...There are many definitions of Organizational Behavior (OB). In order to develop a personal operating definition of OB, I read several definitions to help form a framework of what OB means to me. The definitions I read ranged from the very complex to the very simple. Along with many OB definitions, there are also many different types of research. Mole noted four assumptions that are used in all OB research (2002). 1. Behavior is predictable 2. Behavior is caused 3. Behavior has many causes 4. Generalities can be made Personal Operational Definition With the above assumptions, as well as the concept that OB is a combination of different fields of behavioral sciences, I developed the following operational definition of OB. The study of Organizational Behavior is to observe, analyze and learn, what variables influence individual behavior, at both the individual and group levels, and understand how it affects the behavior of the organization. I will use this operating definition in my organization as we plan to make a major software change. The process is underway to replace the maintenance software system with an updated software so that a purchasing package can be procured that will integrate the two. By observing the behavior of the employees, I will be able to better understand the cause of their resistance to change. I will recommend a cross functional team to address all the concerns and determine what features of the old software are important and should be...
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...APOLLO .W. MBOGO ( MOI UNIVERSITY)------- Organizational behavior Organizational behavior refers to the study of people and their behavior in the organization and their work place. Organizational behavior is an aspect that deals with great range of disciplines which includes management sociology, psychology, and communication. Organizational behavior brings about achievement of highest performance and good results due to the application of knowledge about how people, individuals, and groups act in organizations and workplaces. Through the study of organizational behavior, managers are able to know the problems affecting the employees in the organization and come up with solutions to solve these problems. As a result it brings they work harmoniously together as a family thereby bringing high achievement If a manager is assigned to manage an organization, it is necessary for him or her to understand how the organization operates. Organization may refer to the combination of science and people. While science and technology can be predicted, human behavior in an organization cannot be predicted. This is because human behaviors arise from needs and value systems of people. Organizations refer to people this means that without people organizations would not exist. This means that if managers want to understand the organizations in which they work, they must first understand the people who are the constituents of the organizations. People are the most valuable assets of the...
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...Architecture and the Environment Paper  • Prepare a 1,150- to 1,400-word paper in which you explore human response to physical structure. As a part of your paper be sure to address the following:  o Describe how physical structure affects human behavior. o Analyze architecture as a means of controlling human behavior. o Describe the environmental psychological implications of commercial and residential design, including purpose and considerations. o Analyze the importance of architectural development supporting sustainable development. Architecture and the Environment Paper The Environment and its inhabitants cannot be explained separately both shape each other and is shaped by the environment. There are different kinds of environments that need different kinds of behavioral workings that are sensory input, internal representations that change the structure of the earth for who people live there. “To understand the interactions of the physical world and behavior, then, we must consider the two in an intertwined fashion†(Todd & Wilson, 1993). Effect of Physical Structure on Human Behavior Architectural design always played a significant aspect in one’s comfort and health. It is a different form of art surrounding one every day. Unfortunately, for years, it has not been considered this way and its benefits have not been recognized. However with the increasing research and interest in...
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...manager who wants to encourage efficiency and the highest standards of service? A stage of Change Model as proposed by Prochaska and Colleagues for addictive behaviors consists of six dynamic stages. The six stages are: Precontemplation, Contemplation, preparation, action maintenance, and termination. Precontemplation is when an individual is not considering making any changes. Contemplation is the time when an individual is aware there is a problem and is considering taking action to resolve it. Preparation refers to the time when an individual commits to taking action sometime within the next 30 days. Action is the busiest time. There are noticeable efforts to change the targeted behavior. Maintenance is the stage when a person tries to stabilize the behavior change and prevent relapse. Termination is the final stage, this occurs when there is zero temptation to revert back to the old behavior. Healthcare administrators can utilize the Prochaska Stages of Change model to assists themselves in developing procedures to support patients or subordinates who will benefit from behavior modification. It helps one to recognize that the customary counseling and patient is not always effective with all individuals’. Being familiar with the stages through in which individuals pass during the course of successfully altering a behavior permits us to be able to fashion interventions to the individual. Our understanding of this concept permits one to enrich those stages by utilizing specific...
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...Running Head: EMPATHY AND SOCIAL LEARNING Developing Empathy: Nurturing Through Social Learning Abstract This paper explores the Social Learning Theory and how prosocial behavior, specifically empathy, is cultured through observation, modeling and imitation. Empathy is defined through a review of Bandura’s Bobo Doll experiment, Jeremy Sloan’s article on developing empathy and the impact it has on animals in our world, and an assessment of empathy in future criminal justice professionals. All provide evidence and data to support the finding that adults have lasting influence on children and how ones behavior is formed. Empathy is a vital trait and it’s a primary requisite for successfully managing daily experiences. Key words: Empathy, Modeling, Social Learning, and Development Introduction The development of empathy allows us the innate ability to relate to another’s experiences, motives and feelings. It is the foundation of compassion and caring, and is monumental in many of life’s challenges and successes. It is what allows us to learn from others and become responsible, caring adults. Many significant professions require empathy: medical care, fire rescue, education, criminal justice, and most importantly parenting. Tragic events such as slavery and the Holocaust illuminate the significance of empathy, it’s part in humankind’s wellbeing, and how requisite it is to encourage healthy development of the trait (Sajo, 2011). It is therefore of utmost...
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...Behaviorism, Humanistic and Psychoanalysis. The Humanistic approach began as a movement in the 1950's meant to take a healthy, or holistic, method to understanding the nature of what it is to be human. This perspective addresses values important to humans: love, compassion, creativity, etc. It is considered the third force of Psychology, the first being Behaviorism and the second being Psychoanalysis. The founders of the Humanistic theory were Abraham Maslov and Carl Rogers. They concerned themselves with the psychological well-being of a person, it focused on being able to realize your full potential or 'self-actualization'. This concept had a huge impact on psychology as we know it today because it concerned itself with areas of human behavior that other theories ignored. "The humanistic perspective values the integrity of each individual" (Editorial Board, 2011). It is believed that you could lose yourself because you become preoccupied with the notion of gaining acceptance from others. When you, as a person, are so consumed with being accepted, you tend to mold yourself and become something and someone that you are not. "The Humanistic perspective saw humans as being intentional, that they seek to have a sense of purpose and value" (Career Education Corporation, 2010). One of the therapeutic methods...
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...EOC Charter School Case management Log Student Name: ________Camacho, Keila___________ Areas to Review: Achievement __ Attendance __ Behavior __ Completing Assignment/Homework: All __ Most __ Some __ None __ Attendance: Days ___ Hrs__ Min ___ Behavior Codes: 01 | Continually Uses Positive behavior | 11 | Foul Language | 21 | Leaving Class w/o Permission | 31 | Sexual Harassment | 41 | Use of Firearms | 02 | Tardy - mild | 12 | Lying | 22 | Vandalism – not tagging | 32 | Rape/Sexual Assault | 42 | Poss of Firearms | 03 | Tardy - Severe | 13 | Not Following Directions | 23 | Tagging | 33 | Distribution of Drugs | 43 | Poss of other Weapon | 04 | Absences | 14 | Encouraging Misconduct | 24 | Fight w/o Weapon | 34 | Poss/Use of Tobacco | 44 | Use of other Weapon | 05 | Not Responding | 15 | Cheating | 25 | Fight w/ Weapon | 35 | Poss/Use of Alcohol | 45 | Bus Violation | 06 | Not Doing Work | 16 | Dress Code | 26 | Threat w/o Weapon | 36 | Poss/Use of Drugs | 46 | Cell Phone | 07 | Disruptive - Mild | 17 | Sleeping/Head down | 27 | Threat w/ Weapon | 37 | Robbery w/o Weapon | 47 | Other Disruptive Device | 08 | Disruptive - Severe | 18 | Missed Detention | 28 | Bullying/Harassment | 38 | Robbery w/ Weapon | 48 | Talking | 09 | Defiance - Mild | 19 | Computer Misuse | 29 | Hate Crime | 39 | Auto Theft | 49 | | 10 | Defiance - Severe | 20 | Restricted Area Violation | 30 | Gang Activity | 40 | Theft Larceny | 50 | | Academic Interventions: ...
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...stage, child had no self-present, however, they imitates the action of others, for example; when adults cry the child cry. During the play stage, child is developing the sense of self-present. They start to rakes the role of a single other, as if he or she were the other. The game stage is the last stage under Mead’s model, the child will no longer be playing role taking but starts to develop the relationship between the other and recognize the responsibilities as well as the social positions. It is very important for an infant to be around adult human. An infant imitate people around them, they can’t be disconnected from the socialization. Otherwise, they will be lost of human interaction and the important process of learning attitudes, behavior appropriate and the culture. In the case of Genie, I see very strong statement on hoe important for a child to have normal human interaction in their early...
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...hits possible taint on experiment Behavior contemplative slightly closed off protective stances have been taken Preening behaviors More preening behaviors Slightly warming up to him still guarded but relatively open Compliance More preening Nervous behavior twirling hair Open body posture Relaxing a little bit and laughing More nervous twitches Seem open to idea, and discussion has occurred post interaction Mission: Successful Time: 3:19 Round 2. Situation: 2 females Standing outside Einstein’s. Team Closed off a little Conference Nervous hand twitches Bringing up other guy Point to self Pointing to friend Friend opens herself up Preening behaviors Another joins Stated single, opening up in sharing personal life indicates relaxation Mission: Success Time: 1:12 Round 3 Situation: 2 females sitting and eating outside. Solo Making long eye contact Looking around for friend briefly Looking at his body language Self touch, bra straps Legs remained cross Genuinely humoring the situation Laughing when friends come back, covering her mouth and smiling Strong eye contact Closed off, hands remained in lap Genuinely wants to humor him Gets number, but associates with friend, looking her opinion Hands over phone without looking at him She stated she has a boyfriend Mission: Success (possible fake) 3:12 Round 4 Situation: Team. 2 females sitting eating Slightly closed off But relaxed Some nervous behaviors Awkwardness Closing body off...
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...Analyzing Human Behavior from a Social Psychological Perspective Social psychology is the study of human behavior in the social situations. There are many different topics that are studied by social psychologists. They can include different behaviors such as attitudes, aggression, prejudice, pro-social behavior and self-identity. The goal of social psychology is to study the behavior of individuals to learn more about how people form impressions of others, interpret the behavior of others and behave in social situations. Social psychology also looks at a range of social topics. Leadership, group behavior, social perception, nonverbal behavior, aggression and prejudice are to name a few. Social psychology is not just about looking at social influences. Social perception and social interaction are vital to understanding social behavior. Social Psychology began to become more to the forefront after World War II. Other events just after like the Holocaust for example, caused Psychologists to start to ask themselves the effects of society on human behavior, according to an article by, Kendra Cherry titled, “What is Psychology?” (Cherry, 2012) The term social psychology was first used in the 1860’s. In 1908 the first textbooks on the subject were published. Floyd Allport in 1924 wrote a modern textbook and was regarded as the rebirth of social psychology. Kurt Lewin was called the father of social psychology. He was one of the first researchers to study organizational development...
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...Either individual in the conflict may not able to give something up. | Authoritative | Everyone knows what is expected in the workplace. | Could push individuals to a corner and the reaction could be severe. | 2. Which of the available conflict management strategies is most appropriate for the current situation with David and James? Provide your rationale, including what factors you considered in making your selection. Your response should be at least 100 words. The authoritative style is most appropriate for the current situation because it is characterized by behavioral principles, high expectations of appropriate behavior, clear statements about why certain behaviors are acceptable and others not acceptable, and warm student-teacher relationships. Research has shown that the type of management style used results in characteristic behaviors. * The authoritative style helps to produce employees who are socially competent and responsible. * The authoritarian style helps to produce employees who are ineffective at social interaction, and somewhat...
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...Transformational change in organisations: a self-regulation approach Transformational change in organisations 143 Purpose – The purpose of the present paper is to advance a testable model, rooted on well-established control and self-regulation theory principles, explaining the causal links between change-related sensemaking, interpretation, readiness and subsequent behavioural action. Design/methodology/approach – Following a review of the two motivation theories and clarification of change-related sensemaking, interpretation, and readiness concepts, the paper proposes a series of research propositions (illustrated by a conceptual model) clarifying how these concepts interact with self-regulating mechanisms. In addition, the feedback model exemplifies how cognitive processes triggered by new knowledge structures relate to behavioural action. Findings – The model expands upon other existing frameworks by allowing the examination of multi-level factors that account for, and moderate causal links between, change-related sensemaking, interpretation, readiness, and behavioural action. Suggestions for future research and guidelines for practice are outlined. Practical implications – The variables and processes depicted in the model provide guidelines for change management in organisations, both for individuals and for groups. By eliciting important self-regulating functions, change agents will likely facilitate sensemaking processes, positive interpretations of change, change...
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...Effective HR systems: The impact of organizational climate and organizational strategy on strategic behaviour Industrial and Organizational Psychology Bachelor Thesis Student: Ludwig Fritzsch 0095605 Docents: Prof. Dr. Karin Sanders Drs. Ivy Goedegebure University of Twente Enschede, 30th of July 2009 Preface Within my bachelor education in industrial and organizational psychology at the University of Twente, I conducted this research and immersed myself into relevant scientific literature to build a theoretic basis for my topic, the impact of organizational strategy and climate on strategic employee behaviours. This paper presents the final assignment of the bachelor degree in psychology and is solely written by the author. The introduction part consists mainly of a screening and elaboration on prior scholar’s work. Data from five companies were gathered collectively with other students. At this place my thanks go especially to the employees of the company Nedap N.V. for participating in my research. Nedap inspired my a lot. Furthermore my thanks go to my fellow students for their efforts to find companies to participate. Abstract This paper investigates which configurations of organizational climate and organisational strategy lead to strategic employee behaviour which is crucial for organizations to reach their goals. Based on literature research and empirical research in five companies in the technical sector in the area...
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...not relegated to a seccond place or optional place in one's life. 4. What is the Definition of study habit - Wiki Answers wiki.answers.com › ... › Definitions and Word Differences It means you are not distracted by anything, you have a certain place to go where it is quiet everyday where you study and do homework. Basically it means that ... 5. Study skills - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Study_skills Study skills or study strategies are approaches applied to learning. .... that show peer-communication can help increase better study habits tremendously. 6. Study habits dictionary definition | study habits defined www.yourdictionary.com › Dictionary Definitions The definition of study habits are the behaviors used when preparing for tests or learning academic material. A person who waits until the very last night...
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...Behaviour and Society Assignment 1 – Case Study - Chrissy Psychological constructs have been defined by Cronbach and Meehl, (1955) as anything related functionally to experiences behaviours and attitudes. Furthermore constructs are not what can be measured or seen but a manifestation of what has been agreed upon to name and identify those functions in one’s own mind. In the case study of Chrissy, a 25-year-old lawyer, various negative constructs are highlighted. These include risk behaviour as Chrissy has been a moderate smoker for the last 10 years, Chrissy’s associated risk perception, decreased motivation to exercise choosing to carpool than ride her bike and her low level of compliance to her asthma treatment plan. Risk behaviour is defined as an action that is associated with a loss, leading to negative outcomes (Van der Pligt, 1996, p. 34). Such factors as gender, age, ethnicity, socioeconomic status and personality can influence behaviour. Also a persons beliefs and attitudes can guide them to certain behavioural types. (Morrison & Bennett, 2009, p. 123). Usually people perceive their susceptibility risk of their behaviour on a comparison of their own risk to others, this usually equates to that perception of risk as being quite low (Vollrath et al, 1999). As with smokers, such as Chrissy, who states she is a moderate smoker, there will always be someone else who smokes more cigarettes and consequently shows no signs of illness, therefore there is a perception...
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