...DAWN NEWSPAPER | PAKISTAN HISTORY TERM REPORT | 20th February, 2014 | Anoosha HaroonSaneeza AsrarShafaq ShafqatNazia KhanSyeda Aminah Asim12/18/2014 | NATIONAL ANOOSHA HAROON Headline “PLEA TO BOOK MUSHARRAF IN DRONE CASE REJECTED” Drone attacks in Pakistan started off in 2004-2005 under the presidency of General Pervez Musharraf and targets the northern areas especially North-Waziristan. These U.S drone attacks have been condemned by all political parties and they have protested to show their agitation. The reason behind these drone attacks is to get rid or terrorists and Talibans but it is not the most efficient and precise way as U.S claims it to be. Because many innocent civilians have lost their lives because of these drone attacks. Lately, a petition was filed against Mr. Musharraf and alleged him for making a deal with U.S secretly and that there should be a legal action against him. This petition also requested the court to direct the Secretariat police to register an FIR against the former president General Retired Pervez Musharraf. The petiton referred to an interview which Mr. Musharraf gave in April, 2013 in which he said that yes he did allow U.S drone attacks “but only on few occasions when target was isolated and there was no chance[s] of collateral damage”. This was the first time that any Pakistani official accepted the fact that they had granted permission of drone strikes. This petition was however rejected and considered as not...
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...Introduction: Sexual education teaches people that sexuality is a natural, normal, healthy part of life and sexual education is needed in high schools to teach young adults not only the dangers of sex such as unwanted pregnancies or STDs, as well as the many other aspects to sex that aren’t spoken about such as identifying ones sexual preference (gay, straight etc.), relationships, protection, the emotional aspect of it, the maturity required and how sex actually works and not just the sexual organs which is what is usually taught to young adults who are going through adolescence which is a very challenging time for many. Sexual education should clarify the issues involved with the topic and not confuse people. Sexual education is needed everywhere...
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...Organization Citizenship Behavior For Organizational Performance BUS2010 Organizational Behavior Term Members Section 2 Group 5 Date of Submit: 29th April 2013 Date of Presentation: 17th May 2013 CONTENTS PAGE ✓ Introduction……………………………………………………………………….…1 ✓ Low Organizational Citizenship Behavior for Organizational Performance…….….2 ✓ Excessive Organizational Citizenship Behavior for Organizational Performance….4 ✓ Suitable Organizational Citizenship Behavior for Organizational Performance ...…6 ✓ Conclusion……………………………………………………………………….…10 Recommendations……………………………………………………...…..…11 ✓ Group Learning Refluences………………………………………………………….11 ✓ References LIST OF ILLUSTRATUIBS TABLE PAGE 1. Ordinary Least Squares Regression Parameter Estimates for Work Crew OCBs on Quantity and Quality…………………………………………9 Introduction Nowadays, the growing number of companies and researches have focused on and had the argument about the organization citizenship behavior for the organizational performance, especially the way of organization citizenship behavior affecting organizational performance. Some of them believe it in an easy way that the more attention is paid on organization citizenship...
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...and therefore themselves. The water crisis in Flint, Michigan demonstrates the principles of “Environmental Racism” and shows how the factor of race exacerbated a situation and the adverse health effects that came with it for its residents. The city of Flint is composed of 56% of its residents are African American, and 40% are below the poverty line (White 2/6/2018). In April of 2014, the city switched its water supplier after the appointment of an emergency manager in order to reduce costs. Just a few months later, high levels of lead and other harmful compounds were found in the water, signaling unsafe drinking water. Several health complications arose throughout the community from the high exposure to lead, including, brain fog, memory loss, immune system complications, bone sensitivity, liver damage, and organ failure (White 2/6/2018). Lead poisoning in both adults and adolescents became a major problem as well. Along with these physical ailments brought about by the lack of clean water the citizens of Flint also suffered economic crisis—paying more for undrinkable water than anywhere else in the country while left with home and pipes contaminated with lead. The affluent and majorly white members of government ignored the community’s concerns yet drank from newly installed water coolers in state buildings. The community’s lack of representation and ability to have a voice in the decision-making process when working to resolve this crisis only hindered the progress and lead...
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...demise of the Soviet Union caused principally by American policies or growing domestic unrest across the Eastern bloc? Student Name: XIANG MA Student ID Number: 2112688 Module Code: V12153 Module Title: The Contemporary World since 1945 Module Convenor: Sarah Browne At the end of 1991, the Soviet Union, the world’s first socialist country with the largest territorial area suddenly disintegrated without any war and foreign invasion, which was one of the most important global events in the 20th century and it shocked the world to a huge extent[1].Since then, there have been heated debates and discussion about what caused the demise of the Soviet Union. Some scholars think that internal factors such as social crisis and growing domestic unrest led to the end of the Soviet Union while others believe external factors like the policies of the US and Western Europe resulted in the end of the Soviet Union. This essay strongly agrees that the demise of the Soviet Union was caused principally by growing domestic unrest across the Eastern bloc rather than American policies. The Soviet Union was a multi-ethnic country built on the ruins of the Czarist Russia characterized by its nation. The ethnic issue of the Soviet Union was longstanding. During the history of more than 370 years starting from Moscow Grand Duke Ivan IV declared him to be Czar and established the Czarist Russia in 1547 until the Czarist Russia was overthrown in 1917, the Czarist Russia merged...
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...Student’s Name Instructor’s Name Course Date Keynes and Hayek Introduction In 1929, the stock market has crashed. John Maynard Keynes, a Cambridge University economist and a government advisor, and Friedrich von Hayek, an Australian professor of economics, introduced two contrasting view points on the economy. Since the end of World War II, their ideas have dominated in the economic science up to date. After World War II, a major question on the government’s appropriate role in the economy has erupted. Keynes established concepts that called for a large role of the government in the economy. He alleged that the government had an obligation to use an approach of boosting the economy during a depression. On the other hand, Hayek felt that the government did not have to intervene during an economic depression because the forces of demand and supply and laissez-faire would bring equilibrium. Keynes’ book called Treatise on Money created a basis on his policies. Hayek, together with Gunnar Myrdal, received the Nobel Prize for economics in 1974 for their pioneering effort on the theory of money and economic variations. Haynes has criticized Keynes’ work in many of his books standing by his principles; for example, in his famous book called Against Keynesian Inflation published in 1974 (Hoover 86). Keynes based his argument on the presence of a central body that could use monetary, fiscal, and other physical mechanisms carefully to ensure a balance in the economy....
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...Through its exquisite examples, and compelling tone, Michael Sandel's article "What Isn't for Sale" advises that we need to recognize that our markets are taking over our personal lives and we have become a market society. Anything and everything are for sale these days in our nation. Sandel affirms that over the past thirty years our markets have changed from market economies to market societies. In agreeing with Mr. Sandel on this issue, we must understand the message he is trying to convey. It is possible to do so with the following reasons. We can’t allow for causes such as greed to take place, the consequences of inequality and corruption to happen, and open dialogue and debate need to take place so we all can agree how far markets can enter into our daily lives. First a brief summary of the article we are speaking about. One major aspect in the article is it speaks in detail about how anything and everything have become essentially for sale now. Dating back to when the Cold War had come to an end, markets and market mentalities were becoming very powerful. We began to enter into as Sandel states, “An era of market triumphalism.” In the early 80’s, Margaret Thatcher and Ronald Reagan affirmed their belief in markets, and not government, held the decisive component needed for success and privilege. Years later when Bill Clinton and Tony Blair came into the picture with their market friendly liberalism mitigated but cemented that markets were for the greater good...
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...Domestic Violence Introduction Domestic Violence Against Women is a global issue reaching across national boundaries as well as socio-economic, cultural, racial and class distinctions. It is a problem without frontiers. Not only is the problem widely dispersed geographically, but its incidence is also extensive, making it a typical and accepted behavior. Only recently, within the past twenty-five years, has the issue been "brought into the open as a field of concern and study" (Violence Against Women in the Family, page 38). Domestic violence is not an isolated, individual event but rather a pattern of repeated behaviors that the abuser uses to gain power and control over the victim. Unlike stranger-to-stranger violence, in domestic violence situations the same perpetrator repeatedly assaults the same victim. These assaults are often in the form of physical injury, but may also be in the form of sexual assault. However the abuse is not only physical and sexual, but also psychological. Psychological abuse means intense and repetitive humiliation, creating isolation, and controlling the actions of the victim through intimidation or manipulation. Domestic violence tends to become more frequent and severe over time. Oftentimes the abuser is physically violent sporadically, but uses other controlling tactics on a daily basis. All tactics have profound effects on the victim. Perpetrators of domestic violence can be found in all age, racial, ethnic, cultural...
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...115 Double loop learning in organizations By uncovering their own hidden theories of action, managers can detect and correct errors Chris Argyris Why are employees reluctant to report to the top that one of their company's products is a "loser" and why can't the vice presidents of another company reveal to their president the spectacular lack of success of one of the company's divisions? The inability to uncover errors and other unpleasant truths arises from faulty organizational learning, says this author. Such habits and attitudes, which alJow a company to hide its problems, lead to rigidity and deterioration. The author descrihes how this process can be reversed hy a method he calls double loop learning. Chris Argyris is James Conant Professor of Education and Organizational Behavior at Harvard University, and is the author of numerous publications on executive leadership and organizational effectiveness. Several years ago the top management of a multibillion dollar corporation decided that Product X was a failure and should be dropped. The losses involved exceeded $ioo million. At least five people knew that Product X was in serious trouble six years before the company decided to stop producing it. Three were plant managers who lived daily with the production problems. The two others were marketing officials, who perceived that the manufacturing problems could not be solved without expenditures that would raise the price of the product to the point where...
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...Inferiority complex An abnormal or pathological state which, due to the tendency of the complex to draw unrelated ideas into itself, leads the individual to depreciate himself, to become unduly sensitive, to be too eager for praise and flattery, and to adopt a derogatory attitude toward others. ers. every human being is born with inferiority feelings. For physical weakness and defects in some parts of body will contribute to emotional problems. I have undergone two times of liver transplant. One is when I was 13 and the second time is at 19. Since my first transplant, I had a big scar on my abdomen. I used to think that I was a weaker person because I had less energy and easier to get tired compared to other normal people. In this connection, I always think that I am weaker than others. I feel inferior and have low self-confidence. These are some feelings and personality arose from psychological inferiority. http://www.davidcox.com.mx/library/L/Lin,%20Timothy%20-%20Inferiority%20Complex.pdf The My life is always connected to these previous unpleasant experiences. The parental attitudes are also important in shaping my personality. Since I was My parents seldom praise me when I behave well or get good academic results. They tend to think that it is my responsibility to be a good child. Their attitude makes me never feel proud of my achievements even I was viewed as a good student by others. My mum disapprove me when my behavior didn’t meet their expectation...
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...The Idea of Pakistan 1. The central question that Stephen Cohen grapples with in his book, The Idea of Pakistan, is what is Pakistan? Is it a ‘rogue state’, ‘a delinquent nation’, ‘Taliban East’ a ‘failing state’ or just ‘misunderstood but an effective US ally’ (p. 2)? To probe beyond these descriptions of Pakistan, Cohen has two purposes in mind. First, he wants to demonstrate why Indian Muslims felt the need for a separate homeland to pursue their ‘civilizational destiny’. Second, he wants to narrate how the state of Pakistan has evolved into a military-dominated entity that has nuclear capabilities, hostile relations with its neighbours and is characterized by weak economic institutions and socio-political strife. It is clear from this narrative, that Cohen wants to understand Pakistan’s past to predict the future - whether Pakistan will fail as a state or manage to scrape through all its troubles and emerge as a ‘normal state at peace with its neighbours’? 2. Cohen’s point of departure is to assess ‘failure’- a term that he thinks is imprecisely used to describe Pakistan. He argues that to make such an accusation one needs a nuanced definition of failure. If failure is defined as the inability to live up to past expectations, to deal with catastrophe, to run a successful economy and to lead the country with a certain vision in mind, then Pakistan’s performance has been dismal. But Cohen pushes the line that it is not a failed state as the possibility of resurrection...
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...Journalism and Society (MMC 911) Individual project Aisha Ahmed Objectivity in American journalism is a myth: A case study of CNN reports Introduction According to Kevin Carson 2012, the customary ideal objectivity in journalism, otherwise termed as ‘she’ said, ‘he’ said and ‘stenography’ in modern day media practice can be trace to Walter Lippmann. Lippmann’s opinion of the government and society is that, substantial questions are best in the hands of professionals with exposure to scientific understanding, which guard them against stereotypes as well as emotional symbols governing public discuss. (Carson). The question on the existence of an ideal journalistic objective has opened the ground for debate over the years. To some scholars, a standard of objectivity exist, while others have argued that the term is a complete myth. However, there are scholars, who believe that instead of objectivity, journalist should strive for fairness and accuracy in reporting, (neutrality). From a personal perspective, and in agreement with the second school above, objectivity as journalistic ethic is a mere fiction. In fact, it is a plot to disengage and cripple the traditional obligation of journalist to educate its readers, and...
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...Contents 1 a) Examine the arguments in favour of a free market system of resource allocation. ..................................... 1 1 b) Explain how market failure can occur and suggest how the government in a country of your choice has sought to correct those market failures. .............................................................................................................. 4 ‘Too big to fail, too big to bail’........................................................................................................................... 5 2. A) Examine how the government of a country of your choice has adjusted its monetary and fiscal policy in response to the world’s downturn. Explain the reasoning behind these adjustments. ........................................ 7 Suggestions offered by EU ................................................................................................................................. 8 Applying fiscal and monetary policy by the Government .................................................................................. 8 Conclusion .......................................................................................................................................................... 9 2 b) Indicate the problems which are created for the government’s finance as a result of it seeking to avoid deeper recessions. What solutions might you recommend?.............................................................................. 10 What...
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...The People's Republic of China ranks since 2010 as the world's second largest economy after the United States. It has been the world's fastest-growing major economy, with consistent growth rates of around 10% over the past 30 years. China is also the largest exporter and second largest importer of goods in the world. The country's per capita GDP (PPP) was $7,544 (International Monetary Fund, 94th in the world) in 2010. The provinces in the coastal regions of China tend to be more industrialized, while regions in the hinterland are less developed. As China's economic importance has grown, so has attention to the structure and health of that economy. China’s population can be divided into roughly 3 parts: farmers (about 700-800 million), rural migrants (150-250 million) and urban residents (250-350 million). Demographically and politically, China’s rural sector is the most important. The Chinese Communist Party owes its initial success to rural residents; Mao Zedong depended heavily on soldiers from rural areas in his battles against both the Chinese Nationalists (Kuomintang) and invading Japanese soldiers. Biggest Challenges to China’s economy Since 1978 the Chinese economy has maintained economic growth at an average of nearly 8%. By western standards this is remarkable. The UK, by contrast, has grown at an average rate of 2.5%. However, despite the impressive figures there are many serious economic problems resulting from economic growth. 1. Pollution/ Environmental...
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...Corporate governance and responsibility Spotlight C O R P O R AT E G O V E R N A N C E OECD principles Foundations of market integrity Bill Witherell, Head, OECD Directorate for Financial, Fiscal and Enterprise Affairs © Getty Images Good governance goes beyond common sense. It is a key part of the contract that underpins economic growth in a market economy and public faith in that system. The OECD Principles of Corporate Governance and Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises are two essential instruments for ensuring that this contract is honoured. T he recent spate of US corporate failures and breakdowns in truthful accounting has undermined people’s faith in financial reporting, corporate leadership, and the integrity of markets the world over. The fact that the wave of scandals has come hot on the heels of a collapse in the high-tech bubble has a sharp ironic flavour. Both events have their roots in the heady days of stock market exuberance, when anything was possible, from creating multibillion dollar companies with little more than an idea, an investment angel and a lot of faith, to believing that markets would buy any yarn a group of fast-talking executives could spin, even if to cover up serious losses and illegal practices. The corporate scandals and the bursting bubble have different causes though: on the one hand, illicit management decisions and cover-ups, and on the other, over-bloated investment assessments...
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