...Creative problem solving From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Creative problem solving is the mental process of creating a solution to a problem. It is a special form of problem solving in which the solution is independently created rather than learned with assistance. Creative problem solving always involves creativity. However, creativity often does not involve creative problem solving, especially in fields such as music, poetry, and art. Creativity requires newness or novelty as a characteristic of what is created, but creativity does not necessarily imply that what is created has value or is appreciated by other people. To qualify as creative problem solving the solution must either have value, clearly solve the stated problem, or be appreciated by someone for whom the situation improves.[1] The situation prior to the solution does not need to be labeled as a problem. Alternate labels include a challenge, an opportunity, or a situation in which there is room for improvement.[1] Solving school-assigned homework problems does not usually involve creative problem solving because such problems typically have well-known solutions.[1] If a created solution becomes widely used, the solution becomes an innovation and the word innovation also refers to the process of creating that innovation. A widespread and long-lived innovation typically becomes a new tradition. "All innovations [begin] as creative solutions, but not all creative solutions become innovations."[1] Some...
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...Unit 8 Discussion 1 In the Unit 4 Video Case Study – Interactive Writing, the purpose of the lesson is stated as phonics and spelling. According to Armbruster, Lehr, and Osborn, “phonics instruction teaches children the relationships between the letters (graphemes) of written language and the individual sounds (phonemes) of spoken language. It teaches children to use these relationships to read and write words” (p. 11). The teacher is teaching letter-sound connections. Struggling readers would benefit from phonemic awareness activities such as rhyming, alliteration, sentence segmentation, syllables, onsets, and rhymes (Beginning Reading) (p. 12). Furthermore, the teacher could include Elkonin Boxes and counters in small group instruction to...
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...368 Academy of Management Journal June Levy, P., & Pugh, D. Scaling and multivariate analysis in the study of organizational variables. Sociology, 1969, 3(2), 193-213. Litwin, G. H., & Stringer, R. A., Jr. Motivation and organizational climate. Boston: Harvard University Press, 1968. Mohr, L. B. Determinants of innovation in organizations. American Political Science Review, 1969, 63, 111-126. Palumbo, D. Power and role speciflcity in organization theory. Public Administration Review, 1969, 29, 237-248. Paolillo, J. G. Technological innovation in organizational R&D subsystems. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. University of Oregon, 1977. Paolillo, J. G., & Brown, W. B. How organizational factors affect R and D innovation. Research Management, 1978, 7, 12-15. Pritchard, R. D., & Karasick, B. W. The effects of organizational climate on managerial job performance and job satisfaction. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 1973, 9, 126-146. Rogers, E. M., & Eveland, J. D. Diffusion: Communication and innovation in organizations. In P. Kelly & M. Kranzbert (Eds.), Aspects of technological innovation. Atlanta: Advanced Technology and Science Studies, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1975, 301-368. Sapolsky, H. M. Organizational structure and innovation. The Journal of Business, 1967,40, 497-510. Vegso, R. W. Organizational characteristics that influence innovative behavior. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. University of Cincinnati, 1976. Zaltman, G., Duncan, R., & Holbeck, J...
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...American Psychological Association (APA) Referencing Style Guide Overview Other materials Referencing Intellectual honesty and plagiarism About the APA style In-text citation: Referencing sources within the text Reference list Electronic items Referencing secondary sources Different works of the same author and same year Audio recording Australian Bureau of Statistics (AusStats) Brochure Government report (online) Image on the Internet Lecture (unpublished)/ personal communication Podcast (from the Internet) Thesis Video recording, television broadcast or episode in a series Video (from the Internet) Web page / document on the Internet Books and book chapters Single author Two authors Three to six authors More than six authors No author (inc dictionaries/encyclopaedias) Edited book Chapter, article or section in a book Chapter or article in an edited book E-book Journal articles, newspaper articles and conference papers Journal article (print version) Journal article (full-text from electronic database) Non-English journal article translated into English Newspaper article (available in print) Newspaper article (from electronic database) Article (from the Internet, not available in print version) Proceedings of meetings and symposiums, conference papers Systematic reviews University of Western Sydney Library APA Referencing Style Guide Referencing Referencing acknowledges...
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...Research Paper: NAB Customer Service Employee Turnover Name Email GM591ON_M Leadership and Organizational Behavior Professor Date Abstract This paper will focus on the Customer Service department at North American Bancard. An overview of the company including the author's role will be explicated. Essential issues, events, and actions to help frame the problem will be identified. The problem statement will be well defined and specific enough for each reader to gain a clear idea of the Organizational Behavior topic and the direction of the research. Each reader will be given an encapsulated review of what information the author found most relevant to the research. The problem will be explored, providing an identification and description of the root causes. Solutions to the problem will be provided, supported and defended, to logically flow with the analysis of the problem. The author will reflect upon the research conducted, to show how the author's personal, academic, and professional development was influenced. Introduction: Company Overview The organization that my research will be based on for my final project is North American Bancard. North American Bancard was founded in 1992. It started with one employee in a shared office. As of today, North American Bancard has over 600 employees in a 100,000 sq. ft corporate office. The company provides merchants with the ability to accept credits cards, debit cards, EBT...
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...International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Vol. 1 No. 7[Special Issue –June 2011] Occupational Stress of Teachers: A Comparative Study Between Turkey and Macedonia Dr. Figen Eres Assistant Professor Department of Educational Science Gazi University, Ankara Turkey E-mail: feres@gazi.edu.tr, Phone: +903124844631 Dr. Tatjana Atanasoska Assistant Professor Department of Education University of St. Kliment Ohridski, Macedonia E -mail: t.atanasoska@pfbt.uklo.edu.mk, Phone: +38970853624 Abstract The aim of the study is to determine the stress level of Turkish and Macedonian teachers living in different socio-cultural and economic situations. The scale used in the study has been developed by researches. 416 Turkish teachers and 213 Macedonian teachers have participated in the study. At the end of the study it was seen that Turkish teachers have mild stress levels and Macedonian teachers have moderate stress levels. There is a meaningful difference in the stress level points of Turkish and Macedonian teachers. Policy makers are advised to analyse the teacher training and assessment system with the assumption that personal and social characteristics and working conditions may have an effect on teacher stress. Implications for further research are also discussed. Keywords: Teacher stress, primary education teachers, Macedonia, Turkey 1.Introduction Stress is the abnormal reaction that the organism displays against threating environmental elements. (Luthans, 1994)...
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...American Psychological Association (APA) Referencing Style Guide Overview Other materials Referencing Intellectual honesty and plagiarism About the APA style In-text citation: Referencing sources within the text Reference list Electronic items Referencing secondary sources Different works of the same author and same year Acts of Parliament (includes bills) Audio recording Australian Bureau of Statistics (AusStats) Australian Bureau of Statistics (Census information) Brochure Government report (print) Government report (online) Image on the Internet Lecture (unpublished)/ personal communication Legal cases Microfiche/microfilm document Patent/ Trademark (electronic database) Podcast (from the Internet) Study guide Thesis Tutorial/ lecture handout Video recording, television broadcast or episode in a series Video (from the Internet) Web page / document on the Internet Books and book chapters Single author Two authors Three to six authors More than six authors No author Edited book Chapter, article or section in a book Chapter or article in an edited book E-book Reference materials Journal articles, newspaper articles and conference papers Journal article (print version) Journal article (full-text from electronic database) Non-English journal article translated into English Newspaper article (available in print) Newspaper article (from electronic database) Article...
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...WHAT DOES IT TAKE TO BE SUCCESSFUL ENTREPRENEURS ? APPROVAL SHEET ACKNOWLEDGEMENT TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES ABSTRACT This descriptive study of 184 small firms identified strategies most frequently used by their managers. These strategies were identified using the Entrepreneurial Strategy Matrix, a situational model in which the identification of levels of innovation and risk lead to prescriptions of appropriate strategies. Concurrently, this model was empirically tested and its validity supported. Of the strategies used, the five most common were: “work to create a competitive advantage,” “maintain innovation,” “lower the costs of developing and/or maintaining one’s venture,” “defend product/service as it is now,” and “create a first mover advantage.” In addition, there were no differences between the use of strategies by entrepreneurs in service and manufacturing industries. CHAPTER 1 – THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND INTRODUCTION There is a comprehensive body of literature on strategic planning (Porter 1996), the effects of strategic planning on performance (Veliyath and Shortell 1993), and the effects of strategic planning on small business performance (Covin and Slevin 1991; Watts and Ormbsy 1990). Much of the research on the effects of strategic planning on small business performance focuses on comparing differences between those that conduct formal planning and those that do not (Robinson and...
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...How to foster innovation in your business Presentation on the occasion of the Credit Suisse event 7th September 2013, Zurich Dr. Reto Müller Chairman of the Board of Directors Helbling Holding AG Helbling - a Leader in Technological Innovation and Business Consulting Helbling Group Key figures 2012 We are unique through our ability to integrate a spectrum of professional know-how, experience and skills. 458 employees Our ability to link technological expertise with business competence results in entrepreneurial success for our clients. Companies in Switzerland, Germany, USA and China Revenues CHF 110.9m International Network Offices (Corporate Finance International) Owned by 25 managing partners 2 Examples of innovations at Helbling Extract out of some thousand innovation projects in more than 50 countries Innovation leaders collaborating with Helbling: Nestlé, Roche, ABB, Airbus, Siemens, Medtronic, Schindler, Pfizer, Novartis, Sonova, Google, BSH, Geberit, Sika, V-Zug, Source: Helbling Qiagen, Tecan and many others 3 Strategic innovation management – selected Helbling references Companies Why Helbling? We measure ourselves - e.g. on the increase of the value of your innovation pipeline We are senior experts with over 15 years consulting experience and a focus on the topics "Increasing innovation success and increasing the power of innovation» We use self-developed tools and instruments ...
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...“Instead of being on the defensive, I would be on the offensive”: General Sherman’s March through Georgia 1 The United States Civil War was the bloodiest and most trying conflict in American history. Hundreds of thousands of American lives were lost on both sides of the war. General William Tecumseh Sherman’s march through Georgia to the sea was a brilliant strategic victory for the North that helped to end the war more quickly, all while preserving the lives of soldiers on both the North and South. All though his march was outside the general practice of warfare it is clear that the General’s movement through Georgia was the best course he could have taken given his circumstances. His capture of Atlanta and his subsequent march to follow is one of the most controversial issues of the war. At the time of the war it was commonplace for the military leaders to embed their troops in entrenchments that were nearly impossible to infiltrate. They would then rush their men towards each other in a bloody battle. General Sherman realized that attacking the entrenchments of the enemy was fruitless and killed too many soldiers. He went on a path of flanking maneuvers that helped get around these entrenched soldiers. He followed up this plan by attacking the economy of the South and breaking their resolve. The importance of his new plan can be seen on how his tactics of attacking the land and economy, instead of other human beings, and avoiding head-on confrontation actually...
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...اﻟﻤﺆﺗﻤﺮ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ اﻟﺴﻨﻮي اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ ﻓﻲ اﻹدارة اﻹﺑﺪاع واﻟﺘﺠﺪﻳﺪ دور اﻟﻤﺪﻳﺮ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻹﺑﺪاع واﻟﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﺷﺮم اﻟﺸﻴﺦ – ﺝﻤﻬﻮرﻳﺔ ﻡﺼﺮ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ 72-92 ﻥﻮﻓﻤﺒﺮ )ﺗﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺛﺎن( 4002 - Significant conditions in Employees Empowerment: the Case of Jordanian four Star hotels د. ﻳﺤﻴﻰ ﻡﻠﺤﻢ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﻴﺮﻣﻮك اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻷردﻥﻴﺔ اﻟﻬﺎﺵﻤﻴﺔ 233 Abstract Data from 95 frontline hotel employees in 10 four star hotel in Jordan show strong association between three significant conditions (communication and information-flow, incentives, and knowledge and skill) and employee empowerment. The findings in this research suggest that communication and information-flow, incentives, knowledge and skill and autonomy among hotel service-employees may have a direct and strong impact on the empowerment of hotel service employees. These four conditions accounted for significant variation in the levels of employee empowerment in four star hotels in Jordan. Levels of empowerment seem to further impact the level of employee job satisfaction indicating a significant association. Implications for future research and for management practice are discussed. Introduction In a competitive environment in which organizations must be faster, leaner, provide better service quality, be more efficient, and more profitable, an empowered and proactive service worker is thought to be essential (Bowen and Lawer, 1992; Fulford and Enz, 1995; Bowen and Lawler, 1995). However, delegation of authority for a long period...
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... | |Problem |15 | |Identify and clearly state the problem (the leadership or organizational behavior issue that you | |Statement | | |have selected to research). The problem statement should be phrased in terms of a researchable | | | | |question. For example, if a work group is not performing effectively, an effective problem | | | | |statement might be "How can group performance be improved?" A well-formed problem statement has: | | | |13 |Focus - the problem should be well defined and specific enough for the reader to gain a clear idea| |...
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...LEADERSHIP FOR INNOVATION LEADERSHIP FOR INNOVATION How to organize team creativity and harvest ideas JOHN ADAIR London and Philadelphia Publisher’s note Every possible effort has been made to ensure that the information contained in this book is accurate at the time of going to press, and the publishers and author cannot accept responsibility for any errors or omissions, however caused. No responsibility for loss or damage occasioned to any person acting, or refraining from action, as a result of the material in this publication can be accepted by the editor, the publisher or the author. First published in Great Britain in 1990 by the Talbot Adair Press as The Challenge of Innovation This edition published in Great Britain and the United States by Kogan Page Limited in 2007 as Leadership for Innovation Reprinted 2007 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms and licences issued by the CLA. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside these terms should be sent to the publishers at the undermentioned addresses: 120 Pentonville Road London N1 9JN United Kingdom www.kogan-page.co.uk © John Adair, 1990, 2007 The right of John...
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...Marketing Management 14 PHILIP KOTLER Northwestern University KEVIN LANE KELLER Dartmouth College Prentice Hall Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editorial Director: Sally Yagan Editor in Chief: Eric Svendsen Executive Editor: Melissa Sabella Development Editor: Elisa Adams Director of Editorial Services: Ashley Santora Editorial Project Manager: Kierra Bloom Editorial Assistant: Elizabeth Scarpa Director of Marketing: Patrice Lumuba Jones Senior Marketing Manager: Anne Fahlgren Senior Managing Editor: Judy Leale Production Project Manager: Ann Pulido Senior Operations Supervisor: Arnold Vila Creative Director: John Christiano Senior Art Director: Blair Brown Text and Cover Designer: Blair Brown Lead Media Project Manager: Lisa Rinaldi Editorial Media Project Manager: Denise Vaughn Full-Service Project Management: Sharon Anderson/BookMasters, Inc. Composition: Integra Printer/Binder: Courier/Kendallville Cover Printer: Lehigh-Phoenix Color/Hagerstown Text Font: 9.5/11.5, Minion Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on appropriate page within text. Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2006, 2003, 2000 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458. All...
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...INTRODUCTION Precedent is created by judicial decisions which may be given either by a supreme or a subordinate Court. A judicial precedent contains in itself a principle of law. Judicial precedents are an important source of law. They have enjoyed high authority at all times and in all countries . the common law of England has been built up the decisions of England judges. There are so many reasons why precedents operates as an authoritative source of law and it also has many kinds according to its probative force. decisions than to the views of text writers. A judicial precedent speaks with authority. It is an evidence of law and source of it. The authority of precedents is great because of power, skill and professional reputation of judges who make them. Judicial precedent means the process whereby judges follow previously decided cases where the facts are of sufficient similarity. The doctrine of judicial precedent involves an application of the principle of stare decisis, which is Latin for "let the decision stand" i.e. to stand by the decided. In practice, this means that inferior courts are bound to apply the legal principles set down by superior courts in earlier cases. Judge made law via the cases upon which they decide is one of the oldest sources of law. This provides in the law consistency and predictability. Judicial precedent means a judgment of a court of law cited as an authority for deciding a similar set of facts; a case which serves as authority for the...
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