...London School of Engineering and Materials Science Laboratory report writing instructions DEN101 - Fluid Mechanics 1 Flow Rate Measurement Experiment A. Student Student Number: 1234567 Version 2.0, 27 November 2010 Template for Word 97-2003 Abstract This document explains what is expected in your Fluids 1 lab report. The sections that should be covered are outlined and a structure you could follow is proposed. Detailed advice on how to edit the report is given. The document concludes with the marking criteria for this lab report. Table of Contents Abstract 2 1. Introduction 3 1.1. Writing 3 1.2. Editing and formatting 3 1.3. Content of the introduction 4 2. Background and theory 4 3. Apparatus 4 4. Test 4 5. Experimental procedure 4 6. Results 5 7. Discussion 5 8. Conclusions 5 9. References 5 10. Appendix A: Marking criteria 6 Introduction Before starting to write a report, you should think about what is your audience. Am I writing for colleagues who want a lot of detail how it is done, or am I writing for my boss who just wants an executive summary as he has no time for details? In general, there is not a single type of audience and we have to make our writing suitable for the detailed read, as well as the fast perusal. To understand what is required from you in this report, please have a look at the marking criteria in the Appendix. 1 Writing To limit...
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...My statement of “does a solution with a nonvolatile solute have a lower freezing point than a pure solvent?” can be reasoned by the following scientific information. Solutions are composed of a solute and a solvent and most properties of the solution are dependent on the properties of the solute. However, there are four properties that are unique to solutions that are based only on the number of particles of solute in the given solution. These four properties are: vapor pressure, boiling point, freezing point and osmotic pressure and collectively these properties are know as the colligative properties of solutions. In this lab, freezing point depression was observed when comparing a pure solvent of distilled water to a saltwater solution. The decreased freezing point of the saltwater solution is a result of the interactions between particles of solute from preventing the solvent particles from becoming more organized and forming solid crystals. Finally, collected data also confirms that they statement is true. The saltwater solution had an initial temperature of 26.5 °C and after being submersed in an ice bath, the temperature decreased to –5.0 °C. This temperature change was also confirmed when applying the formula for calculating the freezing point of the saltwater solution. The colligative properties...
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...Leaf Lab Report Background Cells and organisms must exchange matter with the environment to grow, reproduce, and maintain organization, and the availability of resources influences response and activities. For example, water and macronutrients are used to synthesize new molecules, and, in plants, water is essential for photosynthesis. Organisms have evolved various mechanisms for accumulating sufficient quantities of water, ions, and other nutrients and for keeping them properly balanced to maintain homeostasis. Plants absorb and transport water, nutrients, and ions from the surrounding soil via osmosis, diffusion, and active transport. Once water and dissolved nutrients have entered the root xylem, they are transported upward to the stems and leaves as part of the process of transpiration, with a subsequent loss of water due to evaporation from the leaf surface. Too much water loss can be detrimental to plants; they can wilt and die. The transport of water upward from roots to shoots in the xylem is governed by differences in water (or osmotic) potential, with water molecules moving from an area of high potential (higher free energy , more water)to an area of low water potential (lower free energy, less water). The movement of the water through a plant is facilitated by osmosis, root pressure, and the physical and chemical properties of water. Transpiration creates a lower osmotic potential in the leaf, and TACT (transpiration, adhesion, cohesion, and tension) mechanism...
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...Cryobiology of Rat Embryos I: Determination of Zygote Membrane Permeability Coefficients for Water and Cryoprotectants, Their Activation Energies, and the Development of Improved Cryopreservation Methods During the 1nd Semester 2012-2013 A Research Paper Presented to Mr. Luis Gallardo Mago In partial fulfillment Of the requirements in Nat. Sci. Subject By: Table of contents Abstract Materials and methods Results Discussion References Figures Tables Abstract Cryobiology of Rat Embryos I: Determination of Zygote Membrane Permeability Coefficients for Water and Cryoprotectants, Their Activation Energies, and the Development of Improved Cryopreservation Methods. Reinhold T. Pfaffa,b, Yuksel Agcaa,b, Jun Liua, Erik J. Woodsa, Augustine T. Peterb and John K. Critser2,,a,b a Cryobiology Research Institute, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202 Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, b School of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907 New rat models are being developed at an exponential rate, making improved methods to cryopreserve rat embryos extremely important. However, cryopreservation of rat embryos has proven to be difficult and expensive. In this study, a series of experiments was performed to characterize the fundamental cryobiology of rat fertilized 1-cell embryos (zygotes)...
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...dissolved. Label which containers have salt. Cut a fresh baking potato into 5 mm slices. Cut four rectangles 2.5 cm x 1 cm from the slices as close to the same size as possible. Measure the length and width of each rectangle in metric units and place one in each of the containers, keeping track of which measured slice went in which container. There will be two slices (duplicates) for fresh water and two for salt water. After 1 hour, remove and measure the length and width of each piece of potato and return it to the appropriate container. Note any physical changes. After 24 hours, remove and measure the length and width of each piece of potato. Note any physical changes in the potatoes and describe their appearance. Written Lab Report Introduction 1) Address the following questions: A) Define osmosis. Osmosis is the movement of solvent molecules through a selectively permeable membrane into a region of higher solute concentration, aiming to equalize the solute concentrations on the two sides.[1][2][3] It may also be used to describe a physical process in which any solvent moves, without input of energy,[4] across a semi permeable membrane (permeable to the solvent, but not the solute) separating two solutions of different concentrations.[5] Although osmosis does not create energy, it does release kinetic energy [6] and can be made to do work, [7] but...
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...better.” Mrs. C. also said that her husband has vomited, over the last 2 days. R.’s chief complaint (c/c) is abdominal pain, voiding frequently, and hasn’t been taking insulin due to nausea. Vital signs (RR) 32, and oxygen saturation (SAO2) 95%. He is alert & orientated (A&O) A&O x 1 (oriented only to person), and his mouth and mucous membranes are very dry. Doctor’s Orders: After seeing Mr. C. the doctor orders: CBC, Chem Panel, Electrolytes, UA with ketones, ABG, 12 lead EKG, and sliding scale insulin to be given IVP, oxygen at 2L/min per nasal cannula, and IV bolus of 500 cc/NS. After initiating a peripheral IV catheter, blood samples are drawn for labs and the nurse administers the 500 cc/NS and rechecked VS: Temperature (T) 100.3, P-106, BP-92/56, and RR-28. Labs The labs return with blood glucose of 625, K+5.3, bicarb (HCO3) 8 mEq/l, large amounts of ketones in urine and serum. ABG of pH-7.19, PO2-89, CO2-25, and HCO3-15. EKG The EKG is noted for tented T waves. Based off above initial findings, R. has hallmark signs and symptoms (s/s) of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) which include polyuria, gastrointestinal (GI) upset/abdominal pain, dehydration, orthostatic hypotension, bradypnea with deep respirations, also known as “Kusssmaul breathing.” Also, patient’s breath is acetone which is commonly interpreted as “fruity” and can be...
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...MicroBiology- MLT1 LabPaq / Published by: Hands-On Labs, Inc. sales@labpaq.com / www.LabPaq.com / Toll Free 866.206.0773 A Laboratory Manual of Small-Scale Experiments for the Independent Study of Microbiology 50-0222-MB-01 LabPaq® is a registered trademark of Hands-On Labs, Inc. (HOL). The LabPaq referenced in this manual is produced by Hands-On Labs, Inc. which holds and reserves all copyrights on the intellectual properties associated with the LabPaq’s unique design, assembly, and learning experiences. The laboratory manual included with a LabPaq is intended for the sole use by that LabPaq’s original purchaser and may not be reused without a LabPaq or by others without the specific written consent of HOL. No portion of any LabPaq manual’s materials may be reproduced, transmitted or distributed to others in any manner, nor may be downloaded to any public or privately shared systems or servers without the express written consent of HOL. No changes may be made in any LabPaq materials without the express written consent of HOL. HOL has invested years of research and development into these materials, reserves all rights related to them, and retains the right to impose substantial penalties for any misuse. Published by: Hands-On Labs, Inc. 3880 S. Windermere St. Englewood, CO 80110 Phone: Denver Area: 303-679-6252 Toll-free, Long-distance: 866-206-0773 www.LabPaq.com E-mail: info@LabPaq.com Printed...
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...Unknown Laboratory Report Sarah Mansfield Biology 203 Professor Lana November 19, 2014 INTRODUCTION Microorganisms are the earliest forms of life and most have thrived since the early birth of the planet. They have evolved into many different forms of life such as animals, humans, and plants. While some microorganisms impact life in a positive way by sustaining life, others cause disease and even death (Nester, et al. 2012). Prokaryotes are one of the earliest organisms to exist, and many of these organisms can thrive in conditions far worse than other living things. For example, they can tolerate extreme temperatures, acidic, or alkaline environments (Foster 1996). Prokaryotic cells do...
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...Admitting diagnosis(es) and clinical problems/complications/history: The patient was admitted on 2.13.13 with an admitting diagnosis of Syncope. Temp: 98.5, Pulse: 66, Resp: 16, Blood Pressure: 120/79, SpO2: 98%/room air. Patient stated that over the past two weeks she has become dizzy and fallen four to five times. On her day of admission she claims to have fallen again while brushing her teeth. This is the second time this has happened. Six years ago she presented with syncope in her home town of Leesburg, Florida. The first occurrence produced a negative medical workup. Both syncopal episodes appear to present during times of elevated stress in the client's life. The episode six years ago appears to correlate with a divorce from her husband of 15 years. The recent episode was preceded by a recent move from Leesburg, Florida to the Jacksonville, Florida area. The client denies any preceding symptoms of the syncopal episodes, however she states that she does have occurrences of nausea and dizziness without vomiting. Additionally, the client is complaining of unrelieved lower back and hip pain on her left side. The client was admitted for observation and evaluation due to her high number of falls. Near-syncope is a term that includes a dizzy feeling with the inability to stand upright. Syncope means a brief loss of consciousness. The loss of consciousness is usually caused by a decrease in blood flow to the brain. Decreased blood flow to the brain can be caused by a reduction...
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...Aims and Objectives Aims On the completion of the seminar students gain the knowledge regarding hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis and will utilize this knowledge with a positive attitude. Specific Objectives The group will able to; * Define dialysis * Describe the history of dialysis * Explain the principles of dialysis * Enumerate the indication of dialysis * Explain details about hemodialysis * Describe details about peritoneal dialysis * List down the Psychosocial Issues In ESRD Patients * Dietary Management Dialysis Patient * Nursing Responsibilities Introduction The introduction of dialysis as a lifesaving treatment for kidney failure was not the result for any large scale research programme, rather it emerged from the activities of a new pioneering individuals who were able to utilize ideas, materials, and methods from a range of developing technologies. Hemodialysis as a routine treatment for renal failure was introduced in the late 1970s. The recognition for the need for immunosuppression in the transplantation and the lack of availability of transplant in the 1960s enabled it to become the preferred treatment for many patients. Definition Dialysis is the movement of fluid and molecules across a semipermeable membrane from one compartment to another. Clinically dialysis is a technique in which substances move from the blood through a semipermeable membrane and in to a dialysis solution called dialysate. Historical Evolution...
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...Hepatic Encephalopathy Name________ Directions: Gender: Male Age: 47 Setting: Hospital Ethnicity: African American Preexisting Conditions: Cirrhosis secondary to alcohol hepatitis, hypertension, esophageal varices Coexisting Conditions: Disability: Unemployed (on disability) for past four years Socioeconomic: Married, father of two boys (ages 19 and 17 years old), history of drinking one quart of hard liquor each day for three years prior to diagnosis of cirrhosis Pharmacologic: Lactulose (Cephulac), neomycin sulfate (mycifradin sulfate) Client Profile: Mr. Escobar is a 47-year old male with a history of cirrhosis. He lives with his wife and teenage sons. His wife brought him to the emergency department today because she noticed that her husband had increasing confusion and lethargy and was having difficulty walking. His wife states, “ He is probably acting a little fun because he is sleep deprived. He hasn’t slept very much in the past few days.” Case Study: Mr. Escobar is afebrile. His blood pressure is 136/68, pulse 88, and respiratory rate 18. His oxygen saturation is 98% on room air. He is awake, alert, and oriented to person only. His speech is slow and he appears tired. The nurse notices a foul odor to his breath. Upon physical examination, he is found to have a slightly distended abdomen. The health care provider (HCP) does not note any asterixis. The HCP requests an abdominal ultrasound, which reveals fatty infiltration of the...
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...Running Head: CHRONIC CONSTIPATION TREATMENT Prucalopride for the treatment of chronic constipation in women in whom laxatives fail to provide adequate relief [Name of the Writer] [Name of the Institution] Prucalopride for the treatment of chronic constipation in women in whom laxatives fail to provide adequate relief Structured Abstract The literature analysis was carried out to determine the degree to explore former researches that have been carried out in the area of the usage of Prucalopride. In this regard, the usage and utility of Prucalopride was explored with reference to women who do not respond to the usage of laxatives in chronic constipation cases. An exploration of a vast volume of research established that the usage of Prucalopride has been explored extensively but there is a lack of literature that pertains to the usage of Prucalopride with regard to women in particular. Through a sequential elaboration of chronic constipation, chronic constipation in women, and an exploration of the trends that have come forth in the experimentation that has been carried out to ascertain the utility of Prucalopride for women where laxatives have not yielded results; it was revealed that there is a lack of extended experimentation in the area. Background Constipation Constipation is generally observed in western societies and it is not an uncommon recording in clinical practices. Due to the high frequency of the occurrence of constipation, it is generally...
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...Exp’t 112 Isolation of Casein, Lactose, and Albumin from Milk Adapted by R. Minard (Penn State Univ.) from Introduction to Organic Laboratory Techniques: A Microscale Approach, Pavia, Lampman, Kriz & Engel, Saunders, 1990. Revised 3/20/2000 PreLab Exercise: Draw a mechanism for the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of the acetal bond in lactose; see reaction below. Hint: your textbook may be of some help; first identify the functional group that is undergoing a reaction and consider the catalyzed used. H HO OH CH2OH O O H OH H2C OH O HO HO OH OH H2C OH O HO HO + HO OH H2O OH CH2OH O HO H + D -Galactose D -Glucose OH α-Lactose: D -Galactose+ D -Glucose Introduction: The Chemistry of Milk Milk is a food of exceptional interest. Not only is milk an excellent food for the very young, but humans have also adapted milk, specifically cow’s milk, as a food substance for persons of all ages. Many specialized milk products like cheese, yogurt, butter, and ice cream are staples of our diet. Milk is probably the most nutritionally-complete food that can be found in nature. This property is important for milk, since it is the only food young mammals consume in the nutritionally significant weeks following birth. Whole milk contains vitamins (principally thiamine, riboflavin, pantothenic acid, and vitamins A, D, and K), minerals (calcium, potassium, sodium, phosphorus, and trace metals), proteins (which include all the essential amino acids), carbohydrates (chiefly lactose), and lipids...
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...NUR160 Ca Name: Jodi Wiak | Section: 160 | Instructor: Ms. Higgins | Dates of care: 4/1/14 | Week: 1st clinical | Name: Jodi Wiak | Section: 160 | Instructor: Ms. Higgins | Dates of care: 4/1/14 | Week: 1st clinical | General Survey | Age: 85 | Sex: F | Ethnicity: Caucasion | # of days since admission: 7d | Allergies: Latex PCN | Code Status: FULL CODE | Diet: TPN | Rationale: Small bowel obstruction and resection benefit TPN over tube feedings is that all the nutrition is delivered at a cellular level making it immediately available for the body to utilize rather than making the body breakdown and absorb nutrients in the GI tract. It makes it easier on the digestive tract by giving the GI a chance to rest and heal without causing more harm. The patient also has to expend energy to breakdown foods/nutrition through the GI tract. Getting it TPN conserves the much needed energy the patient needs to heal their tissues and gain strength. | Activity: bedridden w/slight mobility with a walker | Rationale: Post surgical abdominal surgery, pt age, weakness, and recent foot surgery limiting her mobility. | Behavior/Affect: My pt was anxious when I first arrived due to her elevated B/P, N&V, and pain intolerance. By the end of shift my patient was very calm and communicative. | Isolation: | Yes | No | Culture: ⦵ | Source: ⦵ | Type of Isolation: ⦰ ⦵ | Height: 5’ 7.5” | Weight: 133 | BMI: 20.5 (BSA 1.71) | General Survey | Age: 85 | Sex:...
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...Studies VII Practical 9 Cell Biology Studies IX Practical 10 Cell Biology Studies X - Experiment Description Page Writing of Lab Reports Identification of Biomolecules 5 13 Identification of Unknown Carbohydrate Solutions and Investigation of Action of Saliva and HCl in Carbohydrate Solution at Two Different Temperatures Investigation of the Effects of Catalase Concentration on Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposition 20 Synthesis of Starch Using an Enzyme Extracted from Potato Tuber Investigation of the Effects of Different Catalytic Conditions on Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposition Microscopy 27 Practical 6 Cell studies II Practical 7 Cell studies III Extraction of Cell Organelles by Cell Fractionation Determination of Solute Potential of Potato Cell Sap 47 Practical 8 Cell studies IV Effects of Different Treatments on Stained Potato Cells 64 Practical 9 Energetics I Respiration of Germinating Beans 67 Microscopic Examination of Cells at Various Stages of Plant Mitosis and Meiosis DNA, Mitosis and Meiosis Modelling 71 Respiration of Yeast 93 Practical 3 Enzyme studies I (Experiment 1) Optional: Practical 3 Enzyme studies I (Experiment 2) Practical 4 Enzyme studies II Practical 5 Cell studies I - - Practical 10 Energetics II Lab manual version 6_201505 FHSB1214 Biology I & FHSC1214 Fundamentals of Cell...
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