...eBay Inc.: A Case Study of Organizational Change Underlying Technical Infrastructure Optimization Nicole Schuetz*, Anna Kovaleva* and Jonathan Koomey**, *Stanford Graduate School of Business & Emmett Interdisciplinary Program in Environment and Resources, School of Earth Sciences, Stanford University **Steyer-Taylor Center for Energy Policy and Finance and Stanford University Steyer-Taylor Center for Energy Policy and Finance, Stanford University Stanford Law School Crown Quadrangle 559 Nathan Abbott Way Stanford, CA 94305 September 26, 2013 http://www.law.stanford.edu/organizations/programs-and-centers/steyer-taylor-centerfor-energy-policy-and-finance/publications Short URL: http://goo.gl/qDf4rp 1 2 eBay Inc.: A Case Study of Organizational Change Underlying Technical Infrastructure Optimization Nicole Schuetz*, Anna Kovaleva*, and Jonathan Koomey** *Stanford Graduate School of Business & Emmett Interdisciplinary Program in Environment and Resources, School of Earth Sciences, Stanford University **Steyer-Taylor Center for Energy Policy and Finance, Stanford University Executive Summary This work provides a case study of the organizational changes necessary at eBay Inc. to support the development and operation of efficient data center infrastructure, hardware, and software. As a part of this process, the eBay Inc. infrastructure Engineering and Operations team (responsible for the delivery of technical services...
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...With Kava’s lacks a large work pool-50% of the population is under the age of 15, health issues (HIV/Aids and high risk for avian flu), the apparent likelihood of a natural disaster occurring (tidal waves/tsunami, typhoons/hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, and earthquakes just to mention a few), and non-natural disasters (petroleum spills, fires, and terrorism) are destabilizing the island’s infrastructure. With WDW being a well-known hospitality organization that specializes in “creating the magic” for its guests is committing its resources to help Kava. With WDW helping Kava it will not only help WDW but it will also deliver high value to our shareholders as Kava’s resources are critical to the world’s sustainability. Before WDW can determine how best to help Kava, an analysis of the following must be made: 1. How these organizational and environmental issues are going to impact the key stakeholders, and 2. The organizational and environmental issues facing Kava and WDW. Organizational Issues Facing Kava Kava’s organizational issues center around their infrastructure. Even though they do have an...
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...around the world are trying to build and enhance their internet infrastructure and utilize services related to the Internet such as e-Commerce, information connectivity, accessibility, etc. However, studies indicated that network and hardware requirements are not always the major barrier for progressing in these goals. In some cases, cultural, legal or environmental factor may dominate the type of barriers for the expansion of internet related service in many countries around the world. This paper presents challenges and requirements for the enhancement of e-Commerce services in particular for Nigeria. There is little doubt that the high failure rate in Dot.Coms had much to do with misconceptions regarding the ease with which e-Commerce could be implemented. Unrealistic expectations caused tried and tested business rules to be abandoned as hyperbole over took sound business sense. Although it is clear today that the Internet and the Web can facilitate business processes to add value to organisations, the technology has to be managed with considerable care. This research reports on a case study conducted in Kalahari Nigeria, whose parent Company is a well known South African e-Tailing business outfit. The case study highlights several valuable lessons to do with the evaluation of an e-Commerce investment and how to ensure its success. Specifically the case study closely examines aspects of Kalahari’s IS infrastructure management policy, and identifies a set of preliminary e-Commerce...
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...targets in revenue and profitability. However, the probability of achieving profitable growth is heightened whenever an organization has a clear growth strategy and strong execution infrastructure. One without the other impairs the probability of success. Most businesses fall short of achieving their growth objectives for revenue and profitability. In fact, studies report success rates as low as 20%” (para. 1). Why is growth so indefinable? Based on research and experience, there are two major reasons. According to Liabotis (2007), those reasons include “inadequate consideration of opportunities within the core business, adjacent to the core business or within new customer sub-segments and an organizational infrastructure that cannot support successful execution” (para. 1). However, managers can do positive things to improve the chances for success. Two factors that can lead to achieving growth and increasing the probability of success are to strengthen the execution infrastructure by investing in safe bets and initiating a process to identify strategies with a high probability for success. In strengthening the execution infrastructure by investing in safe bets, “a firm’s infrastructure must be up to a standard that supports successful execution. An on-going commitment to creating such an infrastructure is a ‘safe bet’. Achieving this requires (1) eliminating departmental or regional silos, (2) utilizing leading indicators and performance drivers that align with the strategy and...
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...and remarkable role-played by the TDF in urban development sector within eight years since its inception period, HMG/Nepal in view of developing the Board as an autonomous, self reliant, much productive and an efficient financial institution promulgated a separate Act named Town Development Fund Act, 1997. The Act has provided TDF with more autonomy, discretionary power and authority in various fields. The TDF has the following inbuilt social development features: A. Loan triggered urban infrastructure growth - supplemented by grants in appropriate situation. B. Focus on need-specific capital projects to be undertaken by municipalities compatible with their technical and commercial capabilities. C. Linkage with matched contributions by municipalities based on the current revenue generating capability and capacity. D. Upgrading of organizational capability of the municipalities through a. Development of long-range perspective and strategy for urban infrastructure development; Prioritization and sequencing of their competing community needs; Enhancement of their capability to identify capital projects, work out the technical and economic details and plan and execute such projects within budgetary constraints, and Optimization of the use of scarce resources through innovation and improvisation appropriate to local circumstances. Background Town...
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...Jamaica Water Properties A Case Study The case is about an accounting fraud that involves the Jamaica Water Properties, Inc. The fraud was characterized by misapplication of purchase method of accounting for acquisitions, recording fictitious assets, improper accounting for NOLCO, non-recording of appropriate allowances for uncollectible receivables, and misapplication of the percentage-of-completion method of accounting for long-term contracts. Ernest Grendi made the fraud possible, company CFO as helped by three senior accountants. These were aimed to inflate the price of the company stocks because of overstated earnings that caused them to receive sizable bonuses. However, JWP internal auditors just tolerated all of these because of their fear of being fired. In addition, Ernst & Young, the company’s external auditor, knowing the fraudulent activities, have been issuing an unqualified opinion for six consecutive years. This has been seen as a product of the close relationship between Grendi and his co-conspirators with E&Y. 2011 JAMAICA WATER PROPERTIES: A Case Study Jamaica Water Properties A Case Study The case is about an accounting fraud that involves the Jamaica Water Properties, Inc. The fraud was characterized by misapplication of purchase method of accounting for acquisitions, recording fictitious assets, improper accounting for NOLCO, non-recording of appropriate allowances for uncollectible receivables, and misapplication of the percentage-of-completion...
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...MANAGEMENT DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS Infrastructure development is the most crucial factor for India's economic and social development. If we are talking about a double digit India's GDP growth for next 10-15 years we have to invest in the infrastructure development to achieve and sustain this growth. India has the necessary human and natural resources for becoming world's leading economy but without infrastructure these assets cannot be adequately utilized. Last twenty years of our journey has been quite enriching for the company and for all of us. It has been a continuous process of learning and today we are comfortably placed among our peers with a diversified and substantial order book. We have grown multifold and have been able to sustain this growth because of the dedicated and committed efforts of the entire team. From a small construction company we have matured ourselves in a large and diversified infrastructure organization. We have shown stellar business and financial performance year-on-year and have forayed into different business segments of the infrastructure sector. Economic and Industry Overview Supported by strong fundamentals and the Central Government's proactive measures India has been the most resilient and efficient economy to come out of the economic crisis. India's GDP growth for 2009-10 is estimated at 7.2 per cent. With an assumption of sustainable good performance of the industry and services sectors, the latest RBI projection placed the real GDP growth...
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...Jamaica Water Properties A Case Study The case is about an accounting fraud that involves the Jamaica Water Properties, Inc. The fraud was characterized by misapplication of purchase method of accounting for acquisitions, recording fictitious assets, improper accounting for NOLCO, non-recording of appropriate allowances for uncollectible receivables, and misapplication of the percentage-of-completion method of accounting for long-term contracts. Ernest Grendi made the fraud possible, company CFO as helped by three senior accountants. These were aimed to inflate the price of the company stocks because of overstated earnings that caused them to receive sizable bonuses. However, JWP internal auditors just tolerated all of these because of their fear of being fired. In addition, Ernst & Young, the company’s external auditor, knowing the fraudulent activities, have been issuing an unqualified opinion for six consecutive years. This has been seen as a product of the close relationship between Grendi and his co-conspirators with E&Y. 2011 JAMAICA WATER PROPERTIES: A Case Study Jamaica Water Properties A Case Study The case is about an accounting fraud that involves the Jamaica Water Properties, Inc. The fraud was characterized by misapplication of purchase method of accounting for acquisitions, recording fictitious assets, improper accounting for NOLCO, non-recording of appropriate allowances for uncollectible receivables, and misapplication of the percentage-of-completion...
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...INTRODUCTION OF COMPANY:- Punj Lloyd Group is a diversified international conglomerate offering EPC services in Energy and Infrastructure along with engineering and manufacturing capabilities in the Defence sector. The Group’s key strengths are its varied experience, rich knowledge of local conditions, high standards of health, safety, quality and environment, accolades and recognitions from industry bodies and clients, its ability to manage operations in diverse industries and economies, long-term relationships with world-class clients and ability to mobilize financial resources. The huge fleet of equipment Punj Lloyd owns gives the company an edge over its competitors. In its pursuit of business, the Group endeavors to uplift the community where it operates. Social and environmental concerns are closely interwoven in Punj Lloyd Group’s core practices and decision making. From providing education to many underprivileged children through its own school to enriching the lives of thousands of workers at its sites, Punj Lloyd is committed to the cause of community enrichment. HISTORY OF THE COMPANY:- 1988 The dawn of Punj Lloyd Engineering Private Limited 1989:- Renamed Punj Lloyd Private Limited 1992:- Becomes Public Limited and wins its first overseas pipeline contract in Indonesia 1993:- Gets its first Middle East Contract for Field Development 1995:- Gets its 1st EPC contract in Oil & Gas sector in India 1998:- Awarded a project for the construction of...
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...MODULE 1 (Sarah Prady) Identifying Global Business Opportunities Global Business Opportunities We are a construction company that focuses on the future of the environment as well as people all over the world. We have a lot of experience, passion, and knowledge about constructing homes that are energy and meet the universal green standards. Our core business consists of constructing “green” homes for people to purchase in hopes to live a more eco friendly lifestyle in order to help save our planet and our future. Potential Markets Although there are several markets available all over the world right now, we are currently focusing our energy and attention on expanding and developing overseas in Russia. Unfortunately Russia is very advanced already and has recently begun to expand their business’s efforts towards reaching the consumers within the “green” market. Russia currently has one company that is already succeeding within this field due to the fact that they are local from the country, start up cost are high and equipment is more accessible. However, given the current economical conditions anything is possible and any business can be successful to those willing to take risks. Absolute and Comparative Advantage I would not say that Russia has a comparative or absolute advantage overall. We both have the equal resources and opportunities to gather materials necessary, we are both large in size, and we both have the same advances and availability of technological...
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...Policy Brief: Public and Private Partnerships Executive Summary: Public and Private Partnerships (PPP's) describes the partnership between the Public Sector (Government) and the Private Sector (Business) working together through financing, design, constructions, renovation, management or maintenance of infrastructures to provide public services for citizens. National, state, and local governments worldwide all face tremendous budget gaps and therefore are increasingly adopting Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) models as a means to provide critical infrastructure service delivery. As Public Administration Students it will be important for us to understand the role of PPP's as well as how to use them efficiently, relevant to Public Financial Management. It will also discuss the social, economical, and political factors that play a role in PPPs. Overall PPP's should be used because they provide much-needed capital for projects; they can also serve as models of efficiency and reliability and be champions of high levels of accountability and transparency. In addition, PPPs can be cost-effective and time efficient. Statement of Issue: How can Governments use PPP's effectively? Improving the delivery of services for "Wicked Problems" is a critical need for many governments. "Wicked Problems" often include emergency policy challenges in transportation, the environment, and health and human services (Battagilo) Background information: PPPs were initiated in the United Kingdom...
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...the reasons for investments on infrastructure by the private sector. Today, there are prisons, water supply, roads, airports and other activities that request a high investment managed by the private sector. It can be done through concessions, privatization or public-private partnerships (PPP). About the private investments on airports, ICAO has allowed the less interference by the states at the airport administration. So, this paper proposes to demonstrate that the application of public private partnership at Brazilian airports is worthwhile. KEY WORDS: airport; privatization; public private partnerships Electronic copy available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1506109 INFRASTRUCTURE The definition of infrastructure varies from country to country and in the doctrinal field. As for the countries, governmental policy defines what is basic, essential and crucial for the development of the nation. The doctrine splits infrastructure into economic and social, being subdivided into hard and soft (Grimsey & Lewis, 2004). Economic infrastructure is considered the one providing intermediate services for business and industry, and aims to optimize production and innovation initiatives. Social infrastructure, on the other hand, consists in providing basic services for the families, optimizing quality of life and the wellbeing of the community. The chart below is an example of the classification mentioned (Grimsey & Lewis, 2004): Table 1. Infrastructure classification...
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...Previous Plans and Target for Twelfth Plan 18 Table 2.2: Broad Macro-Economic Parameters - Previous Plans and Target for Twelfth Plan 19 Table 2.3: Projection of Centre’s Resources for the Twelfth Five Year Plan (2012-17) (Figures in Rs Crore at Current Prices) 23 Table 2.4: Projection of Centre’s Resources for the Twelfth Five Year Plan (as per cent of GDP) 24 Table 3.1: Projected Energy Demand 29 Table 14.1: Construction Sector: Contribution to GDP 122 Table 14.2: Construction Components Involved in Creation of Physical Infrastructure 122 Table 14.3: Requirement of Human Resources for Construction (2022) 123 Charts Chart 2.1: Gross and Net Tax Revenue to Centre as a Proportion of GDP 26 Boxes Box 1.1 Flagship Development Programmes 4 Box 3.1 Promoting Energy Efficiency 30 Box 4.1 Public Private Partnerships (PPP) in Infrastructure 42 Box 5.1 National Action Plan for Climate Change 57 Box 8.1...
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...communities continue to expand Water Authorities and Agencies are compelled to re-evaluated, re-think and restructure current urban infrastructures. Water professionals must now adapt to the changing and increasing needs of larger populations, larger economies and the consistent growth associated with urbanisation. Cited in a recent report by the United Nations Ecosystems Programme UNEP, experts believe that current water resources supply will not sustain global demand by 2030 and demand will outweigh supply by at least 40%, highlighting Africa as a region set to be hardest hit. The reliability and sustainability of Water Distribution Systems and Networks is now more than ever before are survival imperative to the achievement of Millennium Development Goals (MDG’s) in Africa and the transformation of the African Diaspora. Water supply and sanitation services, believe it or not, have the greatest impact on the eradication of hunger and poverty, reducing child mortality, increasing basic literacy in Africa and creating more jobs through sustainable economic development. Join us at this topical and highly practical programme. Register Now!! Just A Few Reasons Why You Need To Attend This Highly Informative and Interactive Event There are prevalent backlogs in water infrastructure development and maintenance shortfalls are to be on-going. Current infrastructure is ageing and reaching its’ serviceable lifespan There are insufficient...
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...ITC eChoupal case Farmers in rural communities of India relied on Department of Agriculture, government, universities, insurance companies etc. for various inputs such as weather, new and scientific farming practices and insurance coverage. There was an indirect link between farmers and manufacturer via input retailers who source from wholesalers. During harvest, farmers bring these produce to Mandis bearing their own transportation cost; where beans are auctioned to the traders and agents of the processing companies in an open outcry method. This system was flawed and always leaves the farmers in a disadvantageous position. ITC, one of India’s leading private company saw the opportunity to develop the concept of eChoupal. Its main objective is to re-engineer the procurement process of the sale of the farmer’s produce. ITC motivation to crating e Choupal is to revolutionize the agricultural sector and make it more technology driven. eChoupal (virtual market place) was introduced as an initiative to improve the supply chain by linking directly with farmers for procurement. It was also designed to play the role of a social gathering place, for the exchange of information as well as a place for e-commerce transactions. The eChoupals are operated by a sanchalak (operator), who also act as an ITC salesman. The process was simple as the farmer can take a sample to the kiosk, show the sanchalak who gives a quote. If the quote is deemed attractive by the farmer, he will accept and...
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