as a source of practice for you in preparation for the midterms and final exam, as many of your exam questions will follow a similar format. Also, keep in mind that as you progress in the questions for each chapter, so will the level of difficulty – DON’T get frustrated if you have to try the last questions of the chapter a few times to get it. Even though the answers can be found in the corresponding solutions manual, I strongly suggest that you attempt to work through these problems prior to consulting the answer guides. In my experience, the best way to succeed at organic chemistry is to practice, practice, practice! Memorization will not work and will soon become overwhelming. Do not try to do these all at once; the best plan of attack is to set aside an hour or two each week to work on these. If you grasp the concepts of this material, it will make for much easier problem solving in this course. If you have any difficulties or the answers are not clear (the same applies to anything in this course), do not hesitate to contact me at ghallett@stfx.ca or drop by my office (PSC 3025). Chapter 1 1.1-1.16, 1.17-1.19, 1.21-1.24, 1.26-1.32, 1.34, 1.35, 1.37, 1.39, 1.41-1.42, 1.44-1.46, 1.48, 1.501.53, 1.57, 1.60, 1.64, 1.66, 1.67 Chapter 2 2.1-2.10, 2.11, 2.14-2.17, 2.25-2.26, 2.28-2.29, 2.32-2...
Words: 616 - Pages: 3
...My initial opinion prior to the debate is that in regards to what should be allowed to be used as pesticides, I believe that both synthetic and natural pesticides have its advantages and disadvantages. Natural pesticides that are found in certain plants have been specifically derived by that plant to protect itself from harmful pests. Although it may be effective in killing certain insects, it may not be as effective for other uses. For instance: a plant is found to secrete toxic chemicals in its nectar that target fire ants and the only way for the ant to be poisoned would be if it drank from the nectar, or bit into the plant itself. This toxin is contained inside the plant and has no exterior effects to surrounding animals. If a manufacturer extracted the pesticidal ingredients from the plant and turned it into a spray that people can use in their homes, how do we know what kind of effects it will have on the environment? Yes, the ingredients are all natural, but it was made specifically for the plant and it was fully contained in nature. The toxin could have acidic properties and enzymes that could deteriorate surrounding environments and kill other organisms, not just fire ants. Perhaps there is a reason why the toxin is found to be naturally isolated inside the plant. Although there have been negative opinions towards synthetic pesticides, sometimes man-made pesticides may actually be more beneficial to the environment than their natural counterparts. Scientists are able...
Words: 1242 - Pages: 5
...------------------------------------------------- Cavite State University – Bacoor Campus ------------------------------------------------- Phase II, Soldiers Hills IV, Molino VI, City of Bacoor, Cavite The Effects of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Pechay (Brassica rapa L.) Under Drought Stress Condition Research Project on General Biology Presented by: Lozanta, Rose Ann E. Villaflor, Jemeul M. BSE 1 – 1 E Submitted to: Ms. Carol Tamayo Biology Instructor Abstract The assessment of the effects of vermicompost as organic fertilizer and urea as inorganic fertilizer on pechay (Brassica rapa L.) under drought stress condition was obtained through experimental method using fertilization technique. This study will help to determine if the two fertilizers can extend the life of the pechay during drought. The study was conducted under two trials with the same technique using three set ups. The two set ups were put with the respective fertilizer while the other one have no fertilizer and will be watered regularly to serve as control variable. To evaluate the effects, changes were measured in terms of plant height, leaf area length, number of leaves per plant, texture, color and size of stem. The result of variance analysis showed that putting fertilizers on pechay under drought stress condition had significantly affected its growth and can lead into death of the plants. It strongly shows that using fertilizer on plants during drought is not advisable. Table of Contents ...
Words: 2153 - Pages: 9
...STRUCTURAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY. THE SHAPES OF MOLECULES. FUNCTIONAL GROUPS I n this chapter we first briefly review the most important types of covalent bonds encountered in organic substances and the ways in which these bonds are represented in structural formulas. Next we consider the sizes and shapes of organic molecules and how structural formulas written in two dimensions can be translated into three-dimensional models that show the relative positions of the atoms in space. We also discuss models that reflect the relative sizes of the atoms and the way in which the atoms may interfere with each other when in close quarters (steric hindrance). Then we go on to further important aspects of structure-the functional group concept and position isomerism. Our aim is to have you become more familiar with the various kinds of organic compounds and begin to see how the practicing organic chemist visualizes molecules and correlates the diverse kinds of structures that he has to deal with in his work. 2-1 STRUCTURAL FORMULAS The building block of structural organic chemistry is the tetravalent carbon atom. With few exceptions, carbon compounds can be formulated with four 2-1 Structural Fbrmulas 31 covalent bonds to each carbon, regardless of whether the combination is with carbon or some other element. The two-electron bond, which is illustrated by the carbon-hydrogen bonds in methane or ethane and the carbon-carbon bond in ethane, is called a single...
Words: 4779 - Pages: 20
...中山醫學大學醫務管理學系97級 畢業專題 健康促進行為對有機農產品需求之研究 翁聖婷 張卉慈 唐德恆 Sang-Ting,Weng; Hui-tzu,Chang; Te-Heng, Tang 指導教授：蔡雅芳 博士 中華民國101年5月 目錄 摘要 * 緒論 * 研究動機………………………………………………8 * 研究目的………………………………………………8 * 文獻回顧 * 有機農產品定義………………………………………10 * 有機農產品之消費者行為相關之研究………………10 * 有機農產品在醫療照護產業之應用…………………11 * 健康促進行為與有機農產品之關聯性………………12 * 研究方法 * 研究工具………………………………………………13 * 抽樣方法………………………………………………13 * 研究變數與架構………………………………………13 * 量表設計與量表信度…………………………………14 * 資本資料統計變項……………………………………15 * 研究結果 * 產品行銷組合之分析結果……………………………17 * 健康促進量表之分析結果……………………………17 * 購買有機農產品行為之分析研究……………………18 * 分析—人口統計變項與產品行銷組合之關係………21 * 分析—人口統計變項與健康促進行為之關係………23 * 分析—有機農產品行銷組合與有機農產品需求之影響..26 * 討論 * 有機農產品行銷組合…………………………………31 * 民眾健康促進行為……………………………………32 * 討論與建議 * 結論……………………………………………………34 * 研究建議………………………………………………34 摘要 自從二次大戰後，所有國家的生產活動都是即為講求效率農民為了增加產量及因應各類病蟲害所產生的抗藥性和講求效用的藥效性，每年所使用的農藥量和化學肥料量就不斷增加，導致誤食許多重金屬等化學有害成份。直到近年來，民眾健康意識抬頭外，環保意識也漸漸受到矚目，而在台灣人民的所得逐漸增加後，有越來越多的大眾追求自身的身體健康，而要求也越來越高，使得食用有機食品的人口亦相對攀升，除了吃的要營養均衡，也要求吃的無毒與有益身體健康的。因此，為了自己與家人的健康著想和環境保護的兩個理由下，無添加化學農藥的有機飲食必會成為未來的趨勢。有鑑於此，本研究將針對民眾對於自己健康程度要求，對於有機食品的需求度與接受度進行調查。研究目的如下：(1)探討健康促進行為對民眾購買有機農產品之影響(2)探討人口統計變項是否會影響消費者購買有機農產品的意願。我國行政院農業委員會在農產品生產及驗證管理法（民國96年01月29日發布）第三條將有機農產品定義為在國內生產、加工及分裝等過程，符合無使用化學農藥、化學肥料、動物用藥品或其他化學品的農產品，並經依農產品生產及驗證管理法規定驗證或進口經審查合格之農產品；而本研究將強調生態環保及人體健康，且在未使用任何化學肥料及農藥的農地上耕種之農產品，定義為有機農產品。 過去學者認為，消費者可能會因為有機農產品的...
Words: 4169 - Pages: 17
...evolved into the “world’s largest retail chain of natural and organic foods supermarkets.” The product awareness is harder for companies to prove their products are better products compare to other similar products in the market. However, the Whole Food has motivated this trend through the healthiness and wellness by highly selected organic foods. This strategic idea lays out the key areas of opportunity based on consumer requirements, brand equities, and attitudes that convert consumer behavior into purchasing the product. For that reason, Whole Food charged a premium price for the offered products. Whole Food is a leader in this segment of the industry; which enjoys the strong awareness of the brand (Egan, 2009). Whole Foods post strong profit and revenue in the market due to the company’s rapid growth and size, which gives realization about economies of scale in its chain supply. Until the last decade, people did not have enough knowledge about the organic food; therefore, Whole Foods has given information’s about organic products, which made consumer knowledgeable. The company has been pioneered in this segment that utilized well through opening new stores in different areas, for that reason, Whole Food became in a competition with retail leader Wal-Mart as well as other traditional stores. However, Whole Foods' growth and profit may reduce in the near future because Wal-Mart is expanding their sections of organic food along with other products, which makes easy for the consumer...
Words: 634 - Pages: 3
...Entry mode strategy Objectives The prime objective of wholefoods moving into France would be to become the market leader of organic products in retail. This can be accomplished if wholefoods proceed to do the following; Brand positioning Build and reinforce strong brand equity for wholefoods Focus on in-store activities In order to successfully enter the French market the store not only needs to be recognized but favored amongst other similar retailers. A suggestion for this would be for in-store sampling. As introduced in other countries such as Italy and Brazil, the store could host a “try our whole world” event in the opening store. This would not only create a buzz about the store but promote word of mouth, which is the most effective and cost saving form of advertising. Expert opinions and research Wholefoods should not only conduct extensive primary research but get some professional advice on the needs and norms of the average French person, or at least who the suggested product is targeted at. The cultural differences evident in the differing country’s wholefoods has already conquered suggest previous entry skills and action plans. Perhaps the same cultural analysis should be considered while entering France. Famous/relevant testimonials As wholefoods seeks to promote a healthy life style, gaining a celebrity endorsement or well-known iconic , healthy French citizen on board and prompting the store is another mode of entering the French market successfully...
Words: 573 - Pages: 3
