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Technology is the information, equipment, techniques and processes required to transform inputs into outputs. This chapters outlines four different technology-structures.
Joan Woodson
Woodson’s research focuses on production technology and is only applicable to the manufacturing industry. Woodson divided technologies in three types: 1. Unit production: technology where units are custom-made and work is non-routine 2. Mass production: mass-production technology 3. Process production: standardised processing technology

Charles Perrow
Perrow concentrates on knowledge technology. He claimes that knowledge technology has two dimensions: 1. Task variability: exceptions encountered in performing a task 2. Problem analysability: methods for adequately responding to task exceptions
Parrow developed a matrix of those dimensions resulting in four types of technology 1. Routine technology: few exceptions and easy-to-analyse problems 2. Engineering technology: large numbers of exceptions can be handled in a rational and systematic manner 3. Craft technology: relatively difficult problems but with a limited set of exceptions 4. Non-routine technology: many exceptions and difficult-to-analyse problems
Later Perrow identified the key aspect of structure that could be modified to the technology: 1. Amount of discretion that can be exercised for completing tasks 2. Power of the groups to control the unit’s goal and basic strategies 3. Extent of the interdependence between these groups 4. Extent to which these groups engage in the coordination of their work

James Thompson
Thompson demonstrated that technology determines that selection of strategy reduces uncertainty and that specific arrangements can facility uncertainty reduction. He made a difference between three types of technology: 1. Long-linked technology:

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